Ischemic bowel disease(IBD)is a prevalent intestinal vascular disease that poses a serious threat to patients' lives and health.Tthe key pathological process of ischemic bowel disease is intestinal ischemia-reperfusion(II/R)injury.If not diagnosed and treated in a timely manner,it can lead to life-threatening conditions such as peritonitis,intestinal gangrene perforation,and multiple organ dysfunction.Current treatments primarily focus on symptomatic and surgical interventions,lacking targeted pharmacological therapies.A substantial body of research has found that traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)exhibits a protective effect against II/R injury.This review systematically elaborated on the mechanisms by which various TCM bioactive components,including Astragaloside IV,Ginsenosides,Salvianolic acids,and Tetramethylpyrazine,as well as compound formulations such as Shenqi injection,Taoren Chengqi decoction,and Sini decoction ameliorate II/R injury.These findings provide novel research perspectives for developing TCM-based therapeutics for IBD.

Ischemic bowel disease(IBD)is a prevalent intestinal vascular disease that poses a serious threat to patients' lives and health.Tthe key pathological process of ischemic bowel disease is intestinal ischemia-reperfusion(II/R)injury.If not diagnosed and treated in a timely manner,it can lead to life-threatening conditions such as peritonitis,intestinal gangrene perforation,and multiple organ dysfunction.Current treatments primarily focus on symptomatic and surgical interventions,lacking targeted pharmacological therapies.A substantial body of research has found that traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)exhibits a protective effect against II/R injury.This review systematically elaborated on the mechanisms by which various TCM bioactive components,including Astragaloside IV,Ginsenosides,Salvianolic acids,and Tetramethylpyrazine,as well as compound formulations such as Shenqi injection,Taoren Chengqi decoction,and Sini decoction ameliorate II/R injury.These findings provide novel research perspectives for developing TCM-based therapeutics for IBD.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD） is susceptible to systemic complications. Especially，sarcopenia is an independent risk factor for COPD patients that can exacerbate respiratory muscle fatigue，lead to a higher risk of falls and fractures，and lower the quality of life. The pathogenesis of sarcopenia involves such aspects as mitochondrial dysfunction，insulin resistance，changes in skeletal muscle fiber types，and an imbalance in protein synthesis and breakdown. As nutrition support and exercise rehabilitation therapy frequently have limited effectiveness，it is urgent to find a way to slow the progression of COPD with sarcopenia. Numerous studies conducted in recent years have discovered a potential link between pulmonary microbiome disorders and the gut microbiota of COPD patients. Furthermore，a wide range of functions of gut microbiota and its metabolites have been demonstrated，such as regulating inflammation and immunity，glucose and lipid metabolism，and mitochondrial function. According to the Zangxiang theory in Chinese medicine， there are intimate connections between the spleen， intestine，and muscle，and gut microbiota may be the most essential part of ameliorating "spleen governing muscle" and increasing muscle mass and strength. This study aims to expound on the effect mechanism of gut microbiota in slowing the progression of COPD with sarcopenia，thereby furnishing novel perspectives and recommendations for forthcoming investigations and therapeutic applications.

Clostridium perfringens is a common Gram-positive anaerobic conditioned pathogen,widely existing in nature,which can cause diarrhea,gas gangrene,and other diseases.Antibiotics are used in the clinical treatment of Clostridium perfringens infection,but the bacteria will devel-op resistance through mutation,drug-resistant plasmid transmission,and other ways,so that Clos-tridium perfringens can survive under the environmental pressure of antibiotics.Therefore,it is very important to find and develop new preparations to replace antibiotics or as feed additives to target the removal of Clostridium perfringens from the body or to prevent infection.In this study,a virulent Clostridium perfringens phage vB_CPP_AT was isolated from sewage by double plate method.The morphology of the bacteriophage was observed by transmission electron microscope.The biological characteristics of the bacteriophage were analyzed by lytic spectrum,MOI,pH,and temperature tolerance.The results showed that the vB_CPP_AT belongs to the Podoviridae.It would grow explosively at 60 min with an optimal MOI of 0.1.The vB_CPP_AT only lyse Clos-tridium perfringens and the lytic rate was 40％(8/20).No cleavage reaction occurred with other bacteria tested.The phage had good thermal stability and acid-base tolerance.Genomic analysis re-vealed that the phage had double-stranded DNA with a total length of 16 790 bp,and 20 open read-ing frames.Genomic analysis of vBCPPAT showed that it was a new virulent phage of Clostridi-um perfringens.The results laid a foundation for the clinical treatment of Clostridium perfringens with phage.

Objective:To analyze the level and clinical significance of IL-18 and IL-18-binding protein (BP) in the bone marrow of patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) .Methods:A total of 43 newly diagnosed patients with MDS who were admitted to the Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, from July 2020 to February 2021 were randomly selected. The control group consisted of 14 patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and 25 patients with iron-deficiency anemia (IDA). The levels of IL-18 and IL-18 BP in the bone marrow supernatant were measured, and their correlations with MDS severity, as well as the functionality of CD8 + T cells and natural killer cells, was analyzed. Results:The levels of IL-18, IL-18 BP, and free IL-18 (fIL-18) in the bone marrow supernatant of patients with MDS were higher than in the IDA group. The level of fIL-18 was linearly and negatively correlated with the MDS-International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS) score. IL-18 receptor (IL-18Rα) expression on CD8 + T cells in the MDS group was lower than in the IDA group, and the levels of fIL-18 and IL-18Rα were positively correlated with CD8 + T-cell function in the MDS group. Conclusion:IL-18 BP antagonizes IL-18, leading to a decrease in fIL-18 in the bone marrow microenvironment of patients with MDS, affecting CD8 + T-cell function, which is closely related to MDS severity; therefore, it may become a new target for MDS treatment.

Objective:To investigate the predictive value of high-resolution magnetic resonance vessel wall imaging (HRMR-VWI) features for the etiology of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) caused by intracranial large vessel occlusion (LVO).Methods:Patients diagnosed with AIS caused by LVO at the Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University from August 1, 2019 to August 1, 2022 were retrospectively collected. All patients underwent HRMR-VWI evaluation and endovascular treatment between 4.5 and 24 hours after onset. Complete recanalization of occluded vessels after direct aspiration first-pass was defined as embolic LVO, and those with residual stenosis >50% after the direct aspiration first-pass were classified as intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis related LVO (ICAS-LVO).Results:A total of 28 patients were included. Their age was 65.32±2.23 years, 20 (71.4%) were males. There were 22 patients (78.6%) in the embo-LVO group and 6 (21.4%) in the ICAS-LVO group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the remodeling index was an independent predictor of ICAS-LVO (odds ratio 1.081, 95% confidence interval 1.001-1.167; P=0.046). The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the area under the curve of the remodeling index for predicting ICAS-LVO was 0.882 (95% confidence interval 0.724-1.00; P=0.003). The optimal cutoff value was 1.1, and the predictive sensitivity and specificity were 66.7% and 100.0%, respectively. Conclusions:The HRMR-VWI remodeling index is an independent predictor of ICAS-LVO, with a remodeling index ≥1.1 indicating ICAS-LVO. HRMR-VWI can help identify the etiology of patients with AIS caused by LVO, thereby guiding endovascular treatment.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of ultrasound-guided high intensity focused ultrasound(HIFU)on pain intensity,pain sensation and overall survival in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. Methods:Clinical data of advanced pancreatic cancer patients treated by HIFU were collected from the patients enrolled during August 2020 to September 2022 at the second department for oncology of Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine.In this study,SPSS 26.0 software was used for the statistical analysis of NRS score and BPI score.The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis method was applied to calculate the median overall survival(OS)and then the survival curve was drawn.At the same time,the incidence of related adverse reactions during and after HIFU treatment was counted. Results:(1)Among the 45 patients,30 patients received HIFU combined with chemotherapy,and the other 15 patients only received HIFU.(2)Among the 45 patients,32 patients had pain relief after HIFU treatment,and the NRS score kept decreased across 1 week,2 weeks,3 weeks and 1 month after HIFU treatment(P＜0.05).The pain sensation score of BPI scale also decreased correspondingly,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).(3)The median OS of 45 patients was 11.1 months(95％Cl:9.30-1 2.90),of which 30 patients treated with HIFU combined chemotherapy had a median OS of 12.4 months(95％Cl:9.1 8-15.62),and 15 patients treated with HIFU only had a median OS of 4.6 months(95％Cl:1.11-8.10).(4)No serious adverse events were observed in all patients during and after HIFU treatment.Only 5 patients had asymptomatic mild elevation of blood amylase,and the incidence of mild adverse reactions was 11.1％. Conclusion:HIFU can effectively relieve pain and prolong the median survival time in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer.

Background: Pseudorabies, also known as Aujeszky's disease, is caused by the pseudorabies virus (PRV) and has been recognized as a critical disease affecting the pig industry and a wide range of animals around the world, resulting in great economic losses each year. Shandong province, one of the most vital food animal-breeding regions in China, has a very dense pig population, within which pseudorabies infections were detected in recent years. The data, however, on PRV epidemiology and coinfection rates of PRV with other major swine diseases is sparse. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the PRV epidemiology in Shandong and analyze the current control measures. Methods: In this study, a total number of 16,457 serum samples and 1,638 tissue samples, which were collected from 362 intensive pig farms (≥ 300 sows/farm) covered all cities in Shandong, were tested by performing enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: Overall, 52.7% and 91.5% of the serum samples were positive for PRV-gE and -gB, respectively, based on ELISA results. In addition, 15.7% of the tissue samples were PCR positive for PRV. The coinfection rates of PRV with porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, and classical swine fever virus were measured; coinfection with PCV2 was 35.0%, higher than those of the other two viruses. Macroscopic and microscopic lesions were observed in various tissues during histopathological examination. Conclusions The results demonstrate the PRV prevalence and its coinfection rates in Shandong province and indicate that pseudorabies is endemic in pig farms in this region. This study provides epidemiological data that can be useful in the prevention and control of pseudorabies in Shandong, China.

Objective To explore the association between glutathione S-transferase (GST) M1 and T1 genetic polymorphisms and the blood methotrexate concentration at 48 hours (C4s h) after initiation of high-dose methotrexate (HDMTX) infusion and major adverse events within 72 hours in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).Methods Medical records of ALL children in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University who received HDMTX-containing chemotherapy regimen,blood concentration monitoring of methotrexate at 48 hours after initiation of infusion,and GST M1 and T1 genetic polymorphism detection were collected and retrospectively analyzed.Results A total of 94 children with ALL were enrolled in the study,including 52 males and 42 females,aged 2-15 years with the average age of (5 ± 3) years.Within 72 hours after the HDMTX chemotherapy,44 children (46.8％) developed liver injury,43 children (45.7％) developed gastrointestinal reactions,15 children (16.0％) developed myelosuppression,and 45 children (47.9％) developed skin and mucosa injury.The children were divided into the ＜0.5 μmol/L group,the 0.5-1.0 μmol/L group,and the ＞ 1.0 μmol/L group according to their C48h of methotrexate.The incidences of adverse events such as liver injury,gastrointestinal reaction,and skin and mucosa injury in the ＜0.5 μmol/L group were significantly lower than those in the ＞ 1.0 μmol/L group [17.9％ (5/28) vs.78.6％ (11/14),21.4％ (6/28)vs.85.7％ (12/14),17.9％ (5/28)vs.71.4％ (10/14),all P＜0.001].Significant differences of methotrexate C48 h/dose ratio were found neither between children with functional wild-type alleles of GST M1 (GST M1 non-null genotypes) and those with GST M1 null-genotypes nor between children with GST T1 non-null genotypes and those with GST T1 null genotypes (both P ＞0.05).But the incidences of liver injury within 72 hours after HDMTX chemotherapy in children with GST M1 and GST T1 null-genotypes were significantly higher than those in children with GST M1 and GST T1 non-null genotypes,respectively [GST M1:50.7％ (36/71) vs.34.8％ (8/23);GST T1:55.2％ (32/58) vs.33.3％ (12/36),both P ＜0.05].Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that GST M1 and GST T1 genetic polymorphisms were associated with increased risk of liver injury (OR =1.928,95％CI:1.353-2.745,P＜0.001;OR =2.462,95％CI:1.046-5.793,P=0.039).Conclusions The C48 h of methotrexate in children with ALL and receiving HDMTX chemotherapy was associated with the occurrence of adverse events.GST M1 and GST T1 genetic polymorphisms had no significant effects on C48 h of methotrexate,but might increase the risk of liver injury in children.

Objective To explore the association between glutathione S-transferase (GST) M1 and T1 genetic polymorphisms and the blood methotrexate concentration at 48 hours (C4s h) after initiation of high-dose methotrexate (HDMTX) infusion and major adverse events within 72 hours in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).Methods Medical records of ALL children in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University who received HDMTX-containing chemotherapy regimen,blood concentration monitoring of methotrexate at 48 hours after initiation of infusion,and GST M1 and T1 genetic polymorphism detection were collected and retrospectively analyzed.Results A total of 94 children with ALL were enrolled in the study,including 52 males and 42 females,aged 2-15 years with the average age of (5 ± 3) years.Within 72 hours after the HDMTX chemotherapy,44 children (46.8％) developed liver injury,43 children (45.7％) developed gastrointestinal reactions,15 children (16.0％) developed myelosuppression,and 45 children (47.9％) developed skin and mucosa injury.The children were divided into the ＜0.5 μmol/L group,the 0.5-1.0 μmol/L group,and the ＞ 1.0 μmol/L group according to their C48h of methotrexate.The incidences of adverse events such as liver injury,gastrointestinal reaction,and skin and mucosa injury in the ＜0.5 μmol/L group were significantly lower than those in the ＞ 1.0 μmol/L group [17.9％ (5/28) vs.78.6％ (11/14),21.4％ (6/28)vs.85.7％ (12/14),17.9％ (5/28)vs.71.4％ (10/14),all P＜0.001].Significant differences of methotrexate C48 h/dose ratio were found neither between children with functional wild-type alleles of GST M1 (GST M1 non-null genotypes) and those with GST M1 null-genotypes nor between children with GST T1 non-null genotypes and those with GST T1 null genotypes (both P ＞0.05).But the incidences of liver injury within 72 hours after HDMTX chemotherapy in children with GST M1 and GST T1 null-genotypes were significantly higher than those in children with GST M1 and GST T1 non-null genotypes,respectively [GST M1:50.7％ (36/71) vs.34.8％ (8/23);GST T1:55.2％ (32/58) vs.33.3％ (12/36),both P ＜0.05].Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that GST M1 and GST T1 genetic polymorphisms were associated with increased risk of liver injury (OR =1.928,95％CI:1.353-2.745,P＜0.001;OR =2.462,95％CI:1.046-5.793,P=0.039).Conclusions The C48 h of methotrexate in children with ALL and receiving HDMTX chemotherapy was associated with the occurrence of adverse events.GST M1 and GST T1 genetic polymorphisms had no significant effects on C48 h of methotrexate,but might increase the risk of liver injury in children.