This paper summarizes Professor LIU Fengbin's clinical experience in treating autoimmune liver disease （AILD） using the method of nourishing yin and removing stasis based on stage differentiation. He believes that the pathogenesis of AILD generally involves both deficiency in essence and excess in manifestation， with essence deficiency often presenting as liver and kidney yin deficiency， which may progress to spleen deficiency and yang deficiency over time. The excess manifestation commonly includes qi stagnation， blood stasis， damp-heat， and phlegm toxicity. Clinically， he advocates for the treatment principle of nourishing yin and removing stasis. On the foundation of nourishing liver and kidney yin， different pathological factors causing stasis are eliminated according to their nature. Treatment is also tailored to different stages of AILD. In the early and asymptomatic stages， liver qi stagnation and spleen deficiency are prominent， warranting a therapeutic approach of soothing the liver， regulating qi and strengthening the spleen. The modified Chaishao Qizhi Decoction （柴芍气滞汤） is used. During the symptomatic stage， pathogenic factors become more pronounced， often accompanied by a significant deficiency of vital qi， with damp-heat， water retention， and phlegm toxicity as key pathological features. The treatment should focus on strengthening the spleen and dispelling dampness， using modified Sijunzi Decoction （四君子汤） combined with Yinchen Wuling Powder （茵陈五苓散）. In the liver function decompensation stage， vital qi is severely deficient while pathogenic factors persist， with damp-heat， phlegm toxicity， and blood stasis obstructing the liver collaterals. Treatment should focus on nourishing blood， softening the liver， strengthening the spleen， and resolving stasis， using the modified Ruangan Yangxue Decoction （软肝养血汤）. Throughout the treatment process， emphasis is placed on tonifying the liver and kidneys while protecting yin fluids.

Villitis of unknown etiology (VUE) occurs in up to 15% of term placentas. Patients with VUE exhibit increased incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus, gestational hypertension, and preeclampsia, with demonstrated recurrence risk. VUE contributes to various adverse pregnancy outcomes. Its pathogenesis involves abnormal maternal immune responses against fetal allografts and may relate to unidentified microbial infections. Currently, VUE diagnosis relies exclusively on placental pathological examination. Clinical management remains primarily symptomatic, though immunomodulatory therapies show potential. This review summarizes recent advances in VUE epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical significance, pathological features, and preventive strategies, aiming to enhance clinical understanding of this condition.

Chinese medicine therapy for removing gallstones is one of the methods for the treatment of cholelithiasis.In the view of Professor Liu Fengbin,attacking of external pathogens,improper diet and emotional disorders contribute to the main causes of cholelithiasis,and the pathogenesis of cholelithiasis is due to qi stagnation of both liver and gallbladder,and internal obstruction of damp-heat.The occurrence of cholelithiasis is closely related to deficiency of spleen and stomach,and is correlated with the pathological factors of turbid phlegm and blood stasis.For the Chinese medicine treatment of cholelithiasis,Professor Liu follows the principle of"treatment in accordance with three categories of etiological factors"(i.e,seasons,environment and body constitution).He advocates the integration of traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine,and is good at utilizing Lingnan herbs and distinctive herbs that can dissolve stones and remove stones.The treatment for cholelithiasis is mainly through the therapies of soothing liver and alleviating depression,clearing heat and removing dampness,and normalizing gallbladder function to remove stones,and is also supplemented by the therapies of invigorating spleen and replenishing qi,regulating qi to resolve phlegm,and activiting qi movement and blood circulation.Modified Da Chaihu Decoction plus Sijin Decoction is often used as a basic formula for treating cholelithiasis,which is mainly composed of Desmodii Styracifolii Herba,Galli Gigerii Endothelium Corneum,Bupleuri Radix,Curcumae Radix,Scutellariae Radix,Aucklandiae Radix,Aurantii Fructus Immaturus stir-fried with bran,Paeoniae Radix Rubra,Linderae Radix,and Rhei Radix et Rhizoma.

Professor Liu Fengbin,a renowned traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)expert in Guangdong Province,specializes in treating digestive system disorders of hepatobiliary and splenic diseases with Chinese herbal medicine,and has accumulated extensive experience in intervening viral hepatitis type B and hepatitis B-related liver fibrosis.Professor Liu proposes that dampness,heat,stasis,toxin,and deficiency are the primary pathogenic factors of hepatitis B-related liver fibrosis.The disease is rooted in the liver,and is also closely related to the spleen and kidney and involves the gallbladder,stomach,and triple energizer.Based on TCM dialectical thinking and years of clinical practice,Professor Liu summarized the"eight methods for treating liver diseases"for intervening hepatitis B-related liver fibrosis with Chinese medicine,i.e.,method of activating the spleen and stomach,method of clearing heat and dispelling dampness,method of dispelling dampness and resolving turbidity,method of enriching yin and subduing fire,method of warming yang and tonifying the kidney,method of softening the liver and nourishing blood,method of activating blood circulation and softening hardness,and method of calming the mind and improving sleep.In clinical practice,these methods are flexibly combined based on patients'syndrome types and manifestations.Moreover,Professor Liu is skilled in using herbal groups having Lingnan medicinal characteristics,such as herbal group for clearing heat and removing toxin,and draining dampness to relieve jaundice which is composed of Mallotus Apelta Radix et Rhizoma,Abri Herba and Phyllanthi Urinariae Herba,herbal group for promoting digestion to remove food retention which is composed of Fermentum Rubrum,Crataegi Fructus and Hordei Fructus Germinatus,herbal group for removing blood and eliminating mass group which is composed of vinegar-processed Curcumae Rhizoma,vinegar-processed Trionycis Carapax and Eupolyphaga Steleophaga,and herbal group for protecting liver and lowering enzyme which is composed of Hoveniae Semen and Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus.Professor Liu's medication experience for intervening hepatitis B-related liver fibrosis will provide valuable references for TCM clinical practice in the management of liver diseases.

Objective:To analyze the influences of coronary angiography(CAG)of transradial artery on the success rate,radiation dose and safety in elderly patients with coronary heart disease(CHD).Methods:This study conducted a prospective study.A total of 150 elderly CHD patients who admitted to Heilongjiang Rad Cross Sengong General Hospital from November 2022 to November 2023 were selected,and they were randomly divided into three groups using a random number table,which included the femoral artery group(n=50),radial artery group(n=50),and ulnar artery group(n=50).The femoral artery group underwent CAG by using the femoral artery approach,and the radial artery group underwent CAG by using the radial artery approach,and the ulnar artery group underwent CAG by using the ulnar artery approach.The CAG success rate and CAG indicators[dosage of contrast agent,X-ray exposure time,time of conducting puncture,corrected TIMI frame count(CTFC)]were compared among the three groups.The radiation-related parameters[cumulative dose(CD),dose-area product(DAP)]also were compared among three groups.The patients'comfort degrees of three groups were assessed by adopting General Comfort Questionnaire(GCQ)at three time points(pre-CAG,during CAG,at the 12th hour post-CAG).In addition,the complications of three groups were recorded.Results:The numbers of success angiography were respectively 47 cases,48 cases and 46 cases in femoral artery group,radial artery group and ulnar artery group,and the success rates of them were respectively 94.00%(47/50),96.00%(48/50)and 92.00%(46/50),without statistically significant differences among three groups(P>0.05).There were not significant differences in the dosage of contrast agent,X-ray exposure time,time of conducting puncture,CTFC,CD and DAP among three groups(P>0.05).In the GCQ scores,the scores pre-CAG of all three groups were highest,followed by those at the 12th hour post-CAG,and then,those during CAG were lowest,which appeared a trend of rise after decline.The total incidence of complication was lowest(6.25%)in the radial artery group,followed by the ulnar artery group(10.87%),and that(21.28%)of the femoral artery group was the highest,but there was not statistically significant difference in that among three groups(P>0.05).Conclusion:The CAG success rates of the radial artery,femoral artery and ulnar artery are similar,and there is not significant difference in radiation dose.However,compared with CAG of femoral artery and ulnar artery,the CAG of radial artery has higher safety,and higher comfort degree at the same time.

The clinical characteristics of a neonatal patient with movement disorder and arthrogryposis (NDEEMA) caused by gain-of-function mutation of the SCN1A gene were reported in this article. The 1-year-and-9-month-old boy started seizures since 2 hours after birth. He had funnel-breast, dislocation of the hip, and bipedal varus. Genetic testing showed SCN1A gene de novo missense mutation c.706A>G(p.Ile236Val), causing overall gain-of-function effect. The frequency of seizures decreased significantly after treatment of oxcarbazepine.

Objective:To analyze the influences of coronary angiography(CAG)of transradial artery on the success rate,radiation dose and safety in elderly patients with coronary heart disease(CHD).Methods:This study conducted a prospective study.A total of 150 elderly CHD patients who admitted to Heilongjiang Rad Cross Sengong General Hospital from November 2022 to November 2023 were selected,and they were randomly divided into three groups using a random number table,which included the femoral artery group(n=50),radial artery group(n=50),and ulnar artery group(n=50).The femoral artery group underwent CAG by using the femoral artery approach,and the radial artery group underwent CAG by using the radial artery approach,and the ulnar artery group underwent CAG by using the ulnar artery approach.The CAG success rate and CAG indicators[dosage of contrast agent,X-ray exposure time,time of conducting puncture,corrected TIMI frame count(CTFC)]were compared among the three groups.The radiation-related parameters[cumulative dose(CD),dose-area product(DAP)]also were compared among three groups.The patients'comfort degrees of three groups were assessed by adopting General Comfort Questionnaire(GCQ)at three time points(pre-CAG,during CAG,at the 12th hour post-CAG).In addition,the complications of three groups were recorded.Results:The numbers of success angiography were respectively 47 cases,48 cases and 46 cases in femoral artery group,radial artery group and ulnar artery group,and the success rates of them were respectively 94.00%(47/50),96.00%(48/50)and 92.00%(46/50),without statistically significant differences among three groups(P>0.05).There were not significant differences in the dosage of contrast agent,X-ray exposure time,time of conducting puncture,CTFC,CD and DAP among three groups(P>0.05).In the GCQ scores,the scores pre-CAG of all three groups were highest,followed by those at the 12th hour post-CAG,and then,those during CAG were lowest,which appeared a trend of rise after decline.The total incidence of complication was lowest(6.25%)in the radial artery group,followed by the ulnar artery group(10.87%),and that(21.28%)of the femoral artery group was the highest,but there was not statistically significant difference in that among three groups(P>0.05).Conclusion:The CAG success rates of the radial artery,femoral artery and ulnar artery are similar,and there is not significant difference in radiation dose.However,compared with CAG of femoral artery and ulnar artery,the CAG of radial artery has higher safety,and higher comfort degree at the same time.

The clinical characteristics of a neonatal patient with movement disorder and arthrogryposis (NDEEMA) caused by gain-of-function mutation of the SCN1A gene were reported in this article. The 1-year-and-9-month-old boy started seizures since 2 hours after birth. He had funnel-breast, dislocation of the hip, and bipedal varus. Genetic testing showed SCN1A gene de novo missense mutation c.706A>G(p.Ile236Val), causing overall gain-of-function effect. The frequency of seizures decreased significantly after treatment of oxcarbazepine.

Villitis of unknown etiology (VUE) occurs in up to 15% of term placentas. Patients with VUE exhibit increased incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus, gestational hypertension, and preeclampsia, with demonstrated recurrence risk. VUE contributes to various adverse pregnancy outcomes. Its pathogenesis involves abnormal maternal immune responses against fetal allografts and may relate to unidentified microbial infections. Currently, VUE diagnosis relies exclusively on placental pathological examination. Clinical management remains primarily symptomatic, though immunomodulatory therapies show potential. This review summarizes recent advances in VUE epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical significance, pathological features, and preventive strategies, aiming to enhance clinical understanding of this condition.

Background/Aims: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) has become an increasingly important health challenge, with a substantial rise linked to changing lifestyles and global obesity. Ursolic acid, a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid, has been explored for its potential therapeutic effects. Given its multifunctional bioactive properties, this research further revealed the pharmacological mechanisms of ursolic acid on MASLD. Methods: Drug target chips and bioinformatics analysis were combined in this study to explore the potential therapeutic effects of ursolic acid on MASLD. Molecular docking simulations, surface plasmon resonance analyses, pull-down experiments, and co-immunoprecipitation assays were used to verify the direct interactions. Gene knockdown mice were generated, and high-fat diets were used to validate drug efficacy. Furthermore, initial CD4+ T cells were isolated and stimulated to demonstrate our findings. Results: In this study, the multifunctional extracellular matrix phosphorylated glycoprotein secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1) was investigated, highlighting its capability to induce Th17 cell differentiation, amplifying inflammatory cascades, and subsequently promoting the evolution of MASLD. In addition, this study revealed that in addition to the canonical TGF-β/IL-6 cytokine pathway, SPP1 can directly interact with ITGB1 and CD44, orchestrating Th17 cell differentiation via their joint downstream ERK signaling pathway. Remarkably, ursolic acid intervention notably suppressed the protein activity of SPP1, suggesting a promising avenue for ameliorating the immunoinflammatory trajectory in MASLD progression. Conclusions Ursolic acid could improve immune inflammation in MASLD by modulating SPP1-mediated Th17 cell differentiation via the ERK signaling pathway, which is orchestrated jointly by ITGB1 and CD44, emerging as a linchpin in this molecular cascade.