Objective To evaluate the patterns of sleep duration by integrating nocturnal and daytime sleep,and to explore their asso-ciations with activities of daily living(ADL)in middle-aged and older adults.Methods The data of sleep and ADL were obtained from 11 085 subjects aged 45 and older,which were collected from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study(CHARLS).At enrollment in 2011,data on nocturnal and daytime sleep duration were collected through questionnaires.Firstly,subjects were divided into three groups based on the 33rd and 66th percentiles of nocturnal sleep duration,assigned scores of 1,2 and 3,respectively.Subsequently,subjects were divided into three groups based on the 33rd and 66th percentiles of daytime sleep du-ration,assigned scores of 3,2 and 1,respectively.Finally,the scores for nocturnal and daytime sleep were summed to create a total sleep score ranging from 2 to 6.A total sleep score of 6 was defined as sleep duration pattern 1,indicating a longer nocturnal sleep duration with no or shorter daytime sleep duration.Similarly,total sleep scores of 5,4,3 and 2 were defined as sleep duration patterns 2,3,4 and 5,respectively,with sleep duration pattern 5 indicating a shorter nocturnal sleep duration and a longer daytime sleep duration.The status of ADL was assessed using the Activities of Daily Living Scale(Katz edition)at baseline and during follow-up in 2013,2015 and 2018.The association between sleep duration patterns and the risk of ADL disability was evaluated us-ing a Cox proportional hazards model.Results A total of 63 015 person-years were followed,with 11 085 subjects,during which 3 239 individuals experienced ADL disability.The 33rd and 66th percentiles of the nocturnal sleep duration in the study population were 6.00 hours and 7.00 hours,respectively;while the 33rd and 66th percentiles of the daytime sleep duration were 0.00 hours and 1.00 hours,respectively.Of those,1 522 were classified into sleep duration pattern 1,2 196 into sleep duration pattern 2,4 299 into sleep duration pattern 3,2 304 into sleep duration pattern 4,and 764 into sleep dura-tion pattern 5.Compared to sleep duration pattern 1,the risk of ADL disability of patterns 3,4 and 5 were higher(P<0.05),with P-value for the trend less than 0.001,after adjusting for age,sex,body mass index,marital sta-tus,educational level,residence,smoking,drinking,history of chronic diseases,depression status and season.No interaction effect between gender,age and season,and sleep duration patterns was observed(P>0.05).Com-pared to subjects with nocturnal sleep duration≥9 hours and daytime sleep duration<2 hours,those with noctur-nal sleep duration<7 hours and daytime sleep duration≥2 hours had a higher risk of ADL disability(P<0.05).Conclusion Older adults who sleep less at night but take longer naps during the day are at a higher risk of experiencing limitations in their ADL.Sleep patterns may influence ADL among middle-aged and older populations,and man-aging their sleep duration patterns could help prevent the onset of ADL limitations.

Objective To evaluate the patterns of sleep duration by integrating nocturnal and daytime sleep,and to explore their asso-ciations with activities of daily living(ADL)in middle-aged and older adults.Methods The data of sleep and ADL were obtained from 11 085 subjects aged 45 and older,which were collected from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study(CHARLS).At enrollment in 2011,data on nocturnal and daytime sleep duration were collected through questionnaires.Firstly,subjects were divided into three groups based on the 33rd and 66th percentiles of nocturnal sleep duration,assigned scores of 1,2 and 3,respectively.Subsequently,subjects were divided into three groups based on the 33rd and 66th percentiles of daytime sleep du-ration,assigned scores of 3,2 and 1,respectively.Finally,the scores for nocturnal and daytime sleep were summed to create a total sleep score ranging from 2 to 6.A total sleep score of 6 was defined as sleep duration pattern 1,indicating a longer nocturnal sleep duration with no or shorter daytime sleep duration.Similarly,total sleep scores of 5,4,3 and 2 were defined as sleep duration patterns 2,3,4 and 5,respectively,with sleep duration pattern 5 indicating a shorter nocturnal sleep duration and a longer daytime sleep duration.The status of ADL was assessed using the Activities of Daily Living Scale(Katz edition)at baseline and during follow-up in 2013,2015 and 2018.The association between sleep duration patterns and the risk of ADL disability was evaluated us-ing a Cox proportional hazards model.Results A total of 63 015 person-years were followed,with 11 085 subjects,during which 3 239 individuals experienced ADL disability.The 33rd and 66th percentiles of the nocturnal sleep duration in the study population were 6.00 hours and 7.00 hours,respectively;while the 33rd and 66th percentiles of the daytime sleep duration were 0.00 hours and 1.00 hours,respectively.Of those,1 522 were classified into sleep duration pattern 1,2 196 into sleep duration pattern 2,4 299 into sleep duration pattern 3,2 304 into sleep duration pattern 4,and 764 into sleep dura-tion pattern 5.Compared to sleep duration pattern 1,the risk of ADL disability of patterns 3,4 and 5 were higher(P<0.05),with P-value for the trend less than 0.001,after adjusting for age,sex,body mass index,marital sta-tus,educational level,residence,smoking,drinking,history of chronic diseases,depression status and season.No interaction effect between gender,age and season,and sleep duration patterns was observed(P>0.05).Com-pared to subjects with nocturnal sleep duration≥9 hours and daytime sleep duration<2 hours,those with noctur-nal sleep duration<7 hours and daytime sleep duration≥2 hours had a higher risk of ADL disability(P<0.05).Conclusion Older adults who sleep less at night but take longer naps during the day are at a higher risk of experiencing limitations in their ADL.Sleep patterns may influence ADL among middle-aged and older populations,and man-aging their sleep duration patterns could help prevent the onset of ADL limitations.

AIM:The paper is to explore a rapid and simple method for the culture of mouse primary thyroid cells.METHODS:Mouse thyroid cells were isolated by enzyme digestion and cultured with improved medium,and their morphology,characteristics and secretory function were observed within 14 d.RESULTS:In the cultures,the active pri-mary cells were obtained from the thyroid tissue after digestion for 25 min;adherent growth was observed on the 2nd day.And secondary follicles appeared from the 5th to 7th day.Over 95%cells were detected with thyroglobulin.The secretion of total triiodothyronine and total thyroxine maintains over 60%in 7 d.The expression levels of specific genes can still maintain more than 50%in 10 d.CONCLUSION:Mouse thyroid primary cells can be rapidly cultured by this method,and the cells can be used for studying thyroid endocrine secretion within 7 d and studying thyroid genes within 10 d.

The dorsal lingual epithelium, which is composed of taste buds and keratinocytes differentiated from K14⁺ basal cells, discriminates taste compounds and maintains the epithelial barrier. N6-methyladenosine (m⁶A) is the most abundant mRNA modification in eukaryotic cells. How METTL3-mediated m⁶A modification regulates K14⁺ basal cell fate during dorsal lingual epithelium formation and regeneration remains unclear. Here we show knockout of Mettl3 in K14⁺ cells reduced the taste buds and enhanced keratinocytes. Deletion of Mettl3 led to increased basal cell proliferation and decreased cell division in taste buds. Conditional Mettl3 knock-in mice showed little impact on taste buds or keratinization, but displayed increased proliferation of cells around taste buds in a protective manner during post-irradiation recovery. Mechanically, we revealed that the most frequent m⁶A modifications were enriched in Hippo and Wnt signaling, and specific peaks were observed near the stop codons of Lats1 and FZD7. Our study elucidates that METTL3 is essential for taste bud formation and could promote the quantity recovery of taste bud after radiation.
Animals ; Epithelium/metabolism* ; Homeostasis ; Methylation ; Methyltransferases/metabolism* ; Mice ; RNA ; Taste Buds/metabolism*

Objective To analyze the residents' iodine nutrition level of Yunfu City in Guangdong Province from 2009 to 2016,in order to provide evidence for making prevention strategy of iodine deficiency disorders.Methods Four surveys on salt iodine levels,four surveys on urinary iodine levels of children aged 8-10 years old,two surveys on urinary iodine levels of pregnant women and one survey on iodine content in drinking water were carried out according to the prevention and control planning for endemic disease in Guangdong Province in Yunfu City from 2009 to 2016.Salt iodine was determined by direct titration (GB/T 13025.7-1999,GB/T 13025.7-2012),urinary iodine was determined by arsenic cerium catalytic spectrophotometry (WS/T 107-2006,WS/T 107.1-2016),water iodine was determined by the national iodine deficiency disease reference laboratory recommended method.Results In 2009,2011,2015 and 2016,1 464,1 464,1 500,1 500 salt samples and 500,388,1 000,1 000 children were investigated,the medians of salt iodine levels were 30.3,28.1,24.8,and 24.8 mg/kg,respectively,and the medians of children urinary iodine levels were 208.3,188.3,143.1 and 165.2 μg/L,respectively.Five hundred,five hundred pregnant women were investigated in 2015 and 2016,and the medians of pregnant women urinary iodine levels were 101.0 and 96.4 μg/L,respectively.A total of 1 149 samples of drinking water were investigated in 2011-2016,the median of water iodine was 2.8 μg/L.Conclusion Yunfu is an iodine deficiency city,after adjusting the iodine content of edible salt in 2012,iodine nutrition in children is at an appropriate level,but the iodine intake level of pregnant women is relatively lower,so prevention and treatment of iodine deficiency disorders and urinary iodine monitoring should be strengthened in pregnant women.