AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of 0.05% cyclosporine eye drops in promoting ocular surface recovery following pterygium excision combined with autologous corneal limbal stem cell transplantation.METHODS:This study is a prospective randomized controlled trial, selecting 104 cases(104 eyes)of primary pterygium with monocular onset admitted to Baoding First Central Hospital from September 2023 to September 2024 as the initial sample. The patients were divided into an experimental group and a control group using a random number table method, with 52 eyes in each group. Both groups underwent pterygium excision and autologous corneal limbal stem cell transplantation performed by the same surgeon. The control group received tobramycin dexamethasone eye drops combined with 0.3% sodium hyaluronate eye drops, while the experimental group was additionally treated with 0.05% cyclosporine eye drops. The corneal epithelial repair status, ocular surface function [corneal fluorescein staining(FL)score, Schirmer I test(SIt), break-up time of tear film(BUT)] at preoperative and postoperative time points(1 and 3 mo), and dry eye symptoms [ocular surface disease index(OSDI), standard patient evaluation of eye dryness(SPEED)scores]. Additionally, the recurrence rate and postoperative complications were recorded.RESULTS: During the follow-up period, there was 1 case of loss to follow-up in both the experimental group and the control group, with lost to follow-up rate of 1.9%. Finally, 51 cases in each group completed all followed-up. No statistically significant difference was observed in preoperative general characteristics of patients between the two groups(P>0.05), and there was no statistically significant difference in corneal epithelial repair time or suture removal time(all P>0.05). At 1 mo postoperatively, the SIt and BUT decreased in both groups compared to preoperative levels, with the experimental group showing higher values than the control group(all P<0.05). FL scores increased compared to preoperative levels but were lower in the experimental group(all P<0.05). By 3 mo, the SIt, BUT and FL score of the control group were not statistically different from preoperative levels(all P>0.05), whereas the experimental group showed increased SIt and BUT, which were higher than the control group, and reduced FL scores, and decreased FL scores, which was lower than the control group(all P<0.05). At 3 mo postoperatively, both groups showed increased SIt and BUT compared to 1-month values, with the experimental group outperforming the control group(all P<0.05). FL scores decreased in both groups compared to 1-month values, with the experimental group maintaining lower scores(P<0.05). At 1 mo postoperatively, OSDI and SPEED scores were higher than preoperative levels, with the experimental group higher than the control group(all P<0.05); at 3 mo postoperatively, the scores returned to preoperative level(all P>0.05), and the OSDI and SPEED scores of the control group increased and higher than those of the experiment group(all P<0.05); at 3 mo postoperatively, the OSDI and SPEED scores decreased when compared with 1-month preoperative level, and the experiment group was lower than the control group(all P<0.05). There was no difference in the total incidence of postoperative complications between the two groups(P>0.05). According to the statistics of 6 mo follow-up after operation, there was no recurrence in the experimental group, and the recurrence rate was 11.8% in the control group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Adjunctive use of 0.05% cyclosporine eye drops after pterygium excision with limbal stem cell transplantation enhances ocular surface recovery, reduces dry eye symptoms, and lowers recurrence rates without compromising corneal epithelial healing or safety.

Despite therapy with potent antiviral agents, chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients remain at high risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). While metabolites have been rediscovered as active drivers of biological processes including carcinogenesis, the specific metabolites modulating HCC risk in CHB patients are largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that baseline plasma from CHB patients who later developed HCC during follow-up exhibits growth-promoting properties in a case-control design nested within a large-scale, prospective cohort. Metabolomics analysis reveals a reduction in long-chain acylcarnitines (LCACs) in the baseline plasma of patients with HCC development. LCACs preferentially inhibit the proliferation of HCC cells in vitro at a physiological concentration and prevent the occurrence of HCC in vivo without hepatorenal toxicity. Uptake and metabolism of circulating LCACs increase the intracellular level of acetyl coenzyme A, which upregulates histone H3 Lys14 acetylation at the promoter region of KLF6 gene and thereby activates KLF6/p21 pathway. Indeed, blocking LCAC metabolism attenuates the difference in KLF6/p21 expression induced by baseline plasma of HCC/non-HCC patients. The deficiency of circulating LCACs represents a driver of HCC in CHB patients with viral control. These insights provide a promising direction for developing therapeutic strategies to reduce HCC risk further in the antiviral era.

Ferroptosis is a unique regulated form of cell death that is distinct from apoptosis, necrosis, and other well-characterized regulated cell death types, and plays an important role in the occurrence and development of chronic metabolic diseases, including diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Recently, increasing evidence has supported traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) as a new hot spot for the treatment of chronic metabolic diseases by mediating ferroptosis. Unfortunately, few systematic reviews have described the importance of TCM in treating chronic metabolic diseases through the ferroptosis pathway. In the current review, the mechanism of ferroptosis and the roles of ferroptosis in chronic metabolic diseases are summarized. Additionally, this review illustrates that the regulation of ferroptosis by TCM could be an effective approach for treating chronic metabolic diseases based on experimental evidence and clinical application. In summary, this work will improve the understanding of ferroptosis and the ability of TCM to regulate ferroptosis in chronic metabolic diseases, thereby promoting the development and application of natural TCM.

Objective:To assess the application value of one-hour post-load glucose (1hPG) for detecting prediabetes among individuals with high risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods:The study was conducted between August 2023 and January 2024, and individuals with a high risk of T2DM were invited to receive an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), structural questionnaires, physical measurements, and other biochemical examinations. The fasting, one-, and two-hour glucose and insulin were tested. According to the 1hPG cut point on hyperglycemia suggested by International Diabetes Federation (IDF), normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and prediabetes were further divided into two subgroups, respectively, i.e., NGT with 1hPG<8.6 mmol/L (NGT-1hPG-normal), NGT with 1hPG≥8.6 mmol/L (NGT-1hPG-high), prediabetes with 1hPG<8.6 mmol/L (PDM-1hPG-normal), and prediabetes with 1hPG≥8.6 mmol/L (PDM-1hPG-high). The insulin release curve was drawn by the groups as above. Insulin resistance was evaluated by homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and β-cell secretory function was evaluated by homeostasis model assessment for β cell function (HOMA-β)/HOMA-IR. Spearman rank correlation analysis was used to calculate the correlation coefficients among 1hPG, 2hPG and HOMA indices, and Steiger′s Z test was used to compare the difference between two correlation coefficients. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves and area under the curve (AUC) were used to assess the accuracy of 1hPG for detecting prediabetes. Results:A total of 2 469 subjects consisting of 1 485 men (60.1%) and 984 (39.9%) women, with a mean age of (45.76±6.20) years, of which 1 844 (74.7%) had 1hPG≥8.6 mmol/L. The prevalence of 1hPG≥8.6 mmol/L was 46.8%, 93.0% and 99.8% in individuals with NGT, prediabetes and newly diagnosed T2DM, respectively ( χ 2=763.78, P<0.001). The insulin release curve showed that insulin secretion increased rapidly in subjects with NGT-1hPG-high, and peaked at one hour, then decreased rapidly, with a significantly higher level of one- and two-hour insulin than those with NGT-1hPG-normal ( P<0.001). Compared to individuals with NGT-1hPG-normal, the counterparts with NGT-1hPG-high exhibited higher HOMA-IR and lower adjusted HOMA-β ( P<0.001). Spearman rank correlation analysis showed that the correlation coefficient of 1hPG with HOMA-IR was similar to the correlation coefficient of 2hPG with HOMA-IR (0.493 vs. 0.480, P=0.550), while the correlation of 1hPG with adjusted HOMA-β was significantly stronger than that of 2hPG (-0.692 vs. -0.587, P<0.001). Excluding patients with T2DM, according to the cut point recommended by IDF, the AUC of 1hPG≥8.6 mmol/L for detecting prediabetes was 0.731 (95% CI: 0.714-0.748), and the sensitivity and specificity were 0.930 and 0.532, respectively, with the kappa value of 0.45. Conclusion:1hPG is closely related to insulin resistance and islet function, and there′s substantial value for individuals with a high risk of T2DM to detect prediabetes by using the 1hPG cut points recommended by IDF.

The clinical characteristics of a neonatal patient with movement disorder and arthrogryposis (NDEEMA) caused by gain-of-function mutation of the SCN1A gene were reported in this article. The 1-year-and-9-month-old boy started seizures since 2 hours after birth. He had funnel-breast, dislocation of the hip, and bipedal varus. Genetic testing showed SCN1A gene de novo missense mutation c.706A>G(p.Ile236Val), causing overall gain-of-function effect. The frequency of seizures decreased significantly after treatment of oxcarbazepine.

The 20 th Chinese Conference on Burns and Wound Repair was successfully held in Chengdu, the lotus city from June 12 th to 14 th, 2025. Themed "Interdisciplinary, Cutting-edge Innovation, and Excellence", this conference featured a main venue and five parallel sessions. Over the three-day event, participants engaged in in-depth discussions and exchanges focusing on acute and chronic wound repair, scar prevention and reconstruction, critical burn treatment, rehabilitation, and nursing care. The conference showcased the latest advancements in burn and wound repair medicine, injecting new momentum into the discipline's development.

Climate change has emerged as a focal point of global concern in the 21st century.This paper systema-tically summarizes the direct and indirect impacts of climate change on human health,including directly causing hu-man death and disability in the form of disasters,and increasing the risk of climate-sensitive diseases,including chronic non-infectious diseases,infectious diseases,mental and psychological problems,as well as allergic diseases and malnutrition through changes in temperature and humidity,air pollution,as well as changes in the geographical distribution of disease vectors.Based on these,within the global governance framework,this paper focuses on the challenges faced by medical institutions in the field of infection prevention and control,and explores in depth infec-tion control response strategies from five aspects,so as to provide reference for further enhancing the climate resi-lience capacity of the medical system and safeguarding public health.

Objective To investigate the influence of herbal compatibility on the chemical composition of Banxia Houpo Decoction(BHD)using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS)coupled with multivariate statistical analysis,and to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of key differential components against neuroinflammation and neuronal injury using cellular models.Methods(1)UPLC-MS analysis of chemical constituents in co-decoction and separated decoction(individual herbs decocted separately then combined)of Banxia Houpo Decoction,followed by orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA)to identify differential components before and after herbal compatibility(2)BV2 microglia were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide(LPS)to establish a neuroinflammation model.Cell viability was assessed using the Cell Counting Kit 8(CCK-8)assay.Nitric oxide(NO)levels were measured by the Griess method,while TNF-α and IL-1β concentrations were quantified via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).(3)SH-SY5Y neuronal cells were co-cultured with conditioned medium from LPS-stimulated BV2 cells(LPS-CM)to model neuronal injury.Cell viability was evaluated using the CCK-8 assay.Results UPLC-MS/OPLS-DA identified 11 differential components between compatibility methods,with honokiol and magnolol showing significant post-compatibility increases.In the neuroinflammation model,LPS stimulation elevated NO,TNF-α and IL-1 β levels in BV2 cells,which were suppressed by 5,10 μg/mL honokiol or magnolol.In the neuronal injury model,LPS-CM induced SH-SY5Y apoptosis,while 5,10 μg/mL honokiol or magnolol attenuated this damage.Conclusion Herbal compatibility significantly enhances honokiol and magnolol content in BHD.These components inhibit microglial inflammatory responses and neuronal apoptosis,suggesting their role as primary active constituents mediating BHD's neuroprotective effects.

Villitis of unknown etiology (VUE) occurs in up to 15% of term placentas. Patients with VUE exhibit increased incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus, gestational hypertension, and preeclampsia, with demonstrated recurrence risk. VUE contributes to various adverse pregnancy outcomes. Its pathogenesis involves abnormal maternal immune responses against fetal allografts and may relate to unidentified microbial infections. Currently, VUE diagnosis relies exclusively on placental pathological examination. Clinical management remains primarily symptomatic, though immunomodulatory therapies show potential. This review summarizes recent advances in VUE epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical significance, pathological features, and preventive strategies, aiming to enhance clinical understanding of this condition.

Objective:By systematically evaluate the implementation of GBZ 2.1, so as to provide technical basis for the future revisions of this standard.Methods:From May to October 2023, Based on the pre survey questionnaire, the semi-structured interview method was used to interviews with experts from CDC, Occupational disease prevention and control hospital institutes, employers, occupational hygiene technical service intermediaries and universities, and the inductive method was used to extract the topics and relevant suggestions.Results:Generally, GBZ 2.1 is scientific, practical, progressiveness and operable. There are still some issues such as OELs overlapping and the correspondence between Chinese and English names. The outstanding problem is the coordination with other standard contents.Conclusion:The technical indicators in GBZ 2.1 could adapt to the needs of current practical work. The coordination between standards needs to be clarified, and the new recommended content needs further promotion and exploration on how to implement it.