Objective To investigate the factors influencing the efficacy of intravesical Bacille Calmette-Guérin(BCG)instillation after transurethral resection of bladder tumor(TURBT)in patients with intermediate-and high-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer(NMIBC),and to construct a prediction model for recurrence after BCG treatment.Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted on the subjected patients diagnosed with intermediate-and high-risk NMIBC undergoing TURBT followed by standard BCG instillation.The 110 patients treated in Department of Urology of Army Medical Center of PLA from January 2018 to December 2023 were assigned into a training set,while the 52 patients treated at Department of Urology of General Hospital of Central Theater Command from January 2015 to December 2020 were into an external validation set.A total of 17 variables were included and analyzed.Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with recurrence after BCG instillation,and nomograms were plotted to predict 1-year,3-year,and 5-year recurrence-free survival(RFS).Calibration curve,decision curve analysis(DCA),and receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis were conducted for internal and external validation to evaluate the predictive performance and clinical utility of the model.Results In the training set,26 patients(23.64%)experienced recurrence during the follow-up period,with a median RFS of 32.00(18.00～50.50)months.Univariate Cox regression analysis suggested that platelet count,eosinophil to lymphocyte ratio(ELR),neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio(NLR),platelet to lymphocyte ratio(PLR),systemic immune inflammation(SII)index,and neutrophil-monocyte to lymphocyte ratio(NMLR),pathological T1 stage(pT1)tumor and hemoglobin,albumin,lymphocyte,and platelet(HALP)score were potential factors influencing recurrence after BCG instillation.Multivariate Cox regression analysis identified high HALP score(HR=0.185,95%CI:0.046～0.736,P=0.017)as an independent protective factor,while high ELR(HR=3.599,95%CI:1.505～8.608,P=0.004)and pT1 stage(HR=3.240,95%CI:1.191～8.818,P=0.021)were independent risk factors for recurrence.Based on this,a nomogram prediction model was constructed.The calibration curves demonstrated good agreement between predicted and actual 1-,3-,and 5-year recurrence risks.Decision curve analysis indicated clinical utility across a wide threshold probability range.In the training set,the model showed strong predictive performance for 1-(AUC=0.842),3-(AUC=0.847),and 5-year(AUC=0.887)recurrence risks,which was further validated in the external cohort.Conclusion Higher HALP score prior to BCG instillation therapy is a protective factor against tumor recurrence,while higher ELR and pT1 stage are risk factors.Our nomogram prediction model based on HALP score,ELR and pathological T stage,can identify individuals at high risk of recurrence after BCG instillation therapy.

BACKGROUND: Lung cancer is a disease with a high incidence rate in Yunnan province, yet there is a paucity of large-scale studies on its clinical epidemiology. This research aims to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of patients who underwent lung cancer surgery at Yunnan Cancer Hospital over the past decade, thereby providing a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of lung cancer. METHODS: Clinical data were collected from 15,967 patients who underwent lung cancer surgery at Yunnan Cancer Hospital between 2013 and 2022. A statistical analysis was conducted on the patients' general data, surgical information, pathological types of lung cancer, and other clinical epidemiological characteristics. RESULTS: Among the 15,967 cases of lung cancer, 46.3% were male and 53.7% were female, with the male-to-female ratio ranging from 0.68 to 1.61:1. The median age was 56 years (interquartile range: 49-63), and 37.0% of the patients were in the age group of 50-59 years. Since 2017, there has been an annual increase in the proportion of patients under the age of 60 years. The smoking status of the patients showed that 28.1% were smokers and 71.9% were non-smokers. Qujing city accounted for 41.4% and Kunming city for 23.2% of the cases in Yunnan province, with 29.6% of patients originating from Xuanwei and Fuyuan areas of Qujing city. The distribution of affected lung lobes was as follows: right upper lobe 28.2%, right middle lobe 6.3%, right lower lobe 20.1%, left upper lobe 22.7%, and left lower lobe 16.4%. The use of thoracoscopic surgery increased from 30.8% to 96.3%, with single-port thoracoscopic surgery comprising 61.3%. Lobectomy was performed in 64.2% of cases, wedge resection in 17.2%, and segmentectomy in 12.2%. The proportion of lobectomy decreased from 83.1% to 46.1%. The proportion of patients in stages 0-I increased from 43.5% to 82.8%, while stages II-IV decreased from 56.5% to 17.2%. Adenocarcinoma increased from 75.6% to 88.3%, and squamous cell carcinoma decreased from 21.5% to 8.6%. Among adenocarcinoma patients, 60.9% were female. Among sguamous cell carcinoma patients, 90.6% were male. The peak age for adenocarcinoma was 50-59 years, and for squamous cell carcinoma, it was 60-69 years. The smoking rate was higher among squamous cell carcinoma patients (65.9%) compared to adenocarcinoma patients (22.3%). Adenocarcinoma patients had a higher proportion in stages 0-I (76.3%), while squamous cell carcinoma patients were more prevalent in stages II-III (64.1%). CONCLUSIONS The findings indicate an increasing proportion of female patients with adenocarcinoma, a younger age of onset, a higher proportion of non-smoking lung cancer patients, and an increased proportion of stages 0-I lung cancer. These trends may reflect the epidemiological characteristics of patients undergoing lung cancer surgery in Yunnan and surrounding areas over the past decade.
Humans ; Female ; Male ; Lung Neoplasms/pathology* ; Middle Aged ; China/epidemiology* ; Aged ; Adult ; Aged, 80 and over

Objective:To explore regulatory effects of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) on hypoxia-induced oxidative stress and activation of pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) .Methods:PSCs were cultured in normoxia or hypoxia conditions to establish normoxia or hypoxia group. PSCs were pre-treated with SCFA working solution (10 mmol/L sodium acetate, 0.5 mmol/L sodium propionate and 0.5 mmol/L sodium butyrate), and then cultured in hypoxia conditions to establish the hypoxia-SCFA group. PSCs pre-treated by normal saline was set as the hypoxia-control group. The relative growth viability of the cells was detected by the CCK-8 assay. Relative levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected by DCFH-DA fluorescence probe method. The mitochondrial membrane potential was detected by JC-1 fluorescence probe. Protein expression of cyclin-associated marker cyclin A and cyclin D, hypoxic marker HIF1α, activation marker α-SMA, and antioxidant marker NRF2 and HO-1 was detected by western blotting.Results:The relative viability of PSCs in hypoxia group was significantly higher than that in normoxia group at 48 h (1.23±0.05 vs 0.99±0.04), but the relative viability of hypoxia-SCFA group was significantly lower than that of the hypoxic-control group at both 36 h and 48 h (0.69±0.01 vs 0.86±0.03, 0.86±0.02 vs 1.25±0.05). The relative level of ROS was significantly higher in hypoxia group than normoxia group (1.74±0.11 vs 1.00±0.10). The relative level of ROS was significantly lower in the hypoxia-SCFA group than the hypoxia-control group (1.39±0.14 vs 1.66±0.11). The fluorescence signals of JC-1 polymer in hypoxia group were significantly higher than those in normoxia group (1.36±0.05 vs 1.00±0.11), whereas the fluorescence signals of JC-1 polymer were significantly lower in hypoxia-SCFA group than in hypoxia-control group (1.11±0.03 vs 1.32±0.06). The expression of cyclin A, cyclin D, HIF1α, α-SMA, NRF2, and HO-1 was significantly higher in hypoxia group than those in normoxia group (1.19±0.01 vs 0.63±0.02, 0.93±0.02 vs 0.83±0.03, 1.18±0.07 vs 0.41±0.02, 1.19±0.14 vs 0.66±0.04, 1.22±0.11 vs 0.61±0.04, 1.28±0.12 vs 0.68±0.02), but the expression of cyclin A, cyclin D, α-SMA, NRF2, and HO-1 in Hypoxia-SCFA group was significantly lower than those in hypoxia-control group (0.79±0.04 vs 1.15±0.03, 0.88±0.01 vs 0.95±0.03, 0.87±0.01 vs 1.18±0.05, 0.84±0.01 vs 1.22±0.04, and 0.92±0.02 vs 1.27±0.06). All these differences were statistically significant (all P values <0.05) . Conclusions:SCFA significantly improves the oxidative stress state of PSCs under hypoxic conditions, maintains the stability of mitochondrial membrane potential, and inhibites hypoxia-induced activation of PSCs.

Objective　To investigate the changes in expression and diagnostic value of miRNA-424-5p and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in patients with latent tuberculosis (LTBI) and active tuberculosis (ATB). Methods Data from the miRNA expression microarray GSE25435 and GSE29190 were downloaded from the U.S. National Center for Biotechnology Information Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, and differentially expressed miRNA were obtained using the GEO2R tool. A total of 30 cases, including LTBI and ATB patients, were selected from the Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong between July 2022 to July 2023, with healthy controls (HC) being concurrent healthy individuals. The expression of miRNA and IL-6 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) among three groups was verified by real-time fluorogenic quantitative PCR (qPCR). The diagnostic efficacy of candidate miRNA and IL-6 was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Results By GEO2R analysis, three differential miRNAs were obtained: miRNA-424-5p, miRNA-21-3p, and miRNA-144-3p. qPCR experiments verified the levels of these three miRNAs and IL-6, showing that miRNA-21-3p and miRNA-144-3p exhibited no significant difference in relative expression in PBMCs of ATB patients compared to the LTBI group (F=6.53, P>0.05; F=3.21, P>0.05). However, the expression levels of miRNA-424-5p and IL-6 in PBMCs were significantly increased, with statistically significant differences (F=5.35, P<0.01; F=8.77, P<0.01). ROC curve analysis showed that the maximum AUC of miRNA-424-5p and IL-6 for distinguishing ATB from LTBI was 0.70 and 0.76 respectively, and their combined diagnostic AUC could reach 0.84. Conclusions The combined diagnosis of miRNA-424-5p and IL-6 has the potential to distinguish LTBI from ATB patients, providing a certain reference for the rapid differential diagnosis of latent infection and active tuberculosis.

Objective:To investigate the factors influencing the occurrence of poor surgical incision healing after gynecologic open surgery in elderly patients, and to construct a risk prediction model.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted to collect perioperative data from 255 elderly patients(age ≥60 years at the time of surgery)who underwent gynecologic open abdominal surgery in Beijing Hospital from September 2021 to September 2023, and the patients were divided into 204 cases of the well-healed group and 51 cases of the poorly healed group according to the healing of their abdominal incision conditions, and all the included samples were randomly split into the training set of 179 cases and the validation set of 76 cases according to a ratio of 7∶3.Risk factors for poor incision healing were screened using univariate analysis and multifactorial Logistic regression analysis, and a column-line diagram model was constructed.The predictive value of the model was examined using the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve, the internal validation of the model was performed using the Bootstrap method, the clinical application value of the model was evaluated by plotting the calibration curve, and the predictive performance of the model was compared by calculating the net reclassification index(NRI)and the integrated discriminant improvement index(IDI).Results:The results of univariate analysis showed that age, body mass index(BMI), preoperative abdominal wall thickness, intraoperative bleeding, preoperative albumin, postoperative minimum albumin, ascites, nature of the disease, and perioperative albumin supplementation were correlated with abdominal incision healing(all P<0.05).Multifactorial Logistic regression analysis showed that perioperative albumin supplementation( OR=0.07, 95% CI: 0.01-0.44, P=0.008), age( OR=1.28, 95% CI: 1.12-1.52, P<0.001), preoperative abdominal wall thickness( OR=5.75, 95% CI: 2.81-15.74, P<0.001), and postoperative minimum albumin( OR=0.82, 95% CI: 0.69-0.97, P=0.017)were the influencing factors of abdominal incision healing.Plotting the ROC curves of the column-line graphical model showed that the area under the curve(AUC)for the training set and the internal validation set were 0.982(95% CI: 0.967-0.997)and 0.961(95% CI: 0.906-1.000), respectively.The model was validated using the Bootstrap self-sampling method, and the calibration curve showed that the model predicted well with good calibration, and NRI and IDI indicated that the predictive value of the four combined was higher than that of a single index for poor incision healing. Conclusions:The prediction model established in this study(including 4 indicators of age, preoperative abdominal wall thickness, perioperative albumin supplementation, and postoperative minimum albumin)has been statistically tested and internally validated to predict the risk of poorly healed abdominal incisions in elderly women in the perioperative period, facilitating timely clinical adjustment of treatment for high-risk patients.

Objective:To investigate the safety and efficacy of four-hook needle combined with holographic image in robot-assisted partial nephrectomy for completely intrarenal tumors.Methods:The clinical data of 8 patients with completely intrarenal tumors treated by robot-assisted partial nephrectomy with four-hook needle combined with holographic image admitted to General Hospital of Central Theater Command from October 2023 to December 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 6 males and 2 females, with average age of (44.5±12.0) years old. Tumors of 6 cases were in the left side and 2 cases in the right side. The maximum diameter of the tumor was (23.2±8.1) mm. The R. E.N.A.L. score was (9.0±1.4). The preoperative serum creatinine (Scr) was (73.1±14.7) μmol/L. CT-guided four-hook needle was used to locate the edge of completely intrarenal tumor before surgery. During the operation, the tumor was precisely resected under the guidance of hologram and four-hook needle. Perioperative data of patients were collected and analyzed.Results:All the tumor were successfully resected under the guidance of four-hook needle and hologram without conversion to radical nephrectomy or open surgery. The mean operative time was (117.0±14.5) min, the mean hot ischemia time was (20.2±5.1) min, the mean intraoperative blood loss was (75.0±17.3) ml, and the average hospitalization time was (9.5±1.3) days.The one week postoperative Scr was (73.2±14.8) μmol/L, which had no significant difference with that of before operation ( P=0.952). None of them received blood transfusion. The pathology results of 8 patients were clear cell renal cell carcinoma, and the surgical margins were negative. Conclusions:For completely intrarenal tumors, the four-hook needle combined with the hologram can guide the surgeon to quickly locate the tumor, accurately resect the tumor, reduce perioperative complications, and is safe and effective.

bjective To mine signals of post-marketing adverse drug events(ADEs)associated with dapagliflozin,and to provide insights for safe medication in clinical settings.Methods Data on ADEs related to dapagliflozin from U.S.Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System(FAERS)were collected from the first quarter of 2013 to the third quarter of 2024.The analyses involved data mining and signal monitoring using disproportionality analysis techniques including the reporting odds ratio(ROR)method,Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency(MHRA)method,Bayesian confidence propagation neural network(BCPNN)method,and multi-item gamma Poisson shrinker(MGPS)method.Results After data cleaning,a total of 55 832 qualified dapagliflozin case reports were obtained,involving 25 090 patients,with a slightly higher percentage of males(44.99％)than females(41.18％).The predominant age group was 45 to 64 years(20.78％).A total of 379 ADE signals were detected across 22 system-organ classes(SOC).The ADEs of dapagliflozin were mainly concentrated in the SOC such as infections and infestations,general disorders and administration sites conditions,and metabolism and nutrition disorders,aligning with information provided in the drug instructions.Additionally,the ADE signals were not documented in drug inserts such as scrotal gangrene,periperineal cellulitis,scrotal abscess,hyperglycemia,ketonuria,and pancreatitis.Conclusion When clinically using dapagliflozin,it is essential to conduct a thorough medication assessment.In addition to closely monitoring diabetes ketoacidosis,fungal infection,and acute renal injury.The latent ADEs that are not mentioned in the instructions to should be noticed ensure safe medication.

bjective To mine signals of post-marketing adverse drug events(ADEs)associated with dapagliflozin,and to provide insights for safe medication in clinical settings.Methods Data on ADEs related to dapagliflozin from U.S.Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System(FAERS)were collected from the first quarter of 2013 to the third quarter of 2024.The analyses involved data mining and signal monitoring using disproportionality analysis techniques including the reporting odds ratio(ROR)method,Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency(MHRA)method,Bayesian confidence propagation neural network(BCPNN)method,and multi-item gamma Poisson shrinker(MGPS)method.Results After data cleaning,a total of 55 832 qualified dapagliflozin case reports were obtained,involving 25 090 patients,with a slightly higher percentage of males(44.99％)than females(41.18％).The predominant age group was 45 to 64 years(20.78％).A total of 379 ADE signals were detected across 22 system-organ classes(SOC).The ADEs of dapagliflozin were mainly concentrated in the SOC such as infections and infestations,general disorders and administration sites conditions,and metabolism and nutrition disorders,aligning with information provided in the drug instructions.Additionally,the ADE signals were not documented in drug inserts such as scrotal gangrene,periperineal cellulitis,scrotal abscess,hyperglycemia,ketonuria,and pancreatitis.Conclusion When clinically using dapagliflozin,it is essential to conduct a thorough medication assessment.In addition to closely monitoring diabetes ketoacidosis,fungal infection,and acute renal injury.The latent ADEs that are not mentioned in the instructions to should be noticed ensure safe medication.

Objective:To investigate the effects of shear stress magnitude and exposure time on the damage of blood component erythrocytes and von willebrand factor (VWF) based on microfluidic technology.Methods:A blood shear platform was built based on a microfluidic chip, samples were prepared under different shear stress magnitudes and exposure time lengths, free hemoglobin assay experiments were performed on blood samples, the hemolysis indices of different samples were measured, and the relative molecular masses of different samples of VWF were analyzed by immunoblotting and chemiluminescence imaging.Results:The quantitative relationships between the hemolysis index and the degradation rate of high relative molecular mass VWF with shear stress and exposure time followed the power function model well.Conclusions:The microfluidic experimental platform has the advantages of a precise and controllable internal microenvironment and easy and rapid detection, which can be used for the quantitative study of blood damage patterns.

Objective To study von Willebrand factor(VWF) damage based on a novel Maglev Taylor-Couette blood-shearing device. Methods The magnetic levitation (maglev) Taylor-Couette blood-shearing device was designed, and the blood-shearing platform was built. Fresh porcine blood was tested in circulation loop for 1 hour at laminar flow state. VWF damage was assessed by analyzing sample through Western blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results With the increase of exposure time and shear stress, a large number of high molecular weight VWF multimers were degraded into low molecular weight VWF. The maximum rate of degradation was 569%. When the shear stress increased from 18 Pa to 55 Pa, the ratio of VWF-Rco to VWF-Ag decreased from 45.7% to 32.8%. ConclusionsCompared with initial sample, the VWF damage was mainly manifested by the decrease of high molecular weight VWF and the decrease of VWF activity, and VWF-Ag did not change significantly. The novel maglev Taylor-Couette blood-shearing device can quantitatively control the flow parameters (exposure time and shear stress), and be used for blood damage research in vitro, thus providing references for the design and optimization of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and blood pump.