Objective To investigate the sputum metabolic profiles of patients with occupational coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP) by an untargeted metabolomics method, and to identify relevant differential metabolic pathways and potential biomarkers. Methods A total of 12 male patients with stage Ⅰ CWP were selected as the CWP group, and 16 healthy male individuals were selected as the control group, using a judgmental sampling method. Sputum metabolites of individuals in both groups were detected to perform non-targeted metabolomic analysis using the ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Differential metabolites (DMs) and their pathways were screened using principal component analysis, partial least squares discriminant analysis, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis. Potential biomarkers were analyzed and identified via the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC). Results There were apparent metabolic alterations observed in sputum of CWP patients compared with healthy controls. In the positive ion mode, a total of 42 DMs were identified in sputum from CWP patients, including 19 downregulated and 23 upregulated metabolites. In the negative ion mode, a total of 25 DMs were identified in sputum from CWP patients, including 16 downregulated and 9 upregulated metabolites. KEGG enrichment analysis of sputum from CWP patients showed that seven DMs pathways were enriched in ABC transporters, histidine metabolism, phenylalanine metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism, linoleic acid metabolism, purine metabolism, and oxidative phosphorylation, involving 26 DMs. ROC analysis indicated that 16(R)-hydroxyarachidonic acid, pyrophosphate, and 2-hydroxyphenylacetate of these 26 DMs may serve as potential biomarkers for CWP. Conclusion Sputum metabolomic profiles were altered in CWP patients compared with healthy controls. The potential biomarkers of CWP prevention and treatment are 16(R)-hydroxyarachidonic acid, pyrophosphate, and 2-hydroxyphenylacetate.

Objective:To establish a method for the rapid detection of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) by recombinase-aid amplification (RAA) combined with Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas12a system.Methods:Clinical samples of suspected herpes zoster in Shandong province and Shanghai from 2023 to 2024 were collected, nucleic acids of positive samples were extracted, RAA-specific primers and crRNA (CRISPR RNA, crRNA) were designed for the conserved region of VZV, and the fluorescence intensity generated by Cas12a non-specific cleavage of single-stranded fluorescent probes was used to screen highly sensitive crRNAs and optimize the concentrations of crRNA, Cas12a and ssDNA probes. The sensitivity and reproducibility of the RAA-CRISPR/Cas12a detection method were evaluated by using synthesized plasmids and clinical samples, and the specificity of the method was evaluated by using other viral nucleic acids. The method was used to detect clinical samples by using the method and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) method, and the detection rate and consistency of the two method were compared.Results:The highly sensitive crRNA-4 was screened from the four crRNAs designed, and a VZV detection method for RAA-CRISPR/CAS12a based on fluorescence intensity measurement was established, which could be detected at 37℃ in 45 min, and the sensitivity of the detection could reach 10 copies/μL, a minimum clinical sample with a Ct value of 38.980 can be detected. It has high specificity and no cross-reactivity with Adenovirus 7, Herpes simplex virus type I, Herpes simplex virus type II, Coxsackieviruses A16, Cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, Measles virus, Mumps virus, Enterovirus 71, Japanese encephalitis virus genotype 5. It has good stability, and can be successfully detected in low, medium and high concentrations of viral positive plasmids with good consistency. The detection rate of the clinically positive samples was 100%, which was completely consistent with the qPCR test result.Conclusions:RAA isothermal amplification technology combined with CRISPR-CAS12a technology was used to establish an accurate method for the detection of VZV virus, which was highly sensitive, specific, and had low requirements for experimental conditions, and could be completed within 45 min, which could provide strong technical support for the early detection of VZV.

Objective:To establish a method for the rapid detection of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) by recombinase-aid amplification (RAA) combined with Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas12a system.Methods:Clinical samples of suspected herpes zoster in Shandong province and Shanghai from 2023 to 2024 were collected, nucleic acids of positive samples were extracted, RAA-specific primers and crRNA (CRISPR RNA, crRNA) were designed for the conserved region of VZV, and the fluorescence intensity generated by Cas12a non-specific cleavage of single-stranded fluorescent probes was used to screen highly sensitive crRNAs and optimize the concentrations of crRNA, Cas12a and ssDNA probes. The sensitivity and reproducibility of the RAA-CRISPR/Cas12a detection method were evaluated by using synthesized plasmids and clinical samples, and the specificity of the method was evaluated by using other viral nucleic acids. The method was used to detect clinical samples by using the method and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) method, and the detection rate and consistency of the two method were compared.Results:The highly sensitive crRNA-4 was screened from the four crRNAs designed, and a VZV detection method for RAA-CRISPR/CAS12a based on fluorescence intensity measurement was established, which could be detected at 37℃ in 45 min, and the sensitivity of the detection could reach 10 copies/μL, a minimum clinical sample with a Ct value of 38.980 can be detected. It has high specificity and no cross-reactivity with Adenovirus 7, Herpes simplex virus type I, Herpes simplex virus type II, Coxsackieviruses A16, Cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, Measles virus, Mumps virus, Enterovirus 71, Japanese encephalitis virus genotype 5. It has good stability, and can be successfully detected in low, medium and high concentrations of viral positive plasmids with good consistency. The detection rate of the clinically positive samples was 100%, which was completely consistent with the qPCR test result.Conclusions:RAA isothermal amplification technology combined with CRISPR-CAS12a technology was used to establish an accurate method for the detection of VZV virus, which was highly sensitive, specific, and had low requirements for experimental conditions, and could be completed within 45 min, which could provide strong technical support for the early detection of VZV.

Objective To explore the relationship between blood uric acid levels and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with type H hypertension.Methods The clinical data of 284 patients with type H hyper-tension admitted to the Cardiovascular Department,Xianyang Hospital,Yan'an University in 2022 were collected and retrospectively reviewed.The patients were divided into NAFLD group(n=88)and normal group(n=196)according to whether they had NAFLD.The general information and laboratory indicators were compared between the two groups.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to explore the influencing factors of NAFLD in H-type hypertension patients.The draw ROC curves were plotted to observe the role of SUA in predicting NAFLD and select the optimal cutoff value based on the maximum Youden index.Results The NAFLD group demonstrated higher levels in body mass index,systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure,total cholesterol,triglycerides,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,SUA,γ-Glutamyl transpeptidase and alanine aminotransferase compared to the normal group,but significantly lower levels at age and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(P＜0.05).The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that elevated levels of BMI(OR=1.173,95%CI:1.066～1.291),SUA(OR=1.005,95%CI:1.001～1.010),and TG(OR=1.929,95%CI:1.042～3.574)were risk factors for NAFLD in patients with type H hypertension(P＜0.05).The ROC curves showed that the area under the curve(AUC)of SUA,TG,BMI,and their combination were 0.709,0.707,0.750,and 0.796,respectively.Conclusion type H hypertensive NAFLD patients have high levels of BMI,SUA,TG compared to non-NAFLD patients.Elevated SUA is a risk factor for type H hypertensive NAFLD patients,with SUA＞337 μmol/L as a significant value for predicting NAFLD.

Objective:To explore the chain mediation effects of psychological resilience and fear of falling on family function and rehabilitation exercise adherence among stroke patients of different genders.Methods:Totally 298 stroke patients from Xinxiang Central Hospital between January and December 2023 were selected by convenience sampling. Participants were assessed using the Family Assessment Device (FAD), Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), Fear of Falling Questionnaire-Reversed (FFQ-R), and Exercise Adherence Questionnaire (EAQ). The SPSS PROCESS macro was utilized to test the chain mediation effects.Results:Male stroke patients had higher total FAD scores, communication, and family role dimension scores, total CD-RISC scores, resilience and self-reliance dimension scores, and EAQ scores, including adherence to physical exercise and exercise supervision, compared to female patients ( P<0.05). However, female patients scored higher in emotional response and emotional involvement dimensions of FAD, total FFQ-R, and all dimensions of FFQ-R, as well as adherence to seeking timely advice of EAQ ( P<0.05). Mediation analysis showed that in male stroke patients, family function had no significant direct effect on rehabilitation exercise adherence (95% CI: -0.055 - 0.096), with psychological resilience and fear of falling playing a fully mediating role; the total mediation effect was 0.113, accounting for 84.96% of the total effect. In female stroke patients, family function had a significant direct effect on rehabilitation exercise adherence, with an effect of 0.110, accounting for 42.80% of the total effect. In addition, psychological resilience and fear of falling partially mediated the relationship between family function and rehabilitation exercise adherence, with a total mediation effect of 0.147, accounting for 57.20% of the total effect. Conclusions:The levels of family function, psychological resilience, fear of falling, and rehabilitation exercise adherence, as well as the mechanisms linking these factors, differ by gender in stroke patients. In male stroke patients, psychological resilience and fear of falling fully mediate the relationship between family function and rehabilitation exercise adherence. In female stroke patients, family function influences rehabilitation exercise adherence through both direct effects and the partial mediating effects of psychological resilience and fear of falling.

ObjectiveTo observe the effect of Coptidis Rhizoma and Ophiopogonis Radix on renal tissue injury and epidermal growth factor receptor （EGFR）/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase （PI3K）/protein kinase B （Akt） signaling pathway in rats with diabetic nephropathy （DN） and explore its possible mechanism of delaying DN. MethodThirty-six male Wistar rats were randomly divided into a normal group （6 rats） and a model group （30 rats）. The model group was fed with a high-fat and high-sugar diet combined with streptozotocin （STZ） to establish a rat model of type 2 diabetes. After the successful preparation of the model， the rats were randomly divided into the model group， low， medium， and high dose groups of Coptidis Rhizoma and Ophiopogonis Radix （100， 200， 400 mg·kg^-1）， and metformin group （200 mg·kg^-1）. After administration， the levels of fasting blood glucose （FBG）， 24 h urine protein （24 h-UTP）， creatinine （SCr）， urea nitrogen （BUN）， and uric acid （UA） were detected. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining and Masson staining were used to observe the pathological changes of renal tissue in rats. Western blot and Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） were used to detect the related protein expression of EGFR， PI3K， and Akt and their mRNA expression levels in the renal tissue of rats in each group. ResultsCompared with the normal group， the levels of FBG， SCr， BUN， UA， 24 h-UTP， and kidney index in the model group were significantly increased （P<0.01）， most renal tubular epithelial cells were necrotic， and the content of collagen in glomeruli was significantly increased （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the above indexes of rats in each administration group were improved to varying degrees. The FBG， SCr， BUN， UA， 24 h-UTP， and kidney index of rats in each dose group and metformin group were significantly decreased （P<0.01， P<0.05）. The necrosis degree of renal tubular epithelial cells was reduced， and the fibrosis area was decreased （P<0.01）. There related protein and mRNA expressions of EGFR， PI3K， and Akt were significantly increased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionCoptidis Rhizoma and Ophiopogonis Radix can alleviate renal tissue injury in rats with DN， and their mechanism may be related to the regulation of the EGFR/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.

Objective:To explore the effect of mind mapping based on evidence-based theme in health education of patients undergoing thoracentesis and drainage.Methods:From September 2020 to December 2021, 78 patients with pleural effusion and thoracentesis drainage diagnosed by infection in Beijing Chaoyang Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University were selected by convenience sampling as the research object. The patients from September 2020 to March 2021 were set as the control group, and the patients from May to December 2021 were set as the observation group, with 39 cases each. The control group was given traditional health education, while the observation group received evidence-based health education with mind mapping. The health education knowledge examination score, self-care ability, adverse event rate and nursing satisfaction were compared between the two groups.Results:The scores of health education knowledge examination in the observation group were higher than those in the control group before , 24 hours after catheterization and before decannulation, with statistically significant differences ( P<0.01) . The total score and each dimension score of self-care ability in the observation group were higher than those in the control group, with statistically significant differences ( P<0.01) . The incidence of adverse events in the observation group was lower than that in the control group, and the score of Nursing Satisfaction Questionnaire was higher than that in the control group, with statistical differences ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:The mind mapping on the basis of evidence-based themes can effectively improve patients' health education knowledge and self-care ability, reduce the incidence of adverse events, and increase nursing satisfaction.

Objective:To investigate the changes in the morphology, structure and function of the bladders and their effects on the upper urinary tract dilatation(UUTD) after lumbosacral nerve transecting in rats.Methods:A total of 45 female SD rats were included, randomly divided into 3 groups with 15 rats in each group. Two groups were performed bilateral lumbar 6(L6) and cauda equina nerve shearing to establish neurogenic bladder(NB) model, which were nerve transected for 4 weeks(NB-4W) group and nerve transected for 12 weeks(NB-12W) group. Another group was performed bilateral L6 nerves and cauda equine exposing but not transecting, which was sham-operation (Sham) group. Cystometry and renal ultrasound examination were performed and rats in each group were killed to collect the kidney and bladder tissues in NB-4W group at 4 weeks, in Sham group and NB-12W group at 12 weeks after operation. HE, Masson staining, immunohistochemical staining and western blot were used to detect histological changes, expression of transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1) and α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA).Results:All rats in NB-4W and NB-12W group showed acontractile detrusor. In the NB-4W and NB-12W group, the maximum cystometric capacity [(5.84±0.33) ml and (3.13±0.35) ml], the detrusor leak point pressure [(25.41±0.86) cm H 2O and (27.36±2.04) cm H 2O] (1 cm H 2O = 0.098 kPa), were significantly higher than those in the Sham group [(0.98±0.14) ml, (7.13±0.90) cm H 2O, both P<0.05]. Compliance in NB-4W group [(0.28±0.21) ml/cm H 2O] and NB-12W group [(0.17±0.12) ml/cm H 2O] were significantly lower than that of the Sham group [(0.34±0.26) ml/cm H 2O], and the compliance of NB-12W group was lower than that of NB-4W group significantly (all P<0.05). HE staining of the bladder showed that the inflammatory cell infiltration was obvious in the NB-4W and NB-12W group. Bladder collagen volume fractions in NB-4W group [(30.5±1.5) %] and NB-12W group [(45.2±3.8) %] were both higher than that of Sham group [(20.7±2.2) %, both P<0.05]. The expression of TGF-β1 and α-SMA in the bladder tissue of NB-4W group were higher than those of sham group, and that of NB-12W group were higher than NB-4W group. In NB-4W group and NB-12W group, 3 (20.0 %) and 7 (46.7 %) rats were found hydronephrosis, respectively. Additionally, HE staining showed that the degree of renal tubule injury and the number of inflammatory cell infiltration in the NB-4W and NB-12W group were higher than those in the Sham group. Masson staining showed that the volume fraction of collagen in kidneys of NB-4W and NB-12W group were (13.1±1.4) % and (21.6±1.9) %, respectively, which were significantly higher than that in sham operation group [(4.6±0.7) %, both P<0.05]. Conclusions:Bilateral L6 + cauda equina nerve transecting can induce NB with hydronephrosis in parts of rats. The degree of bladder fibrosis gradually increased with the time of nerve transection, and the incidence and severity of UUTD also increased with the time of nerve transection.

Objective:The study was planned to evaluate the clinical utility of microcytic anemia factor (MAF) and low hemoglobin density (LHD%) in the screening of iron deficiency in blood donors.Methods:A total of 400 blood donors, 200 male and 200 female, were randomly admitted to Fujian Blood Center from January1, 2022 to February 28, 2022 by the way of stratified sampling. According to the fourth edition of Diagnostic and therapeutic criteria for hematological diseases, the patients were divided into three groups: normal group (N=299), iron depletion group (ID, n=54) and iron deficient erythropoiesis group (IDE, n=47), Blood routine indexes including hemoglobin (HGB), mean corpuscular volume hemoglobin (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin content (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and iron metabolism indexes including serum ferritin (SF), serum iron (SI), total iron binding capacity (TIBC), transferrin saturation (TS) and unsaturated iron binding capacity (UIBC) were measured, MAF and LHD% were calculated by formula.One-way ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis H tests were used to analyze the differences among three groups. Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between MAF and LHD% and iron metabolism indexes.The Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluated the diagnostic value of MCH, MCHC, MAF and LHD% for iron deficiency in blood donors. Results:MAF in ID group which was 11.81±0.81 were higher than the IDE group which was 10.69±0.95 and lower than the healthy group which was 13.17±1.24, the total difference among the three groups was statistically significant ( F=110.784, P<0.001), the difference between two groups was statistically significant ( P<0.01); LHD% in ID group which was 2.61 (1.87, 3.91)% were lower than the IDE group which was5.60(2.99, 8.02)% and higher than the healthy group which was1.74 (1.22, 2.73)%, the total difference among the three groups was statistically significant ( H=62.166, P<0.001), the difference between two groups was statistically significant ( P<0.01).In 101 iron deficiency blood donors, Spearman correlation analysis showed that MAF was positively correlated with SF, SI and TS ( r=0.426, P<0.01; r=0.547, P<0.01; r=0.566, P<0.01);contrarily, LHD% was negatively correlated with SF, SI and TS ( r=-0.397, P<0.01; r=-0.400, P<0.01; r=-0.479, P<0.01).The areas under the ROC curve of MCH, MCHC, MAF and LHD% diagnostic ID were 0.745, 0.646, 0.819 and 0.646, respectively;the cut-off value of MAF was 12.56, with a sensitivity of 67.90% and a specificity of 83.30%.While the areas under the ROC curve of MCH, MCHC, MAF and LHD% diagnostic IDE were 0.901, 0.834, 0.941 and 0.834, respectively; the cut-off value of MAF was 11.73, with a sensitivity of 87.60% and a specificity of 87.20%. Conclusions:MAF performed a high diagnostic value of iron deficiency, especially IDE, and can be used as a marker in the diagnosis of iron deficiency in blood donors.

【Objective】 To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in rural children and adolescents. 【Methods】 An epidemiological LUTS survey was carried out on 4 100 children and adolescents (aged 6-16 years) in five primary and secondary schools in rural Henan by means of stratified random cluster sampling using anonymous questionnaires. Daytime urinary incontinence (DUI), nocturnal enuresis (NE), and postnatal diaper use and toilet training were investigated. 【Results】 A total of 3 885 valid questionnaires were recovered (with a recovery rate of 94.76%). The total prevalence of the four symptoms of LUTS, including urgency, frequency, DUI and NE, were 16.42%, 10.91%, 7.41% and 7.95%, respectively. As much as 21.13% subjects had at least one symptom. The prevalence of the four symptoms decreased gradually with age, decreased sharply in those aged 6 to 12 years, and then decreased slowly. The prevalence of LUTS in children who stopped using diapers and stared urine training after 1 year of age was significantly higher than that of those within 1 year of age (χ²=21.605, 23.111, 24.189, 23.509, all P<0.05; χ²=102.17, 72.168, 53.656, 197.76, all P<0.05). There were significant differences in the prevalence of LUTS between those with and without toilet training (χ²=315.273, 198.438, 105.723, 272.502, all P<0.05). The prevalence of LUTS in males was significantly higher than that in females (P<0.05). Constipation, prepuce and phimosis in boys were significantly associated with the prevalence of LUTS (P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 Rural children and adolescents have a high prevalence of LUTS. Diaper use after 1 year of age, history of urinary tract infection (UTI), lack of toilet training, constipation, and abnormal prepuce are risk factors of LUTS. Urine training before 1 year of age is a protective factor of LUTS.