Metastatic lung cancer continues to cause a high number of deaths due to high malignancy and poor prognosis, and the efficacy of typical chemotherapy or immunotherapy is less than ideal due to the low pulmonary accumulation and targeting of therapeutics. Here, a submicron-sized biomimetic liposome was formulated for the lung-targeted co-delivery of bacterial superantigen and paclitaxel. Recombinant staphylococcal enterotoxin C2 (rSEC2), a bacterial superantigen, was expressed with the Escherichia coli system and showed potent immunostimulatory activities to mediate tumor cell death. The submicron-sized (∼800 nm) biomimetic liposomes, namely 4T1 cell membrane-hybrid rSEC2 paclitaxel liposomes (TSPLs), exhibited high lung-accumulation efficiency and tumor homologous effect due to the suitable particle size and membrane hybridization of cancer cell membranes with phospholipids. Intravenous TSPLs remarkably inhibited metastatic lung cancer with limited systemic immune responses. TSPLs reversed the immunosuppressive state and increased the proportion of local CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells in the lung; moreover, paclitaxel increased tumor cell apoptosis and reduced tumor burden. In summary, the high lung cancer targeting was achieved by particle size control and cell membrane hybridization, and the highly efficient anticancer effect was achieved by the co-delivery of superantigens and chemotherapeutic drugs.

Ferroptosis is a form of cell death elicited by an imbalance in intracellular iron concentrations, leading to enhanced lipid peroxidation. In neurological disorders, both oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage can contribute to ferroptosis, resulting in nerve cell dysfunction and death. The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) refers to a cellular pathway in which specific proteins are tagged with ubiquitin for recognition and degradation by the proteasome. In neurological conditions, the UPS plays a significant role in regulating ferroptosis. In this review, we outline how the UPS regulates iron metabolism, ferroptosis, and their interplay in neurological diseases. In addition, we discuss the future application of small-molecule inhibitors and identify potential drug targets. Further investigation into the mechanisms of UPS-mediated ferroptosis will provide novel insights and strategies for therapeutic interventions and clinical applications in neurological diseases.
Ferroptosis/physiology* ; Humans ; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex/metabolism* ; Nervous System Diseases/metabolism* ; Animals ; Ubiquitin/metabolism* ; Iron/metabolism*

Objective:To investigate the correlationship between an artificial intelligence-based e-Boston bowel preparation scale (e-BBPS) system score and the adenoma miss rate.Methods:Colonoscopy images of 4 373 patients at the Endoscopy Center of Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from December 21, 2017 to December 31, 2019 were collected for model training. Patients who underwent colonoscopy at the Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from October 8, 2021 to November 9, 2022 were prospectively included. Patient's bowel preparation was evaluated by the e-BBPS system and endoscopists based on BBPS score. If both the endoscopists and e-BPPS system believed that the bowel preparation was sufficient, the patient immediately proceeded to a second colonoscopy. Otherwise, the patient underwent bowel preparation again. The differences in adenoma and polyp miss rate between the qualified group (e-BBPS system score ≤3) and the unqualified group (e-BBPS system score >3) were compared.Results:The adenoma miss rate in the qualified group was significantly lower than that in the unqualified group [26.72% (62/232) VS 42.53% (37/87), χ2=7.384， P=0.007, OR=2.029 (95% CI: 1.212-3.396)], and the polyp miss rate in the qualified group was significantly lower than that in the unqualified group [27.28% (195/702) VS 41.24% (113/274), χ2=16.539， P<0.001, OR=1.825 (95% CI: 1.363-2.443)]. Conclusion:The deep learning-based e-BBPS system demonstrates accuracy and reliability in bowel preparation assessment, offering potential to standardize the process of evaluating bowel preparation and reduce missed lesions.

Objective:To investigate the correlationship between an artificial intelligence-based e-Boston bowel preparation scale (e-BBPS) system score and the adenoma miss rate.Methods:Colonoscopy images of 4 373 patients at the Endoscopy Center of Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from December 21, 2017 to December 31, 2019 were collected for model training. Patients who underwent colonoscopy at the Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from October 8, 2021 to November 9, 2022 were prospectively included. Patient's bowel preparation was evaluated by the e-BBPS system and endoscopists based on BBPS score. If both the endoscopists and e-BPPS system believed that the bowel preparation was sufficient, the patient immediately proceeded to a second colonoscopy. Otherwise, the patient underwent bowel preparation again. The differences in adenoma and polyp miss rate between the qualified group (e-BBPS system score ≤3) and the unqualified group (e-BBPS system score >3) were compared.Results:The adenoma miss rate in the qualified group was significantly lower than that in the unqualified group [26.72% (62/232) VS 42.53% (37/87), χ2=7.384， P=0.007, OR=2.029 (95% CI: 1.212-3.396)], and the polyp miss rate in the qualified group was significantly lower than that in the unqualified group [27.28% (195/702) VS 41.24% (113/274), χ2=16.539， P<0.001, OR=1.825 (95% CI: 1.363-2.443)]. Conclusion:The deep learning-based e-BBPS system demonstrates accuracy and reliability in bowel preparation assessment, offering potential to standardize the process of evaluating bowel preparation and reduce missed lesions.

Chemotherapy is one of the major approaches for the treatment of metastatic lung cancer, although it is limited by the low tumor delivery efficacy of anticancer drugs. Bacterial therapy is emerging for cancer treatment due to its high immune stimulation effect; however, excessively generated immunogenicity will cause serious inflammatory response syndrome. Here, we prepared cancer cell membrane-coated liposomal paclitaxel-loaded bacterial ghosts (LP@BG@CCM) by layer-by-layer encapsulation for the treatment of metastatic lung cancer. The preparation processes were simple, only involving film formation, electroporation, and pore extrusion. LP@BG@CCM owned much higher 4T1 cancer cell toxicity than LP@BG due to its faster fusion with cancer cells. In the 4T1 breast cancer metastatic lung cancer mouse models, the remarkably higher lung targeting of intravenously injected LP@BG@CCM was observed with the almost normalized lung appearance, the reduced lung weight, the clear lung tissue structure, and the enhanced cancer cell apoptosis compared to its precursors. Moreover, several major immune factors were improved after administration of LP@BG@CCM, including the CD4⁺/CD8a⁺ T cells in the spleen and the TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-4 in the lung. LP@BG@CCM exhibits the optimal synergistic chemo-immunotherapy, which is a promising medication for the treatment of metastatic lung cancer.

Objective:To explore the research hotspots and development trends of mobile health technology applications among family caregivers using bibliometric methods, providing a reference for related studies.Methods:The Web of Science Core Collection was selected as the data source, and research on mobile health technology in family caregivers published from January 1, 2005, to August 31, 2023, was retrieved. Excel, Scimago Graphica, and CiteSpace software were used to create network maps of countries, institutions, authors, and keywords, exploring research hotspots and development trends in this field.Results:A total of 475 relevant articles were included, showing an overall upward trend in annual publication volume. The United States had the highest publication volume (173 articles), with the most influential author and the institution with the highest publication volume being Sin and the University of Washington, respectively. Current research hotspots included chronic diseases, mental health, and social support, while future research trends focus on in-depth studies, artificial intelligence, and enhancing network information security.Conclusions:Research on the application of mobile health technology among family caregivers is on the rise, mainly focusing on assisting caregivers in managing chronic diseases, improving their mental health, and enhancing their social support. Future research frontiers may include optimizing and refining digital health technologies, using artificial intelligence to predict and alleviate caregiver burden, and enhancing industry regulation and data security.

In this study,we used the Yuan publication Chao Shi Zhu Bing Yuan Hou Lun Zong Lun as the base text,used Zhu Bing Yuan Hou Lun Jiao Zhu edited by Ding Guangdi as the proofreading text,and used"forgetfulness"as the search words.We explored the contents of Zhu Bing Yuan Hou Lun related to the core symptom of dementia-forgetfulness,and analyzed the etiology and mechanism of the disease.After analyzing,Zhu Bing Yuan Hou Lun believes that forgetfulness is mostly caused by emotional changes,internal obstruction of blood stasis,loss of internal organs,deficiency of essence,qi and blood,loss of nourishment of the brain marrow,special diseases such as foot fungus disease,blindly taking cold food,leprosy that has not been treated for a long time,and cumulative disease,etc.This indicates that after more than a thousand years of development,the academic thinking of Zhu Bing Yuan Hou Lun is still of certain guiding significance for the prevention and treatment of dementia in today's clinic,and it further enriches and improves the theoretical understanding of Chinese medicine on dementia,and provides a solid theoretical foundation and new ideas for the prevention and treatment of dementia.

In this study,we used the Yuan publication Chao Shi Zhu Bing Yuan Hou Lun Zong Lun as the base text,used Zhu Bing Yuan Hou Lun Jiao Zhu edited by Ding Guangdi as the proofreading text,and used"forgetfulness"as the search words.We explored the contents of Zhu Bing Yuan Hou Lun related to the core symptom of dementia-forgetfulness,and analyzed the etiology and mechanism of the disease.After analyzing,Zhu Bing Yuan Hou Lun believes that forgetfulness is mostly caused by emotional changes,internal obstruction of blood stasis,loss of internal organs,deficiency of essence,qi and blood,loss of nourishment of the brain marrow,special diseases such as foot fungus disease,blindly taking cold food,leprosy that has not been treated for a long time,and cumulative disease,etc.This indicates that after more than a thousand years of development,the academic thinking of Zhu Bing Yuan Hou Lun is still of certain guiding significance for the prevention and treatment of dementia in today's clinic,and it further enriches and improves the theoretical understanding of Chinese medicine on dementia,and provides a solid theoretical foundation and new ideas for the prevention and treatment of dementia.

Objective To compare the safety and efficacy of laparoscopic and open left hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Methods Clinical data of 31 patients with HCC who underwent left hepatectomy in the First People's Hospital of Foshan from June 2011 to December 2017 were retrospectively analyzed.Among 31 patients,24 cases were male and 7 female,aged from 11 to 78 years with a median age of 58 years.Patients were divided into laparoscopic left hepatectomy group (laparoscopic group,n=17) and open left hepatectomy group (open group,n=14).The informed consents of all patients were obtained and the local ethical committee approval was received.In laparoscopic group,two-step Endo-GIA laparoscopic left hepatectomy was performed,and conventional hepatectomy was performed in open group.The postoperative length of hospital stay was compared by t test.The intraoperative blood loss was compared by rank-sum test.The incidence of postoperative complications was compared by Chisquare test.Results All patients underwent operation successfully without perioperative death.The median intraoperative blood loss in laparoscopic group was 100(50-500) ml,significantly less than 325(50-900) ml in open group (Z=-2.180,P＜0.05).The postoperative length of hospital stay in laparoscopic group was (8.4±2.3) d,significantly shorter than (10.9±2.5) d in the open group (t=-2.869,P＜0.05).5 cases developed postoperative pleural effusion in laparoscopic group,and 5 in open group,where no significant difference was observed (x2=0.140,P＞0.05).Conclusions Laparoscopic left hepatectomy is safe for HCC and has similar efficacy as open surgery,the intraoperative blood loss is less comparatively and postoperative recovery time is shorter,which can serve as a standard surgical approach in clinical practice.

Objective To investigate the biliary complications and recovery of liver function after liver transplantation from citizen's deceased donors (DCD) versus standard criteria donors (SCD).Method The clinical data of 269 patients who underwent orthotopic liver transplantation from January 2009 to December 2016 at the Fuzhou General Hospital were collected.197 livers were from SCD and 72 from DCD.Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to compare the biliary complications and recovery of liver function after liver transplantation in the two groups.Results PSM matched 61 pairs of patients.There were 10 (16.4％) and 8 (13.1％) biliary complications in the DCD and the SCD groups,respectively,with no significant difference between them (P ＞ 0.05).The recovery of liver function was significantly delayed in the DCD group when compared with the SCD group.The levels of ALT,AST,GGT and AKP in the DCD group were significant different on the postoperative first,third,fifth,seventh and fourteenth day (P ＜ 0.05).At 30 days after surgery,there was no significant difference in liver function between the two groups.Conclusions Liver grafts from DCD had a significant impact on the recovery of liver function.When compared with the SCD group,the DCD group recovered significantly slower in liver function.There was no significant increase in the incidence of biliary complications.