OBJECTIVE: Observational studies have found associations between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and the risk of dementia, including Alzheimer's dementia (AD) and vascular dementia (VD); however, these findings are inconsistent. It remains unclear whether these associations are causal. METHODS: We conducted a meta-analysis by systematically searching for observational studies on the association between IBD and dementia. Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis based on summary genome-wide association studies (GWASs) was performed. Genetic correlation and Bayesian co-localization analyses were used to provide robust genetic evidence. RESULTS: Ten observational studies involving 80,565,688 participants were included in this meta-analysis. IBD was significantly associated with dementia (risk ratio [ RR] =1.36, 95% CI = 1.04-1.78; I ² = 84.8%) and VD ( RR = 2.60, 95% CI = 1.18-5.70; only one study), but not with AD ( RR = 2.00, 95% CI = 0.96-4.13; I ² = 99.8%). MR analyses did not supported significant causal associations of IBD with dementia (dementia: odds ratio [ OR] = 1.01, 95% CI = 0.98-1.03; AD: OR = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.95-1.01; VD: OR = 1.02, 95% CI = 0.97-1.07). In addition, genetic correlation and co-localization analyses did not reveal any genetic associations between IBD and dementia. CONCLUSION Our study did not provide genetic evidence for a causal association between IBD and dementia risk. The increased risk of dementia observed in observational studies may be attributed to unobserved confounding factors or detection bias.
Humans ; Mendelian Randomization Analysis ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/complications* ; Dementia/etiology* ; Observational Studies as Topic ; Genome-Wide Association Study

Objective To identify disulfidptosis-related gene(DRG)in acute myocardial infarction(AMI)by bioinformatics,analyze the molecular pattern of DRGs in AMI,and construct a DRGs-related prediction model.Methods AMI-related datasets were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database,and DRGs with differential expression were screened in AMI.CIBERSORT method was used to analyze the immune infiltration.Based on the differentially expressed DRGs,the AMI patients were classified into distinct subtypes via consensus clustering,followed by immune infiltration analysis,differential expression analysis,gene ontology and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes enrichment analysis,and gene set variation analysis.Weighted gene co-expression network analysis(WGCNA)was then performed to construct subtype-associated modules and identify hub genes.Finally,least absolute shrinkage and selection operator,random forest,and support vector machine-recursive feature elimination were used to screen feature genes to construct a DRGs-related prediction model.The model's diagnostic efficacy was evaluated by nomogram and receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis,followed by external validation.Results Nine differentially expressed DRGs were identified between AMI patients and controls.Based on the expression levels of these nine DRGs,AMI patients were divided into two DRGs subtypes,C1 and C2.Increased infiltration of monocytes,M0 macrophages,and neutrophils was observed in AMI patients and C1 subtype(all P<0.05),indicating a close correlation between DRGs and immune cells.There were 257 differentially expressed genes between the C1 and C2 subtypes,which were related to biological processes such as myeloid leukocyte activation and positive regulation of cytokines.Fcγ receptor-mediated phagocytosis and NOD-like receptor signaling pathway activity were enhanced in C1 subtype.WGCNA analysis suggested that the brown module exhibited the strongest correlation with DRG subtypes(r=0.67),from which 23 differentially expressed genes were identified.The feature genes screened by three machine learning methods were interpolated to obtain a DRGs-related prediction model consisting of three genes(AQP9,F5 and PYGL).Nomogram and ROC curves(AUC_train=0.891,AUC_test=0.840)showed good diagnostic efficacy.Conclusions DRGs were closely related to the occurrence and progression of AMI.The DRGs-related prediction model consisting of AQP9,F5 and PYGL may provide targets for the diagnosis and personalized treatment of AMI.
Humans ; Myocardial Infarction/diagnosis* ; Transcriptome ; Computational Biology ; Gene Expression Profiling ; ROC Curve ; Gene Regulatory Networks ; Nomograms ; Disulfidptosis

Objective This study aimed to investigate the potential relationship between urinary metals copper (Cu), arsenic (As), strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), iron (Fe), lead (Pb) and manganese (Mn) and grip strength. Methods We used linear regression models, quantile g-computation and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) to assess the relationship between metals and grip strength.Results In the multimetal linear regression, Cu (β=-2.119), As (β=-1.318), Sr (β=-2.480), Ba (β=0.781), Fe (β= 1.130) and Mn (β=-0.404) were significantly correlated with grip strength (P < 0.05). The results of the quantile g-computation showed that the risk of occurrence of grip strength reduction was -1.007 (95％ confidence interval:-1.362, -0.652; P < 0.001) when each quartile of the mixture of the seven metals was increased. Bayesian kernel function regression model analysis showed that mixtures of the seven metals had a negative overall effect on grip strength, with Cu, As and Sr being negatively associated with grip strength levels. In the total population, potential interactions were observed between As and Mn and between Cu and Mn (Pinteractions of 0.003 and 0.018, respectively).Conclusion In summary, this study suggests that combined exposure to metal mixtures is negatively associated with grip strength. Cu, Sr and As were negatively correlated with grip strength levels, and there were potential interactions between As and Mn and between Cu and Mn.

Traumatic supraorbital fissure syndrome (TSOFS) is a symptom complex caused by nerve entrapment in the supraorbital fissure after skull base trauma. If the compressed cranial nerve in the supraorbital fissure is not decompressed surgically, ptosis, diplopia and eye movement disorder may exist for a long time and seriously affect the patients′ quality of life. Since its overall incidence is not high, it is not familiarized with the majority of neurosurgeons and some TSOFS may be complicated with skull base vascular injury. If the supraorbital fissure surgery is performed without treatment of vascular injury, it may cause massive hemorrhage, and disability and even life-threatening in severe cases. At present, there is no consensus or guideline on the diagnosis and treatment of TSOFS that can be referred to both domestically and internationally. To improve the understanding of TSOFS among clinical physicians and establish standardized diagnosis and treatment plans, the Skull Base Trauma Group of the Neurorepair Professional Committee of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association, Neurotrauma Group of the Neurosurgery Branch of the Chinese Medical Association, Neurotrauma Group of the Traumatology Branch of the Chinese Medical Association, and Editorial Committee of Chinese Journal of Trauma organized relevant experts to formulate Chinese expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of traumatic supraorbital fissure syndrome ( version 2024) based on evidence of evidence-based medicine and clinical experience of diagnosis and treatment. This consensus puts forward 12 recommendations on the diagnosis, classification, treatment, efficacy evaluation and follow-up of TSOFS, aiming to provide references for neurosurgeons from hospitals of all levels to standardize the diagnosis and treatment of TSOFS.

As artificial intelligence technology rapidly advances, its deployment within the medical sector presents substantial ethical challenges. Consequently, it becomes crucial to create a standardized, transparent, and secure framework for processing medical data. This includes setting the ethical boundaries for medical artificial intelligence and safeguarding both patient rights and data integrity. This consensus governs every facet of medical data handling through artificial intelligence, encompassing data gathering, processing, storage, transmission, utilization, and sharing. Its purpose is to ensure the management of medical data adheres to ethical standards and legal requirements, while safeguarding patient privacy and data security. Concurrently, the principles of compliance with the law, patient privacy respect, patient interest protection, and safety and reliability are underscored. Key issues such as informed consent, data usage, intellectual property protection, conflict of interest, and benefit sharing are examined in depth. The enactment of this expert consensus is intended to foster the profound integration and sustainable advancement of artificial intelligence within the medical domain, while simultaneously ensuring that artificial intelligence adheres strictly to the relevant ethical norms and legal frameworks during the processing of medical data.
Artificial Intelligence/legislation & jurisprudence* ; Humans ; Consensus ; Computer Security/standards* ; Confidentiality/ethics* ; Informed Consent/ethics*

OBJECTIVE To study the effect and mechanism of dihydrochromone-spliced polycyclic pyrrole-spiroepoxidole compound 3m on cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. METHODS Using human cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma A431 and Colo-16 cells as research subjects， CCK-8 assay was used to detect the effects of different concentrations of 3m （5， 10， 20， 40， 80 μmol/L） on the proliferation of A431 and Colo-16 cells after 24， 48 and 72 hours； the median inhibitory concentration （IC50） was calculated at 48 h of treatment. A431 and Colo-16 cells were divided into control group， 3m low-concentration and high- concentration groups （15， 30 μmol/L）. After treated with relevant drugs or culture medium for 48 h， the morphological changes of cells in each group were observed by inverted microscope. Clone formation rate， migration rate and number of cell invasions， cell cycle distribution and apoptosis rate were detected. The phosphorylation， or expression of Janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 （JAK2/STAT3） signaling pathway related proteins [JAK2， STAT3， B-cell lymphocyte-2 （Bcl-2）， Bcl-2- associated X protein （Bax）]， and their mRNA expression in cells were detected. RESULTS 3m could significantly inhibit the proliferation of A431 and Colo-16 cells after treated for 24， 48， 72 h （P＜0.01）， and IC50 of them were 20.36， 23.72 μmol/L， respectively. After 48 hours of treatment， compared with control group， A431 and Colo-16 cells arranged sparsely and loosely connected in 3m low-concentration and high-concentration groups. The clone formation rate， migration rate， number of cell invasions， mRNA expressions of JAK2， STAT3 and Bcl-2， the phosphorylation of JAK2 and STAT3， protein expression of Bcl-2 were significantly decreased/weakened （P＜0.01）. Proportion of cell cycle in G2 phase， apoptosis rate， protein and mRNA expression of Bax were increased significantly （P＜0.01）； and all the above effects were in dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS 3m can inhibit the proliferation， clone formation， migration and invasion abilities of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma A431 and Colo-16 cells in a dose-dependent manner， the mechanism of which may be associated with inhibiting the activity of JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway， and inducing cell apoptosis.

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease that poses a serious threat to human health. About a quarter of the world's population were infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis in 2020, and the majority of them were latently infected. Approximately 5%-10% of the population with latent tuberculosis infection may progress to active TB disease. Identifying latent TB infection from active TB by biomarkers and screening people with latent TB infection at high risk of progression for preventive treatment by biomarkers that can reliably predict the progression is one of the most effective strategies to control TB. This article reviews the progress of research on transcriptional and immunological biomarkers for identifying TB infection and predicting the progression from latent infection to active TB, with the aim of providing new ideas for tuberculosis control.
Humans ; Latent Tuberculosis/diagnosis* ; Tuberculosis/diagnosis* ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis/genetics* ; Biomarkers

Humans ; Consensus ; Hypersensitivity ; Desensitization, Immunologic/adverse effects* ; Immunotherapy/adverse effects* ; Injections, Subcutaneous ; Allergens

This study aimed to investigate the development status of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) intervention in psoriasis in recent ten years, analyze the research hotspots, and summarize the development trends to provide reference materials for scholars in this field. Taking the available literature related to the field of TCM intervention in psoriasis as the research object, the trends, contents, and source publications were statistically analyzed based on bibliometrics. The research cooperation and co-occurrence of keywords in this field were studied by the knowledge map analysis method based on CiteSpace. The total number of Chinese papers was 2 993 and English papers 285. In terms of publication trend, the annual publication of English papers was low but showed an obvious upward trend, while the increase in Chinese papers fluctuated and tended to be flat. In terms of the content of Chinese papers published, TCM ranked first according to the discipline(2 415). In English papers, the number of publications in pharmacology and pharmaceutical science was the highest(87). Literature source analysis showed that the Chinese and English journals with the most publications were China Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy and Evidence Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, respectively. Beijing University of Chinese Medicine published the most dissertations in China(99). The authors with the most publications in Chinese and English were LI Bin(Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine) and LU Chuan-jian(Guangdong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine). As revealed by the CiteSpace analysis of the research cooperation network, there were four mature and stable core teams in this field, but the cooperation intensity between different teams was weak. According to the keywords co-occurrence knowledge graph constructed by CiteSpace, the current hot keywords in this field are as follows: psoriasis, blood-heat syndrome, blood-stasis syndrome, fire needle, blood-dryness type, imiquimod, TCM bath, etiology and pathogenesis, cytokines, cupping therapy, etc. In summary, Chinese scholars have conducted active exploration and research in the field of TCM intervention in psoriasis in recent ten years. The overall development trend is good, and the breadth and depth of the research are constantly extending. It is suggested that relevant research should be free from discipline restrictions and strive for interdisciplinary integration.
Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Psoriasis/drug therapy*

Objective:To analyze clinical characteristics and high-frequency ultrasound features of localized scleroderma, and to construct and validate a non-invasive prediction model for staging of skin lesions based on the high-frequency ultrasound features.Methods:Patients with localized scleroderma were retrospectively collected from the Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from February 1, 2021 to February 28, 2023, and clinical data as well as high-frequency ultrasound and pathologic features of 85 lesions from these patients were analyzed. Lesions were divided into modeling cohort and validation cohort according to the chronological order of patient enrollment. The univariate analysis and multivariable logistic regression models were used to analyze the independent influential factors in the staging of localized scleroderma lesions in the modeling cohort, construct the regression equation, and to build a nomogram prediction model. The Bootstrap validation method was used for internal validation, and the predictive performance of the nomogram model in the modeling cohort and validation cohort was further evaluated by the calibration curve and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.Results:In the modeling cohort, 60 patients with localized scleroderma, including 16 males and 44 females, were enrolled, with the age [ M ( Q1, Q3) ] being 22.0 (10.0, 39.2) years, and there were 28 lesions in the oedematous phase and 32 lesions in the fibrotic and atrophic phase; in the validation cohort, 25 patients with localized scleroderma, including 8 males and 17 females, were enrolled, with the age being 18.0 (7.0, 30.0) years, and there were 9 lesions in the oedematous phase and 16 lesions in the fibrotic and atrophic phase. Univariate analysis in the modeling cohort showed no significant differences in the age and gender of patients or the location of lesions between the oedematous phase group and the fibrotic and atrophic phase group (all P > 0.05) ; compared with the oedematous phase group, the fibrotic and atrophic phase group showed an increased proportion of patients with disease duration ≥ 2 years (20/32 cases vs. 10/28 cases, χ2 = 4.29, P = 0.038), decreased thicknesses of the subcutaneous fat layer in skin lesions (1.4 [0.0, 26.0] mm vs. 1.8 [0.1, 14.3] mm, Z = -2.14, P = 0.032), increased decrements in the subcutaneous fat layer thickness in the lesional sites compared with non-lesional control sites (1.8 [0.5, 11.0] vs. 0.3 [-1.9, 8.0] mm, Z = -4.72, P < 0.001), increased ratios of the lesional elasticity values to control elasticity values (2.9 [1.8, 6.9] vs. 1.8 [1.1, 5.9], Z = -4.34, P < 0.001), and increased ultrasound-based lesional activity scores (5.0 [3.0, 8.0] points vs. 3.0 [0.0, 5.0] points, Z = -4.76, P < 0.001). Multivariable logistic stepwise regression analysis showed that the disease duration ≥ 2 years ( P = 0.032), increased ratios of the lesional elasticity values to control elasticity values ( P = 0.019), increased ultrasound-based lesional activity scores ( P = 0.013), and increased decrements in the subcutaneous fat layer thickness in the lesions compared with the controls ( P = 0.013) helped to confirm localized scleroderma lesions in the fibrotic and atrophic phase. Based on the results of regression analysis, a total of 4 factors were included in the nomogram prediction model, including the disease duration, the decrement in the subcutaneous fat layer thickness in lesions compared with controls, the ratio of the lesional elasticity values to control elasticity values, and the ultrasound-based lesional activity score; additionally, the constructed logistic regression model formula for predicting the probability (p) of skin lesions in fibrotic and atrophic phase was "ln (p/[1 - p]) = -9.595 + 2.204 × the disease duration + 0.784 × the decrement in the subcutaneous fat layer thickness in the lesions compared with the controls (mm) + 0.887 × the ratio of the lesional elasticity values to control elasticity values + 1.374 × the ultrasound-based lesional activity score". The calibration curve showed a good predictive performance of the model through the Bootstrap validation method, and the ROC curve demonstrated good discrimination and accuracy (modeling cohort: area under the curve = 0.936, 95% CI: 0.879 - 0.994; validation cohort: area under the curve = 0.889, 95% CI: 0.748 - 1.000) . Conclusions:High-frequency ultrasound could provide essential details for staging the localized scleroderma lesions. Based on the disease duration, subcutaneous fat layer thickness, skin elasticity values, and ultrasound-based lesional activity scores, the constructed prediction model could predict the stages of localized scleroderma lesions with excellent discrimination, accuracy, and predictive performance.