Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) capable of clearing heat and removing toxin is most commonly used in clinical practice and has the effect of removing fire-heat and toxin. Studies have shown that most of the Ilex plants have the effect of clearing heat and removing toxin, among which the varieties of I. cornuta, I. pubescens, I. rotunda, I. latifolia, and I. chinensis are most widely used. These plants generally contain triterpenoids and their glycosides, alkaloids, flavonoids, phenylpropanoids, and other chemical components, especially pentacyclic triterpenoids. According to their skeletons, pentacyclic triterpenoids can be divided into the oleanane type, the ursane type, the lupinane type, etc. Among them, ursane-type components are the most abundant, and 136 species have been found so far. These components have been proved to have pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, hypolipidemic, anti-thrombosis, cardiomyocyte-protective, antibacterial, and hepatoprotective effects. Therefore, this paper systematically reviews the domestic and foreign literature on Ilex plants with a focus on the research progress on pentacyclic triterpenoids and their pharmacological activities, aiming to provide reference for the development of TCM resources with the effect of clearing heat and removing toxin.
Ilex/chemistry* ; Plants, Medicinal/chemistry* ; Pentacyclic Triterpenes/pharmacology* ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology* ; Humans ; Animals

OBJECTIVE: To compare the influence of different emergence profile of implants in mandibular molar on the peri-implant soft tissue. METHODS: Forty-four implants were divided into two equal groups by mucosal thickness, ≥2 mm (group A) or < 2 mm (group B), and were randomly included in the test group and the control group. In the control group, the patients were treated by a prosthesis with no transmucosal modifications (subgroups A1 and B1). In groups A1 and B1, the prostheses maintained the original emergence profile of the healing abutment. In the test group, the prostheses were designed based on a width-to-height ratio (W/H) of 1.3 ∶ 1 (subgroups A2 and B2). In group A2, the buccal transmucosal configuration design was slightly concave, and in group B2, the prostheses were designed with convex buccal transmucosal configuration. Assessments were made before delivery of the definitive restoration (T0), one month (T1) and 12 months (T2) after loading. The soft tissue and prosthesis information were obtained by intraoral scan and were converted to digital models. The digital models of different time were superimposed together. Buccal mucosal W/H, emergence angle (EA) and buccal mucosal margin recession (ΔGM) were measured. RESULTS: One year after loading, the buccal mucosal margin recession in the test group (groups A2 and B2) was significantly lower than that in the control group (groups A1 and B1). The ΔGM in group A2 was significantly lower than that in group A1 (P=0.033), but in groups B1 and B2, it was not significantly different. The W/H in group A2 increased significantly one month after loading, but remained stable at one year. In the A1 group, the W/H changed little from initial to one month, but increased significantly at one year after loading. The W/H in group B2 remained stable from the beginning to one year, while in group B1, it changed little one month after loading, but increased significantly by one year. CONCLUSION When the initial mucosal thickness was ≥2 mm, the slightly concave prosthesis designed based on the biological W/H significantly maintained the level of buccal mucosa. When the mucosal thickness was < 2 mm, the slightly convex prosthesis design maintained a more stable W/H over one year.
Humans ; Mandible/surgery* ; Molar/surgery* ; Male ; Female ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Dental Prosthesis Design ; Dental Implants ; Dental Implantation, Endosseous/methods*

Objective:To explore the genetic basis for a child with developmental delay and intellectual deficit (DD/ID).Methods:A child who was admitted to the Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Longhua District of Shenzhen City on June 3, 2023 due to DD/ID, craniofacial malformations, and recurrent infections of upper respiratory tract was selected as the study subject. G-banded chromosomal karyotyping was carried out for the child and her parents. Low-depth genome-wide copy number variation sequencing (CNV-seq) and chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) were used to screen for genome-wide copy number variation (CNV), and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to verify the origin of candidate CNV. This study was approved by the Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Longhua District of Shenzhen City(Ethics No. 2023052504). Results:The child, an 8-year-old girl, had featured unexplained growth and intellectual development delay, multiple craniofacial malformations, and recurrent infections of the upper respiratory tract. She was found to have a karyotype of 46, XX, der(6)add(6)(q23), while both of her parents were normal. Both CNV-seq and CMA showed that the child has harbored a 21.38 Mb interstitial duplication at 6p25.3p22.3 and a 0.78 Mb terminal deletion at 6p25. FISH verified that both the duplication and deletion had occurred de novo. Conclusion:The abnormal phenotype of the child may be attributed to the 6p duplication and terminal deletion.

Human brain banks use a standardized protocol to collect,process and store post-mortem human brains and related tissues,along with relevant clinical information,and to provide the tissue samples and data as a resource to foster neuroscience research according to a standardized operating protocols(SOP).Human brain bank serves as the foundation for neuroscience research and the diagnosis of neurological disorders,highlighting the crucial rule of ensuring the consistency of standardized quality for brain tissue samples.The first version of SOP in 2017 was published by the China Human Brain Bank Consortium.As members increases from different regions in China,a revised SOP was drafted by experts from the China Human Brain Bank Consortium to meet the growing demands for neuroscience research.The revised SOP places a strong emphasis on ethical standards,incorporates neuropathological evaluation of brain regions,and provides clarity on spinal cord sampling and pathological assessment.Notable enhancements in this updated version of the SOP include reinforced ethical guidelines,inclusion of matching controls in recruitment,and expansion of brain regions to be sampled for neuropathological evaluation.

Objective To compare the clinical safety and efficacy of CT-guided hook-wire localization of≤10mm pulmonary ground-glass nodule(GGN)via different path ways before video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery(VATS).Methods The clinical data of a total of 128 patients with 10 mm pulmonary GGN,who received CT-guided hook wire localization before VATS at The Third Hospital of Mianyang of China between July 2018 and March 2023,were retrospectively analyzed.According to the puncturing localization path way mode,the patients were divided into vertical puncturing group(n=88)and non-vertical puncturing group(n=40).The number of puncturing times,the time spent for puncturing localization,the success rate of puncture,the operation time of VATS,and puncture-related complications of the two groups were recorded.Results No statistically significant differences in the gender,age,smoking history,GGN location,puncture position,nodule size,density characteristics of GGN,emphysema,and nodules-pleura distance existed between the two groups(all P＞0.05).Compared with non-vertical puncturing group,in vertical puncturing group the number of puncturing times was smaller,the time spent for localization was shorter,the incidence of pneumothorax was lower,and the operation time of VATS was shorter,the differences in all the above indexes between the two groups were statistically significant(all P＜0.05);and the subgroup analysis of patients whose GGN was overlapped with rib shadow obtained the same results.Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that non-vertical puncturing and the number of puncturing times were the independent risk factors for the occurrence of pneumothorax.Conclusion CT-guided hook-wire localization of≤10mm pulmonary GGN before VATS is clinically safe and effective.Under the condition when the lesion can be localized within the range of 2.0cm and the shadow overlapping of GGN with the rib and blood vessel can be effectively avoided,vertical puncturing path way mode should be preferred,which can effectively reduce the incidence of pneumothorax and shorten the operation time of VATS.

Objective To assess the application value of sequential non-invasive prenatal testing(NIPT)for pregnant women with abnormal single values of early Down's screening.Methods A total of 1 631 pregnant women with abnormal single values of traditional early Down's screening were selected from Shenzhen Long-hua Maternal and Child Health Hospital from January to October in 2022,and all of them voluntarily under-went NIPT with signed informed consent.The high-risk samples screned by NIPT wre conducted invasive prenatal diagnosis and tracked pregnancy outcomes,and yet low-risk pregnant women was followed up after the due date.Results Among all the pregnant women,a total of 10 high-risk samples of fetal chromosomal aneuploidy were detected by sequential NIPT,including 1 case of trisomy 21,1 case of trisomy 18,7 cases of sex chromosome abnormalities,and 1 case of other autosomal abnormalities.9 cases of high-risk pregnant women received invasive prenatal diagnosis,and 5 cases were consistent with NIPT results,which had yielded a positive predictive value of 55.56％.Among them,the positive predictive values of trisomy 21,trisomy 18,sex chromosome abnormalities and other autosomal abnormalities were 100.00％,100.00％,50.00％,0.00％,resepectively.Conclusion Sequential NIPT could improve the detection of defective children in pregnant women with abnormal single values of early Down's screening,which has certain guiding value for expanding screening to reduce the birth of defective children.In view of its low positive predictive value,pregnant women with abnormal single value of Down's screening should be paid more attention,and further prenatal diagnosis may be necessary to reduce the birth rate of defective children.

To understand Helicobacter pylori's drug resistance,genetic diversity,and relationship with clinical diseases in the Guiyang and Qiannan minority areas of Guizhou Province,we collected samples through endoscopy,and isolated and cul-tured H.pylori.The drug resistance and genotype characteristics were determined.The differences in different regions and dis-ease types were compared,and the structural characteristics of H.pylori and mixed infections with different strains of H.py-lori in Qiannan Prefecture were analyzed.A difference in the composition ratio of EPYIA typing in the cagA variable region was observed between the two areas(P=0.012),and the composition ratio of the vacA genotype differed(P=0.000).A total of 94.6％(53/56)new sequences of H.pylori strains from two regions were obtained by MLST.The rate of infection by H.pylori mixed with different strains was 44.4％in Qiannan Pre-fecture,and no significant difference was observed in the com-position of H.pylori mixed infections among patients with dif-ferent clinical diseases(P=0.349).Differences in EPI YA typ-ing and the vacA genotype composition ratio in the cagA varia-ble region of H.pylori were observed between the Qiannan Prefecture and Guiyang City.

Aim To observe the effect of Astragalus membranaceus and Angelica sinensis on the apoptosis of chondrocytes,and to investigate the effect of Astrag-alus membranaceus and Angelica sinensis on the sur-vival of fresh ostecartilage allograft.Methods Forty-eight 4-month-old New Zealand white rabbits,half male and half female,were randomly divided into sham operation group,model group,positive group and As-tragalus and Angelica 5∶1 group.In addition to the sham operation group,the other groups were both male and female donors and recipients for knee joint osteo-cartilage cross transplantation modeling.After 8 weeks of drug intervention,samples were taken for general observation,HE staining,saffrane-O staining,immu-nohistochemical staining,qPCR and Western blot de-tection.Results Compared with model group,As-tragalus and Angelica 5∶1 group and positive group,the repair site healed better,the morphology of osteo-chondrocytes tended to be normal,and the division and proliferation were obvious.Proteoglycan deposition in-creased and type Ⅱ collagen content was higher,the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).qPCR and Western blot results showed that compared with model group,the mRNA and protein expressions of Bax,caspase-3 and caspase-9 in other groups were significantly decreased(P＜0.05).Conclusion As-tragalus and Angelica can promote the survival of fresh osteochondral allograft,and its mechanism may be re-lated to promoting collagen production,promoting chondrocyte proliferation and inhibiting chondrocyte apoptosis.

As artificial intelligence technology rapidly advances, its deployment within the medical sector presents substantial ethical challenges. Consequently, it becomes crucial to create a standardized, transparent, and secure framework for processing medical data. This includes setting the ethical boundaries for medical artificial intelligence and safeguarding both patient rights and data integrity. This consensus governs every facet of medical data handling through artificial intelligence, encompassing data gathering, processing, storage, transmission, utilization, and sharing. Its purpose is to ensure the management of medical data adheres to ethical standards and legal requirements, while safeguarding patient privacy and data security. Concurrently, the principles of compliance with the law, patient privacy respect, patient interest protection, and safety and reliability are underscored. Key issues such as informed consent, data usage, intellectual property protection, conflict of interest, and benefit sharing are examined in depth. The enactment of this expert consensus is intended to foster the profound integration and sustainable advancement of artificial intelligence within the medical domain, while simultaneously ensuring that artificial intelligence adheres strictly to the relevant ethical norms and legal frameworks during the processing of medical data.
Artificial Intelligence/legislation & jurisprudence* ; Humans ; Consensus ; Computer Security/standards* ; Confidentiality/ethics* ; Informed Consent/ethics*

The plants of Rutaceae, with wide distribution in China, have a long history of medicinal use. They contain a wide variety of alkaloids, which include isoquinolines, quinolines, acridones, carbazoles, and indoles. Pharmacological studies have shown that most of these alkaloids have antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antidiabetic and other activities. This article summarized 378 alkaloids isolated from plants of Rutaceae and their pharmacological effects, aiming to lay a basis for future drug development and sustainable utilization of plant resources.
Alkaloids/chemistry* ; Humans ; Rutaceae/chemistry* ; Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry* ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents/chemistry*