OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of elderly patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). METHODS: Clinical data of elderly DLBCL patients diagnosed pathologically between 2010 and 2015 were extracted from the SEER database. Cox proportional hazards model was used for multivariate analysis, and Kaplan-Meier survival curves were plotted to explore the prognostic factors affecting overall survival (OS). RESULTS: A total of 11 523 elderly DLBCL patients were included, of whom 58.6% had stage Ⅲ/Ⅳ disease, and 28.8% exhibited extranodal involvement. Besides lymph nodes (68.5%), common primary extranodal sites included the gastrointestinal tract (9.8%) and lip, mouth, and pharynx (4.1%). The median survival time for the entire cohort was 47 months, with a 3-year survival rate of 52.0%, and a 5-year survival rate of 47.8%. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that age, sex, race, Ann Arbor stage, primary site, B symptoms, treatment modality, treatment sequence, and whether DLBCL was the first malignant primary indicator were independent prognostic factors affecting OS in elderly DLBCL patients (all P <0.05). CONCLUSION Age≥70 years, male, black race, advanced Ann Arbor stage, primary sites in the lungs, liver, or kidney, presence of B symptoms, and preoperative systemic therapy were independent risk factors for poor prognosis in elderly DLBCL patients.
Humans ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/diagnosis* ; Prognosis ; Aged ; Male ; Female ; Survival Rate ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Aged, 80 and over ; Kaplan-Meier Estimate ; Neoplasm Staging

OBJECTIVE: To explore the neuroprotective effects of Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction (XFZYD) based on in vivo and metabolomics experiments. METHODS: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) was induced via a controlled cortical impact (CCI) method. Thirty rats were randomly divided into 3 groups (10 for each): sham, CCI and XFZYD groups (9 g/kg). The administration was performed by intragastric administration for 3 days. Neurological functions tests, histology staining, coagulation and haemorheology assays, and Western blot were examined. Untargeted metabolomics was employed to identify metabolites. The key metabolite was validated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunofluorescence. RESULTS: XFZYD significantly alleviated neurological dysfunction in CCI model rats (P<0.01) but had no impact on coagulation function. As evidenced by Evans blue and IgG staining, XFZYD effectively prevented blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption (P<0.05, P<0.01). Moreover, XFZYD not only increased the expression of collagen IV, occludin and zona occludens 1 but also decreased matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), which protected BBB integrity (all P<0.05). Nine potential metabolites were identified, and all of them were reversed by XFZYD. Adenosine was the most significantly altered metabolite related to BBB repair. XFZYD significantly reduced the level of equilibrative nucleoside transporter 2 (ENT2) and increased adenosine (P<0.01), which may improve BBB integrity. CONCLUSIONS XFZYD ameliorates BBB disruption after TBI by decreasing the levels of MMP-9 and COX-2. Through further exploration via metabolomics, we found that XFZYD may exert a protective effect on BBB by regulating adenosine metabolism via ENT2.
Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use* ; Blood-Brain Barrier/metabolism* ; Brain Injuries, Traumatic/metabolism* ; Adenosine/metabolism* ; Male ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Rats

Ischemic stroke (IS) is a globally life-threatening disease. Presently, few therapeutic medicines are available for treating IS, and rt-PA is the only drug approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the US. In fact, many agents showing excellent neuroprotection but no blood flow-improving activity in animals have not achieved ideal clinical efficacy, while thrombolytic drugs only improving blood flow without neuroprotection have limited their wider application. To address these challenges and meet the huge unmet clinical need, we have designed and identified a novel compound AAPB with dual effects of neuroprotection and cerebral blood flow improvement. AAPB significantly reduced cerebral infarction and neural function deficit in tMCAO rats, pMCAO rats, and IS rhesus monkeys, as well as displayed exceptional safety profiles and excellent pharmacokinetic properties in rats and dogs. AAPB has now entered phase I of clinical trials fighting IS in China.

Objective To investigate the risk factors for bronchopulmonary dysplasia(BPD)in twin preterm infants with a gestational age of<34 weeks,and to provide a basis for early identification of BPD in twin preterm infants in clinical practice.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for the twin preterm infants with a gestational age of<34 weeks who were admitted to 22 hospitals nationwide from January 2018 to December 2020.According to their conditions,they were divided into group A(both twins had BPD),group B(only one twin had BPD),and group C(neither twin had BPD).The risk factors for BPD in twin preterm infants were analyzed.Further analysis was conducted on group B to investigate the postnatal risk factors for BPD within twins.Results A total of 904 pairs of twins with a gestational age of<34 weeks were included in this study.The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that compared with group C,birth weight discordance of>25%between the twins was an independent risk factor for BPD in one of the twins(OR=3.370,95%CI:1.500-7.568,P<0.05),and high gestational age at birth was a protective factor against BPD(P<0.05).The conditional logistic regression analysis of group B showed that small-for-gestational-age(SGA)birth was an independent risk factor for BPD in individual twins(OR=5.017,95%CI:1.040-24.190,P<0.05).Conclusions The development of BPD in twin preterm infants is associated with gestational age,birth weight discordance between the twins,and SGA birth.

Humans ; Ascites/etiology* ; Liver Cirrhosis/complications* ; Cholecystectomy/adverse effects*

Many Chinese medicinal materials, vegetable oils and extracts, and even Chinese patent medicines are spicy, which influences the medication compliance of patients, especially children. Different from the sour, sweet, bitter, salty, and umami tastes, it is a painful sensation formed when the spicy substances stimulate the nerve endings. At the moment, there are a few studies on the spicy components and mechanism and masking technology for the spicy flavor of Chinese medicine in the pharmaceutical industry, and the findings in food science are usually taken as a reference, which fail to guide the masking of the spicy flavor in Chinese medicine preparations. According to literature research, the exterior-releasing medicine, dampness-resolving medicine, and interior-warming medicine are spicy, especially some vegetable oils and extracts. Taking Zingiberis Rhizoma and prescriptions containing this medicinal as an example, the spicy components in Chinese medicine and the structure-activity characteristics were analyzed to reveal the mechanism for the spicy flavor: spicy components activate the transient receptor potential vanilloid subfamily member 1(TRPV1). The advantages and disadvantages of separation, neutralization with sugar, and inclusion for the masking of the spicy flavor were summarized and the applicability in Chinese medicine was analyzed. Moreover, the future development direction was put forward. This study is expected to promote the development of spicy masking technology for Chinese medicine prescriptions for children.
Child ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Spices ; Technology ; Plant Oils ; Plant Extracts

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of EBV-DNA copy number on the prognosis of patients with EBV positive lymphoma. METHODS: Clinical data of 109 patients diagnosed as EBV positive lymphoma in Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital from January 2010 to January 2020 were enrolled and analyzed retrospectively. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used for survival analysis, Log-rank was used to compare the clinical characteristics between the patients in different groups, and Cox regression was used for multivariate analysis. RESULTS: Among the 109 patients with EBV-positive lymphoma, the medium age were 56 (range 15 to 83) years old. 29 patients at Ann Arbor stage I-II while 80 patients at stage III-IV. The average value of EBV-DNA was 1 023 510 IU/ml, 7 patients were higher than the average value, while 102 patients were lower. KM survival analysis showed that OS and PFS in patients with EBV-DNA above average level were shorter than those in patients with EBV-DNA below average level (OS: P=0.048, PFS: P=0.001), EBV-DNA copy number was a factor affecting the prognosis of patients. In addition, LDH level showed positive correlation with EBV-DNA copy number (r=0.650), which was also one of the factors affecting OS (P=0.053). CONCLUSION EBV-DNA copy number and LDH level can influence the prognosis of EBV positive lymphoma patients. Therefore, detection of EBV-DNA copy number in peripheral blood is important for evaluate the prognosis the patients.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; DNA Copy Number Variations ; DNA, Viral ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; Humans ; Lymphoma ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Young Adult

As a new technology with unique drug delivery advantages， nanoemulsion has been widely used in the field of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） preparations. By searching， classifying and sorting out the literature reports at home and abroad in recent years， this paper systematically expounded the application advantages and production mechanism of nanoemulsion in delivering effective components of TCM from three aspects of improving oral bioavailability， enhancing targeting effect and delaying drug release. The current formulation optimization strategies， preparation processes and quality evaluation indicators commonly used in TCM nanoemulsion were summarized. Based on the research status of TCM nanoemulsion with different active components， the common problems and possible solutions in the development of TCM nanoemulsion were discussed， and the future research hotspots and directions of TCM nanoemulsion were prospected. This article clarifies the feasibility of nanoemulsion for enriching the selection of TCM dosage forms， which can provide reference for the subsequent rational design and improvement of TCM preparations. At the same time， it is revealed that the research focus of TCM nanoemulsion in the future lies in the integrated research of TCM compounds， and shows a trend of multi-disciplinary joint and targeted research.

In recent years, osteoporosis (OP) has become one of the main diseases affecting the health of middle-aged and elderly people in China, and the prevalence of OP has increased significantly. The clinical diagnosis and treatment guidelines for this disease are also constantly updated. The overall principles speciallyemphasise that doctors and patients need to work together to negotiate the details of the diagnosis and treatment guidelines, in order to improve the OP clinical diagnosis and treatment rate. Therefore, patients′ knowledge of the disease, understanding of clinical guidelines, and cooperation with doctors to implement diagnosis and treatment plans are very important. In this study, from the most concerned issues of the patients, we established the OP patient practice guideline working group. 14 recommendations, as the OP patient practice guidelines, are proposed in accordance with the relevant principles of the "World Health Organization guidelines development manual" and the international normative process.

Objective: To observe the effect of Shenghuitang on learning and memory and expressions of interleukin-6(IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) and cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2) in hippocampus of chronic sleep deprived mice, in order to explore the possible mechanism of Shenghuitang in improving learning and memory ability. Method: Mice were randomly divided into sleep deprivation group, blank group, melatonin group(7.8×10^-4 g·kg^-1·d^-1), high, middle and low-dose Shenghuitang groups(54,27,13.5 g·kg^-1·d^-1). The model of chronic sleep deprivation in mice was established using the "multi-platform water environment method". 28 d sleep deprivation and intragastric administration were provided. Morris water maze was used to detect the learning and memory ability of mice in each group. Real time-PCR was used to detect mRNA expressions of IL-6, TNF-α and COX-2 in the hippocampus of each group. Result: The results of Morris water maze test showed that compared with the blank group, the total time spent on finding the platform and the total swimming distance of the model group were significantly prolonged (P<0.01), while the number of crossing platforms and the target quadrant were significantly reduced (P<0.01). The time for the original platform was significantly increased (P<0.01). Compared with the model group, the total time spent on finding the platform and the total swimming distance decreased significantly in each drug-administered group (P<0.05,P<0.01) reduced, whereas the number of times for crossing the platform and the target quadrant increased significantly (P<0.05,P<0.01). The time for the first arrival of the original platform was significantly reduced (P<0.05,P<0.01). The results of RT-PCR showed that mRNA expressions of IL-6, TNF-α, and COX-2 were increased in the model group compared with the blank group. Compared with the model group, mRNA expressions of IL-6, TNF-α, and COX-2 were decreased in the treated group. COX-2 mRNA expression was down-regulated. Conclusion: Shenghuitang may improve the learning and memory ability of mice by decreasing mRNA expressions of IL-6, TNF-α and COX-2 in hippocampus.