The rising prevalence of allergic diseases imposes a significant burden on healthcare resources and socio-economic systems. Allergen testing plays a critical role in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of allergic diseases. However, its application in clinical practice still faces numerous challenges. This article reviews the current status of allergen testing in clinical settings and discusses the challenges in managing allergic diseases. Additionally, it provides recommendations for improving medical education on allergen testing and promoting standardized clinical management of allergic diseases.

The rising prevalence of allergic diseases imposes a significant burden on healthcare resources and socio-economic systems. Allergen testing plays a critical role in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of allergic diseases. However, its application in clinical practice still faces numerous challenges. This article reviews the current status of allergen testing in clinical settings and discusses the challenges in managing allergic diseases. Additionally, it provides recommendations for improving medical education on allergen testing and promoting standardized clinical management of allergic diseases.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of prior statins use on the in-hospital mortality of adult sepsis patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM).Methods:A total of 3 545 sepsis patients with T2DM were retrospectively collected from the Critical Care Medical Information Market (MIMIC Ⅳ) database, with in-hospital mortality rate as the outcome variable. According to whether they have taken statins in the past, they were divided into two groups and propensity score matching was used. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was performed to calculate the adjusted hazard ratio ( HR) and 95% CI, and the relationship between past statins use and in-hospital mortality in sepsis patients with T2DM was analyzed. Results:A total of 3 545 sepsis patients with T2DM were included between 2008 and 2016. 1 556 patients used statins before admission, and 1 989 patients did not use statins. After propensity score matching, the number of patients who had previously used statins and those who had not used statins were 1 230 and 1 298, respectively. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, it was found that previous use of statins was associated with a reduced in-hospital mortality rate ( HR=0.82, 95% CI: 0.61-0.99, P=0.038). Kaplan Meier curves showed that sepsis patients with T2DM who used statins before admission had a lower in-hospital mortality rate (Log rank test: P<0.001). Conclusions:Pre admission use of statins may be associated with a reduced mortality rate in sepsis patients with concomitant T2DM.

The Ly-6 and uPAR (LU) domain-containing proteins represent a large family of cell-surface markers. In particular, mouse Ly-6A/Sca-1 is a widely used marker for various stem cells; however, its human ortholog is missing. In this study, based on a systematic survey and comparative genomic study of mouse and human LU domain-containing proteins, we identified a previously unannotated human gene encoding the candidate ortholog of mouse Ly-6A/Sca-1. This gene, hereby named LY6A, reversely overlaps with a lncRNA gene in the majority of exonic sequences. We found that LY6A is aberrantly expressed in pituitary tumors, but not in normal pituitary tissues, and may contribute to tumorigenesis. Similar to mouse Ly-6A/Sca-1, human LY6A is also upregulated by interferon, suggesting a conserved transcriptional regulatory mechanism between humans and mice. We cloned the full-length LY6A cDNA, whose encoded protein sequence, domain architecture, and exon-intron structures are all well conserved with mouse Ly-6A/Sca-1. Ectopic expression of the LY6A protein in cells demonstrates that it acts the same as mouse Ly-6A/Sca-1 in their processing and glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchoring to the cell membrane. Collectively, these studies unveil a novel human gene encoding a candidate biomarker and provide an interesting model gene for studying gene regulatory and evolutionary mechanisms.
Humans ; Membrane Proteins/genetics* ; Pituitary Neoplasms/genetics* ; Biomarkers

Objective:To investigate the serum level and significance of complement factor B (CFB) and complement factor D (CFD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN).Methods:From October 2019 to October 2020, 110 patients with T2DM in the endocrinology department of Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical College were divided into DPN group ( n=60) and simple T2DM group ( n=50) according to whether or not DPN was combined. In addition, 52 cases of physical examination population in the physical examination center in the same period were selected as the normal control group ( n=52). The serum levels of CFB, CFD and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The correlation between CFB, CFD and clinical indexes was analyzed, and the influencing factors of DPN were analyzed by logistic regression. Results:The serum levels of CFB and CFD in DPN group were higher than those in T2DM group and normal control group [CFB: (845.43±101.10)μg/ml vs (792.19±116.59)μg/ml, (739.20±123.43)μg/ml, P<0.05], [CFD: (491.71±41.03)mg/L vs (467.58±45.16)mg/L, (445.16±50.47)mg/L, P<0. 05]. Pearson correlation analysis showed that the serum level of CFB was positively correlated with glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA 1c), fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and TNF-α (all P<0.05) and negatively correlated with triiodothyronine (FT3) and total bilirubin (TBIL) (all P<0.05). Serum CFD level was positively correlated with systolic blood pressure, HbA 1c, FPG and TNF-α (all P<0.05), but negatively correlated with FT3 and TBIL (all P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that CFB and CFD were still influential factors for the occurrence and development of DPN after excluding confounding factors such as systolic blood pressure, HbA 1c, FPG, FT3, DBIL, TBIL and TNF-α. Conclusions:(1) Serum CFB and CFD levels were significantly increased in DPN patients, suggesting that CFB and CFD may be involved in the occurrence and development of DPN. (2) Serum TNF-α level was significantly increased in DPN patients, confirming the role of TNF-α in the pathogenesis of DPN.

Sodium channel provides a new idea for the study of painful diabetic neuropathy.Based on the research status of sodium channel and painful diabetic neuropathy at home and abroad,five sodium channels with high correlation with diabetic painful neuropathy were selected,and the characteristics of these sodium channels were summarized.The expression status of sodium channel in diabetic painful neuropathy model was summarized,and the role of sodium channel in the pathogenesis of diabetic painful neuropathy was summarized.The relationship between sodium channel and diabetic painful neuropathy was analyzed,as well as the difficulties facing the current research,in order to provide references for the research and application of sodium channel in the treatment of diabetic painful neuropathy.

Objective To establish a time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay (TRFIA) method for detecting M-type phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R) antibody and to investigate the diagnostic value of serum PLA2R antibody for idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN).Methods The microplates coated with recombined PLA2R antigen and Eu3+-streptavidin labeled PLA2R antigen were used to establish a dual-antigen sandwich-type TRFIA for PLA2R antibody detection (anti-PLA2R-TRFIA).The serum concentrations of PLA2R antibody in 63 IMN patients (36 males,27 females,age 25-75 years) and 90 healthy volunteers (30 males,60 females,age 22-53 years) were quantitatively analyzed.Kruskal-Wallis H test and MannWhitney u test were used to analyze the data.Results The range of anti-PLA2R-TRFIA was 0-10 mg/L and the sensitivity was 5 μg/L,while ED20,ED50 and ED80 of the standard curve were (0.144±0.012),(0.707±0.029) and (3.466±0.098) mg/L,respectively.The CV of inter-and intra-assay were 4.7％ and 5.1％,respectively.The average concentration of serum PLA2R antibody in healthy volunteers was 0.455(0.320,0.593) mg/L,but in IMN patients it was 2.690(0.717,7.750) mg/L (z=-3.688,P＜0.05).Meanwhile,the serum levels of PLA2R antibody in IMN patients were significantly different between different stages and ages (x2 values:10.328,9.716,both P＜0.05).According to the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve,when the diagnostic cut-off was set at 0.80 mg/L for IMN detection,the sensitivity and specificity of anti-PLA2R-TRFIA were 73.0％ (46/63) and 95.6％ (86/90),respectively.Conclusions AntiPLA2R-TRFIA has been well established.This quick and easy-performance method could increase the diagnostic accuracy for IMN.

Objective To understand the overall development of TCM technique patent in Guangdong Province through the analysis on the patent application and authorization status of TCM technique patent in Guangdong Province from 2006 to 2015. Methods CNIPR and State Intellectual Property Office platform was searched, and 2006-2015 TCM technique patent application literature in Guangdong Province were obtained, the patent application and authorization status were analyzed. Results The number of application for TCM technique patent in Guangdong Province was 1434 during 2006-2015, and the number of application and authorization rates were increasing. The number of application in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region of Guangdong Province was greater than that of the non-PRD regions, with individual application of 65.9% and enterprise application of 25.9%; A61K36 accounted for 98.7% in TCM technique patent classification statistics. Conclusion The quantity of patent application of TCM technique in Guangdong Province is large, but the number of application of non-individuals, the rate of authorization, technology statistical classification and innovation ability of TCM technique are low.

OBJECTIVETo explore the genetic etiology for fetuses featuring intrauterine growth anomalies using array-based comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH).

METHODSForty-nine fetuses were enrolled in this study. Genomic DNA of the abortive tissues was analyzed with aCGH.

RESULTSFourteen (28.6%) samples were found with chromosomal aberrations, which included 8 chromosomal aneuploidies and 6 micro-aberrations (4 with known clinical pathogenecity and 2 with unknown clinical significance).

CONCLUSIONNumerical and structural chromosomal aberrations underlie a significant proportion of fetal growth anomalies. aCGH has provided an effective method for delineating their genetic cause.

Adult ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Comparative Genomic Hybridization ; methods ; Congenital Abnormalities ; genetics ; DNA Copy Number Variations ; Female ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Diagnosis ; methods

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of transcutaneous acupoint electrical nerve stimulation (TEAS) in treating post-stroke fatigue.Method A total of 80 patients with post-stroke fatigue were randomized into a treatment group and a control group, 40 cases in each group. The control group was intervened by conventional post-stroke treatment, while the treatment group by TEAS in addition to the intervention given to the control group. The treatment was given once a day, 7 d as a treatment course, successively for 2 treatment courses with 1-d interval between the two courses. The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) were observed before and after the treatment.Result After 2 treatment courses, the NIHSS and FSS scores in the treatment group were significantly different from those before the treatment (P<0.05). The NIHSS and FSS scores in the treatment group were significantly different from those in the control group after 2 treatment courses (P<0.05). Conclusion TEAS can effectively alleviate the symptoms of post-stroke fatigue and promote the recovery.