Objective:To identify the serotype and genotype characteristics of the first cluster infection of Brucella in Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture of Yunnan Province. Methods:The information of seven suspected cluster brucellosis cases reported in Lanping County, Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture in April 2023 were collected, blood samples were collected, and the strains were isolated and cultured. Serological methods were employed for brucellosis diagnosis, bacterial species identification was performed using BCSP31-PCR and AMOS-PCR. Multilocus locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) was conducted for strain genotyping, followed by phylogenetic analysis comparing the strains with those from other regions of China.Results:All seven cases were diagnosed with brucellosis, they were all villagers from the same village and had daily contact with sheeps. Four suspected Brucella strains were isolated, identified as Brucella melitensis biotype by BCSP31-PCR and AMOS-PCR. The four isolated strains exhibited identical MLVA-16 genotype, with MLVA-8 genotype 42 and MLVA-11 genotype 180, belonging to the Eastern Mediterranean lineage. Compared with the MLVA-16 of the isolated strains from other regions of China, the four isolated strains formed an independent cluster. Conclusion:The first cluster infection of Brucella in Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture of Yunnan Province is caused by Brucella melitensis biotype, and the four isolated strains have showed unique MLVA genotype.

Objective:To learn about the geographical distribution and bio-tying diversity characteristics of Brucella strains isolated in Yunnan Province. Methods:From March 2017 to December 2023, 516 suspected Brucella strains were collected from brucellosis surveillance sites and hospitals in Yunnan Province, and Yunnan Institute of Endemic Disease Control and Prevention. The Brucella isolates were confirmed to genus level by BCSP31-PCR, and subsequently identified to species and biovar level using conventional biotyping methods and AMOS-PCR. The geographical distribution of the strains was visualized using ArcGIS 10.8 software, simultaneously analyze the general characteristics of brucellosis patients. Results:Among the 516 suspected Brucella strains, 514 strains were isolated from patient blood samples and 2 strains were isolated from sheep blood samples. BCSP31-PCR identification showed that all strains were Brucella spp. The results of conventional biotyping and AMOS-PCR identification revealed that the isolates comprised 514 Brucella melitensis strains (16 strains of Brucella melitensis biovar 1 and 498 strains of Brucella melitensis biovar 3), one Brucella abortus (biovar 1) strain, and one Brucella canis strain. The strain was distributed in 69 counties/cities of 13 prefectures/cities in Yunnan Province, involving 390 administrative villages in 186 townships. Brucella melitensis was the dominant epidemic strain, and the largest number of Brucella melitensis was distributed in Kunming City( n = 205), followed by Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture ( n = 98) and Qujing City ( n = 72). Brucella abortus was only distributed in Lincang City ( n = 1), and Brucella canis was distributed Wenshan Zhuang and Miao Autonomous Prefecture ( n = 1). The age range of 514 brucellosis patients ranged from 10 months to 88 years, with the majority being between 40 and 60 years old (52.72%, 271/514). The predominant occupational group was farmers (89.11%, 458/514), followed by students (5.06%, 26/514). Conclusion:Brucella exhibits a wide distribution and species/biovar diversity in Yunnan Province, with infection among the farming population emerging as a serious public health problem in the area.

Objective:To assess the effect of using different thicknesses of reconstruction layer and different thicknesses of region of interest (ROI) on the results of vertebral bone mineral density (BMD) values that were measured by quantitative computed tomography (QCT). Methods:A total of 100 patients who underwent QCT screening for opportunistic osteoporosis between May and September 2021 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University were retrospectively collected. Images that the thicknesses of QCT reconstruction layer were respectively 1 and 5 mm were transferred to the QCT Pro workstation,and ROI thicknesses were adjusted to 5,7,and 9 mm,respectively. The average BMD values of QCT measurements were recorded under different thicknesses of reconstruction layer and different ROI thicknesses. Then,the effects of the choose of different thicknesses of reconstruction layer and the different ROI thicknesses on BMD values that were measured by QCT were analyzed. Results:The average BMD values of 1 mm and 5 mm thicknesses of reconstruction layer were respectively (117.41±45.97) mg/cm3 and (118.77±44.84) mg/cm3 when ROI thickness was 5 mm,with a statistically significant difference (t=-2.283,P<0.05). The average BMD values of 1 mm and 5 mm thicknesses of reconstruction layer were respectively (116.38±46.06) mg/cm3 and (119.06±44.55) mg/cm3 when the ROI thickness was 7mm,and the difference was statistically significant (t=-3.280,P<0.05). The average BMD values of 1 mm and 5 mm thicknesses of reconstruction layer were respectively (116.25±45.36) mg/cm3 and (120.12±44.10) mg/cm3 when the ROI thickness was 9 mm,and the difference was statistically significant (t=-5.841,P<0.001). The differences in BMD measurement values among 5,7 and 9 mm ROI thicknesses were not statistically significant when the thicknesses of reconstruction layer were respectively 1 and 5 mm. Conclusion:There is an effect of the thickness of QCT reconstruction layer on average BMD measurement values,and 1 mm thickness of reconstruction layer is more suitable to clinical application,while there is not significant effect in ROI thickness on average BMD measurement value of QCT. In clinical application,it is feasible to adjust ROI thickness according to actual situation so as to avoid the effect caused by some factors such as fracture or vertebral implants.

Objective To observe the correlations of artificial intelligence(AI)measured parameters on anteroposterior and lateral spinal X-ray films with the severity of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis(AIS).Methods Totally 1 786 AIS patients were retrospectively enrolled.Parameters including Cobb angle(CA),coronal balance distance(CBD),T1 slope(T1S),pelvic tilt(PT),sacral slope(SS),apical vertebral translation(AVT),thoracic trunk shift(TTS),thoracic kyphosis(TK)and sagittal vertical axis(SVA)on anteroposterior and lateral spinal X-ray films were measured using uAI DR scoliosis analysis system.The severity of AIS was evaluated according to CA,and the correlations between other parameters and the severity of AIS were explored.The above parameters were compared under different severity levels and coronal/sagittal equilibrium states.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to screen the independent impact factors on the severity of AIS.Results Significant differences of the above parameters were found among different severity levels except for SVA(all P＜0.001).With the aggravation of AIS,CA,CBD,AVT and TTS increased successively(all P＜0.001).T1S of severe AIS was higher than that of mild and moderate AIS(both P＜0.001),PT and SS of moderate and severe AIS were all bigger,while their TK were smaller than those of mild AIS(all P＜0.001).Significant differences of CA,T1S,PT,SS,AVT,TTS and TK were found between coronal balanced and imbalanced AIS(all P＜0.05),while of TK were found between sagittal balanced and unbalanced AIS(P=0.026).CBD,T1S,PT,SS,AVT and TTS were all positively correlated(r,=0.136-0.606,all P＜0.001),while TK was negatively correlated(r,=—0.404,P＜0.001)with the severity of AIS.T1S,AVT and TTS were all independent impact factors of the severity of AIS(all P＜0.001).Conclusion Among AI measured parameters on anteroposterior and lateral spinal X-ray films,CBD,T1S,PT,SS,AVT and TTS were positively correlated,while TK was negatively correlated with the severity of AIS.

Objective:To study the epidemiological characteristics and clinical diagnosis of human brucellosis in Qujing City, Yunnan Province.Methods:Through the Infectious Disease Reporting Information Management System of the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System, the basic information and clinical diagnostic data of brucellosis cases reported in Qujing City from January 2008 to December 2023 were retrospectively collected. Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the epidemic profile, three distribution characteristics (time, population, region), and diagnosis of brucellosis.Results:A total of 1 417 brucellosis cases were reported in Qujing City from 2008 to 2023, with no death. The annual average incidence of brucellosis was 1.49/100 000, with no cases reported in 2009 and 2010, and the highest incidence in 2023 (7.82/100 000). The incidence of brucellosis showed an increasing trend year by year (χ 2trend = 1 874.58, P < 0.001). The number of cases from June to November accounted for 61.54% (872/1 417). The majority of brucellosis cases were in the age group of 36 - 65 years old, accounting for 67.82% (961/1 417). Among them, there were 954 males and 463 females, with a gender ratio of 2.06 ∶ 1.00. Farmers were the main occupation, accounting for 84.33% (1 195/1 417). The cases were mainly distributed in Luliang County (621 cases), Xuanwei City (282 cases) and Shizong County (137 cases), accounting for 73.39% (1 040/1 417). The median interval between onset and diagnosis was 13 days, and the cases with intervals ≤7 d, 8 - 30 d, and ≥31 d accounted for 32.11% (455/1 417), 40.16% (569/1 417), and 27.73% (393/1 417), respectively. Totally 63.94% (906/1 417) of the cases were confirmed in medical institutions in Qujing City. Conclusions:The incidence of brucellosis in Qujing City is increasing year by year, with men, middle-aged and elderly people and farmers as the main population, summer and autumn as the peak period, and Luliang County, Xuanwei City and Shizong County as the high incidence areas. Most cases have an interval of less than 30 days between onset and diagnosis, and can be diagnosed within the jurisdiction.

Objective:To study the epidemiological characteristics and clinical diagnosis of human brucellosis in Qujing City, Yunnan Province.Methods:Through the Infectious Disease Reporting Information Management System of the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System, the basic information and clinical diagnostic data of brucellosis cases reported in Qujing City from January 2008 to December 2023 were retrospectively collected. Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the epidemic profile, three distribution characteristics (time, population, region), and diagnosis of brucellosis.Results:A total of 1 417 brucellosis cases were reported in Qujing City from 2008 to 2023, with no death. The annual average incidence of brucellosis was 1.49/100 000, with no cases reported in 2009 and 2010, and the highest incidence in 2023 (7.82/100 000). The incidence of brucellosis showed an increasing trend year by year (χ 2trend = 1 874.58, P < 0.001). The number of cases from June to November accounted for 61.54% (872/1 417). The majority of brucellosis cases were in the age group of 36 - 65 years old, accounting for 67.82% (961/1 417). Among them, there were 954 males and 463 females, with a gender ratio of 2.06 ∶ 1.00. Farmers were the main occupation, accounting for 84.33% (1 195/1 417). The cases were mainly distributed in Luliang County (621 cases), Xuanwei City (282 cases) and Shizong County (137 cases), accounting for 73.39% (1 040/1 417). The median interval between onset and diagnosis was 13 days, and the cases with intervals ≤7 d, 8 - 30 d, and ≥31 d accounted for 32.11% (455/1 417), 40.16% (569/1 417), and 27.73% (393/1 417), respectively. Totally 63.94% (906/1 417) of the cases were confirmed in medical institutions in Qujing City. Conclusions:The incidence of brucellosis in Qujing City is increasing year by year, with men, middle-aged and elderly people and farmers as the main population, summer and autumn as the peak period, and Luliang County, Xuanwei City and Shizong County as the high incidence areas. Most cases have an interval of less than 30 days between onset and diagnosis, and can be diagnosed within the jurisdiction.

Bone defect repair is an urgent problem in the field of orthopedics,and numerous researchers are working to develop more effective treatment plans.The accurate evaluation of bone repair after surgery is a crucial step.In line with the development of computed tomography(CT)imaging,dual-energy CT imaging has shown significant advantages in analyzing bone composition and reducing metal artifacts.This article reviews the application of dual-energy CT imaging for the evaluation of bone repair in animals.

Objective:To identify the serotype and genotype characteristics of the first cluster infection of Brucella in Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture of Yunnan Province. Methods:The information of seven suspected cluster brucellosis cases reported in Lanping County, Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture in April 2023 were collected, blood samples were collected, and the strains were isolated and cultured. Serological methods were employed for brucellosis diagnosis, bacterial species identification was performed using BCSP31-PCR and AMOS-PCR. Multilocus locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) was conducted for strain genotyping, followed by phylogenetic analysis comparing the strains with those from other regions of China.Results:All seven cases were diagnosed with brucellosis, they were all villagers from the same village and had daily contact with sheeps. Four suspected Brucella strains were isolated, identified as Brucella melitensis biotype by BCSP31-PCR and AMOS-PCR. The four isolated strains exhibited identical MLVA-16 genotype, with MLVA-8 genotype 42 and MLVA-11 genotype 180, belonging to the Eastern Mediterranean lineage. Compared with the MLVA-16 of the isolated strains from other regions of China, the four isolated strains formed an independent cluster. Conclusion:The first cluster infection of Brucella in Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture of Yunnan Province is caused by Brucella melitensis biotype, and the four isolated strains have showed unique MLVA genotype.

Objective:To assess the effect of using different thicknesses of reconstruction layer and different thicknesses of region of interest (ROI) on the results of vertebral bone mineral density (BMD) values that were measured by quantitative computed tomography (QCT). Methods:A total of 100 patients who underwent QCT screening for opportunistic osteoporosis between May and September 2021 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University were retrospectively collected. Images that the thicknesses of QCT reconstruction layer were respectively 1 and 5 mm were transferred to the QCT Pro workstation,and ROI thicknesses were adjusted to 5,7,and 9 mm,respectively. The average BMD values of QCT measurements were recorded under different thicknesses of reconstruction layer and different ROI thicknesses. Then,the effects of the choose of different thicknesses of reconstruction layer and the different ROI thicknesses on BMD values that were measured by QCT were analyzed. Results:The average BMD values of 1 mm and 5 mm thicknesses of reconstruction layer were respectively (117.41±45.97) mg/cm3 and (118.77±44.84) mg/cm3 when ROI thickness was 5 mm,with a statistically significant difference (t=-2.283,P<0.05). The average BMD values of 1 mm and 5 mm thicknesses of reconstruction layer were respectively (116.38±46.06) mg/cm3 and (119.06±44.55) mg/cm3 when the ROI thickness was 7mm,and the difference was statistically significant (t=-3.280,P<0.05). The average BMD values of 1 mm and 5 mm thicknesses of reconstruction layer were respectively (116.25±45.36) mg/cm3 and (120.12±44.10) mg/cm3 when the ROI thickness was 9 mm,and the difference was statistically significant (t=-5.841,P<0.001). The differences in BMD measurement values among 5,7 and 9 mm ROI thicknesses were not statistically significant when the thicknesses of reconstruction layer were respectively 1 and 5 mm. Conclusion:There is an effect of the thickness of QCT reconstruction layer on average BMD measurement values,and 1 mm thickness of reconstruction layer is more suitable to clinical application,while there is not significant effect in ROI thickness on average BMD measurement value of QCT. In clinical application,it is feasible to adjust ROI thickness according to actual situation so as to avoid the effect caused by some factors such as fracture or vertebral implants.

Objective To observe the correlations of artificial intelligence(AI)measured parameters on anteroposterior and lateral spinal X-ray films with the severity of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis(AIS).Methods Totally 1 786 AIS patients were retrospectively enrolled.Parameters including Cobb angle(CA),coronal balance distance(CBD),T1 slope(T1S),pelvic tilt(PT),sacral slope(SS),apical vertebral translation(AVT),thoracic trunk shift(TTS),thoracic kyphosis(TK)and sagittal vertical axis(SVA)on anteroposterior and lateral spinal X-ray films were measured using uAI DR scoliosis analysis system.The severity of AIS was evaluated according to CA,and the correlations between other parameters and the severity of AIS were explored.The above parameters were compared under different severity levels and coronal/sagittal equilibrium states.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to screen the independent impact factors on the severity of AIS.Results Significant differences of the above parameters were found among different severity levels except for SVA(all P＜0.001).With the aggravation of AIS,CA,CBD,AVT and TTS increased successively(all P＜0.001).T1S of severe AIS was higher than that of mild and moderate AIS(both P＜0.001),PT and SS of moderate and severe AIS were all bigger,while their TK were smaller than those of mild AIS(all P＜0.001).Significant differences of CA,T1S,PT,SS,AVT,TTS and TK were found between coronal balanced and imbalanced AIS(all P＜0.05),while of TK were found between sagittal balanced and unbalanced AIS(P=0.026).CBD,T1S,PT,SS,AVT and TTS were all positively correlated(r,=0.136-0.606,all P＜0.001),while TK was negatively correlated(r,=—0.404,P＜0.001)with the severity of AIS.T1S,AVT and TTS were all independent impact factors of the severity of AIS(all P＜0.001).Conclusion Among AI measured parameters on anteroposterior and lateral spinal X-ray films,CBD,T1S,PT,SS,AVT and TTS were positively correlated,while TK was negatively correlated with the severity of AIS.