Postoperative infection of internal fixation of closed fractures the lower limbs in adults represents a devastating complication, characterized by diagnostic challenges, prolonged treatment duration and high disability rates. Current management of these infections faces multiple challenges, such as difficulties in early accurate diagnosis, and various controversies about the treatment plan, leading to poor overall diagnosis and treatment results. To address these issues, based on evidence-based medicine and principles with emphasis on scientific rigor, clinical applicability and innovation, the Trauma Branch of the Chinese Medical Association, Orthopedic Branch of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association, Orthopedics Branch of the Chinese Medical Association, and Trauma Orthopedics and Polytrauma Group of the Resuscitation and Emergency Committee of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association have collaboratively organized a panel of relevant experts to develop the Guideline for diagnosis and treatment of infection after internal fixation of closed lower limb fractures in adults ( version 2025). The guideline proposed 10 recommendations, aiming to provide a foundation for standardized diagnosis and treatment of postoperative infection in adults with closed lower limb fractures.

Postoperative infection of internal fixation of closed fractures the lower limbs in adults represents a devastating complication, characterized by diagnostic challenges, prolonged treatment duration and high disability rates. Current management of these infections faces multiple challenges, such as difficulties in early accurate diagnosis, and various controversies about the treatment plan, leading to poor overall diagnosis and treatment results. To address these issues, based on evidence-based medicine and principles with emphasis on scientific rigor, clinical applicability and innovation, the Trauma Branch of the Chinese Medical Association, Orthopedic Branch of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association, Orthopedics Branch of the Chinese Medical Association, and Trauma Orthopedics and Polytrauma Group of the Resuscitation and Emergency Committee of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association have collaboratively organized a panel of relevant experts to develop the Guideline for diagnosis and treatment of infection after internal fixation of closed lower limb fractures in adults ( version 2025). The guideline proposed 10 recommendations, aiming to provide a foundation for standardized diagnosis and treatment of postoperative infection in adults with closed lower limb fractures.

Objective To explore the effect and mechanism of Shenqi Jieyu Formula(SQJYF)on depression and anxiety-like behavior in adult offspring rats after maternal separation(MS).This was done by observing the levels of metabolites in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of the Papez circuit through magnetic resonance spectroscopy(MRS).Methods Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley rats at 16 days of pregnancy were divided into the normal,model,SQJYF,and fluoxetine groups using the random number table method,with six rats per group.MS was performed 4 h a day from the first to the 21st day afterbirth.Starting from the 15th day,the corresponding medications(SQJYF group:12.5 g/kg,fluxetine group:2.33 mg/kg)were administered to mother rats once a day for 7 consecutive days.Normal breastfeeding was performed during the gavage.The offspring rats were weaned on the 22nd day.According to the experimental grouping of mother rats,one male and one female offspring rat of each mother rat were randomly selected using the random number table method,with six rats per group.They were divided into normal,model,SQJYF,and fluoxetine female and male rat groups,respectively.After 8 weeks of feeding,the offspring rats in each group were subjected to forced swimming test(FST),the sucrose water consumption test,and open field tests(OFT),and the elevated plus maze(EPM)test was conducted.The relative values of N-acetyl-aspartate(NAA),choline(Cho),glutamic acid(Glu),myo-inositol(mI),and creatine(Cr)in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex were detected using MRS.Results Compared with that of the normal female and male rat groups,the weight of the rats in the model group was decreased as well as sucrose water consumption and the horizontal and vertical scores of OFT,whereas the immobility time of FST increased.Compared with the normal female and male rat group,the NAA/Cr and Glu/Cr values in the bilateral hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of the female and male rats in the model group decreased(all P＜0.01).The proportion of rats entering the open arm and open arm residence time of the model female rat group in the EPM test decreased,whereas the Cho/Cr value of the right hippocampus of the female rats in the model group increased(P＜0.05).Compared with the model female and male rat group,the weight of the rats in the SQJYF and fluoxetine groups increased,the immobility time of FST decreased,but the sucrose water consumption and the horizontal and vertical OFT scores increased(P＜0.01).The proportion of rats entering the open arm and open arm residence time in the EPM increased in the SQJYF and fluoxetine female rat groups compared to those of the model female rat group(P＜0.01).Compared with the model female rat group,the NAA/Cr and Glu/Cr values in the bilateral hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of female rats in the SQJYF and fluoxetine groups increased.The NAA/Cr and Glu/Cr values in the right hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of male rats in the SQJYF and fluoxetine groups were higher than those in the model group(P＜0.05),whereas the Cho/Cr value in the right hippocampus of female and male rats in the SQJYF and fluoxetine groups decreased(P＜0.05).Conclusion MS in early life can lead to depression and anxiety-like behavior in adult offspring.However,SQJYF may exert antidepressant and anti-anxiety effects by regulating the metabolite levels in related brain regions of the Papez circuit.

Objective To explore the effect and mechanism of Shenqi Jieyu Formula(SQJYF)on depression and anxiety-like behavior in adult offspring rats after maternal separation(MS).This was done by observing the levels of metabolites in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of the Papez circuit through magnetic resonance spectroscopy(MRS).Methods Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley rats at 16 days of pregnancy were divided into the normal,model,SQJYF,and fluoxetine groups using the random number table method,with six rats per group.MS was performed 4 h a day from the first to the 21st day afterbirth.Starting from the 15th day,the corresponding medications(SQJYF group:12.5 g/kg,fluxetine group:2.33 mg/kg)were administered to mother rats once a day for 7 consecutive days.Normal breastfeeding was performed during the gavage.The offspring rats were weaned on the 22nd day.According to the experimental grouping of mother rats,one male and one female offspring rat of each mother rat were randomly selected using the random number table method,with six rats per group.They were divided into normal,model,SQJYF,and fluoxetine female and male rat groups,respectively.After 8 weeks of feeding,the offspring rats in each group were subjected to forced swimming test(FST),the sucrose water consumption test,and open field tests(OFT),and the elevated plus maze(EPM)test was conducted.The relative values of N-acetyl-aspartate(NAA),choline(Cho),glutamic acid(Glu),myo-inositol(mI),and creatine(Cr)in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex were detected using MRS.Results Compared with that of the normal female and male rat groups,the weight of the rats in the model group was decreased as well as sucrose water consumption and the horizontal and vertical scores of OFT,whereas the immobility time of FST increased.Compared with the normal female and male rat group,the NAA/Cr and Glu/Cr values in the bilateral hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of the female and male rats in the model group decreased(all P＜0.01).The proportion of rats entering the open arm and open arm residence time of the model female rat group in the EPM test decreased,whereas the Cho/Cr value of the right hippocampus of the female rats in the model group increased(P＜0.05).Compared with the model female and male rat group,the weight of the rats in the SQJYF and fluoxetine groups increased,the immobility time of FST decreased,but the sucrose water consumption and the horizontal and vertical OFT scores increased(P＜0.01).The proportion of rats entering the open arm and open arm residence time in the EPM increased in the SQJYF and fluoxetine female rat groups compared to those of the model female rat group(P＜0.01).Compared with the model female rat group,the NAA/Cr and Glu/Cr values in the bilateral hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of female rats in the SQJYF and fluoxetine groups increased.The NAA/Cr and Glu/Cr values in the right hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of male rats in the SQJYF and fluoxetine groups were higher than those in the model group(P＜0.05),whereas the Cho/Cr value in the right hippocampus of female and male rats in the SQJYF and fluoxetine groups decreased(P＜0.05).Conclusion MS in early life can lead to depression and anxiety-like behavior in adult offspring.However,SQJYF may exert antidepressant and anti-anxiety effects by regulating the metabolite levels in related brain regions of the Papez circuit.

Objective To explore the effect and mechanism of Shenqi Jieyu Formula(SQJYF)on depression and anxiety-like behavior in adult offspring rats after maternal separation(MS).This was done by observing the levels of metabolites in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of the Papez circuit through magnetic resonance spectroscopy(MRS).Methods Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley rats at 16 days of pregnancy were divided into the normal,model,SQJYF,and fluoxetine groups using the random number table method,with six rats per group.MS was performed 4 h a day from the first to the 21st day afterbirth.Starting from the 15th day,the corresponding medications(SQJYF group:12.5 g/kg,fluxetine group:2.33 mg/kg)were administered to mother rats once a day for 7 consecutive days.Normal breastfeeding was performed during the gavage.The offspring rats were weaned on the 22nd day.According to the experimental grouping of mother rats,one male and one female offspring rat of each mother rat were randomly selected using the random number table method,with six rats per group.They were divided into normal,model,SQJYF,and fluoxetine female and male rat groups,respectively.After 8 weeks of feeding,the offspring rats in each group were subjected to forced swimming test(FST),the sucrose water consumption test,and open field tests(OFT),and the elevated plus maze(EPM)test was conducted.The relative values of N-acetyl-aspartate(NAA),choline(Cho),glutamic acid(Glu),myo-inositol(mI),and creatine(Cr)in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex were detected using MRS.Results Compared with that of the normal female and male rat groups,the weight of the rats in the model group was decreased as well as sucrose water consumption and the horizontal and vertical scores of OFT,whereas the immobility time of FST increased.Compared with the normal female and male rat group,the NAA/Cr and Glu/Cr values in the bilateral hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of the female and male rats in the model group decreased(all P＜0.01).The proportion of rats entering the open arm and open arm residence time of the model female rat group in the EPM test decreased,whereas the Cho/Cr value of the right hippocampus of the female rats in the model group increased(P＜0.05).Compared with the model female and male rat group,the weight of the rats in the SQJYF and fluoxetine groups increased,the immobility time of FST decreased,but the sucrose water consumption and the horizontal and vertical OFT scores increased(P＜0.01).The proportion of rats entering the open arm and open arm residence time in the EPM increased in the SQJYF and fluoxetine female rat groups compared to those of the model female rat group(P＜0.01).Compared with the model female rat group,the NAA/Cr and Glu/Cr values in the bilateral hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of female rats in the SQJYF and fluoxetine groups increased.The NAA/Cr and Glu/Cr values in the right hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of male rats in the SQJYF and fluoxetine groups were higher than those in the model group(P＜0.05),whereas the Cho/Cr value in the right hippocampus of female and male rats in the SQJYF and fluoxetine groups decreased(P＜0.05).Conclusion MS in early life can lead to depression and anxiety-like behavior in adult offspring.However,SQJYF may exert antidepressant and anti-anxiety effects by regulating the metabolite levels in related brain regions of the Papez circuit.

Objective To explore the effect and mechanism of Shenqi Jieyu Formula(SQJYF)on depression and anxiety-like behavior in adult offspring rats after maternal separation(MS).This was done by observing the levels of metabolites in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of the Papez circuit through magnetic resonance spectroscopy(MRS).Methods Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley rats at 16 days of pregnancy were divided into the normal,model,SQJYF,and fluoxetine groups using the random number table method,with six rats per group.MS was performed 4 h a day from the first to the 21st day afterbirth.Starting from the 15th day,the corresponding medications(SQJYF group:12.5 g/kg,fluxetine group:2.33 mg/kg)were administered to mother rats once a day for 7 consecutive days.Normal breastfeeding was performed during the gavage.The offspring rats were weaned on the 22nd day.According to the experimental grouping of mother rats,one male and one female offspring rat of each mother rat were randomly selected using the random number table method,with six rats per group.They were divided into normal,model,SQJYF,and fluoxetine female and male rat groups,respectively.After 8 weeks of feeding,the offspring rats in each group were subjected to forced swimming test(FST),the sucrose water consumption test,and open field tests(OFT),and the elevated plus maze(EPM)test was conducted.The relative values of N-acetyl-aspartate(NAA),choline(Cho),glutamic acid(Glu),myo-inositol(mI),and creatine(Cr)in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex were detected using MRS.Results Compared with that of the normal female and male rat groups,the weight of the rats in the model group was decreased as well as sucrose water consumption and the horizontal and vertical scores of OFT,whereas the immobility time of FST increased.Compared with the normal female and male rat group,the NAA/Cr and Glu/Cr values in the bilateral hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of the female and male rats in the model group decreased(all P＜0.01).The proportion of rats entering the open arm and open arm residence time of the model female rat group in the EPM test decreased,whereas the Cho/Cr value of the right hippocampus of the female rats in the model group increased(P＜0.05).Compared with the model female and male rat group,the weight of the rats in the SQJYF and fluoxetine groups increased,the immobility time of FST decreased,but the sucrose water consumption and the horizontal and vertical OFT scores increased(P＜0.01).The proportion of rats entering the open arm and open arm residence time in the EPM increased in the SQJYF and fluoxetine female rat groups compared to those of the model female rat group(P＜0.01).Compared with the model female rat group,the NAA/Cr and Glu/Cr values in the bilateral hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of female rats in the SQJYF and fluoxetine groups increased.The NAA/Cr and Glu/Cr values in the right hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of male rats in the SQJYF and fluoxetine groups were higher than those in the model group(P＜0.05),whereas the Cho/Cr value in the right hippocampus of female and male rats in the SQJYF and fluoxetine groups decreased(P＜0.05).Conclusion MS in early life can lead to depression and anxiety-like behavior in adult offspring.However,SQJYF may exert antidepressant and anti-anxiety effects by regulating the metabolite levels in related brain regions of the Papez circuit.

Objective To explore the effect and mechanism of Shenqi Jieyu Formula(SQJYF)on depression and anxiety-like behavior in adult offspring rats after maternal separation(MS).This was done by observing the levels of metabolites in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of the Papez circuit through magnetic resonance spectroscopy(MRS).Methods Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley rats at 16 days of pregnancy were divided into the normal,model,SQJYF,and fluoxetine groups using the random number table method,with six rats per group.MS was performed 4 h a day from the first to the 21st day afterbirth.Starting from the 15th day,the corresponding medications(SQJYF group:12.5 g/kg,fluxetine group:2.33 mg/kg)were administered to mother rats once a day for 7 consecutive days.Normal breastfeeding was performed during the gavage.The offspring rats were weaned on the 22nd day.According to the experimental grouping of mother rats,one male and one female offspring rat of each mother rat were randomly selected using the random number table method,with six rats per group.They were divided into normal,model,SQJYF,and fluoxetine female and male rat groups,respectively.After 8 weeks of feeding,the offspring rats in each group were subjected to forced swimming test(FST),the sucrose water consumption test,and open field tests(OFT),and the elevated plus maze(EPM)test was conducted.The relative values of N-acetyl-aspartate(NAA),choline(Cho),glutamic acid(Glu),myo-inositol(mI),and creatine(Cr)in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex were detected using MRS.Results Compared with that of the normal female and male rat groups,the weight of the rats in the model group was decreased as well as sucrose water consumption and the horizontal and vertical scores of OFT,whereas the immobility time of FST increased.Compared with the normal female and male rat group,the NAA/Cr and Glu/Cr values in the bilateral hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of the female and male rats in the model group decreased(all P＜0.01).The proportion of rats entering the open arm and open arm residence time of the model female rat group in the EPM test decreased,whereas the Cho/Cr value of the right hippocampus of the female rats in the model group increased(P＜0.05).Compared with the model female and male rat group,the weight of the rats in the SQJYF and fluoxetine groups increased,the immobility time of FST decreased,but the sucrose water consumption and the horizontal and vertical OFT scores increased(P＜0.01).The proportion of rats entering the open arm and open arm residence time in the EPM increased in the SQJYF and fluoxetine female rat groups compared to those of the model female rat group(P＜0.01).Compared with the model female rat group,the NAA/Cr and Glu/Cr values in the bilateral hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of female rats in the SQJYF and fluoxetine groups increased.The NAA/Cr and Glu/Cr values in the right hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of male rats in the SQJYF and fluoxetine groups were higher than those in the model group(P＜0.05),whereas the Cho/Cr value in the right hippocampus of female and male rats in the SQJYF and fluoxetine groups decreased(P＜0.05).Conclusion MS in early life can lead to depression and anxiety-like behavior in adult offspring.However,SQJYF may exert antidepressant and anti-anxiety effects by regulating the metabolite levels in related brain regions of the Papez circuit.

Objective To explore the effect and mechanism of Shenqi Jieyu Formula(SQJYF)on depression and anxiety-like behavior in adult offspring rats after maternal separation(MS).This was done by observing the levels of metabolites in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of the Papez circuit through magnetic resonance spectroscopy(MRS).Methods Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley rats at 16 days of pregnancy were divided into the normal,model,SQJYF,and fluoxetine groups using the random number table method,with six rats per group.MS was performed 4 h a day from the first to the 21st day afterbirth.Starting from the 15th day,the corresponding medications(SQJYF group:12.5 g/kg,fluxetine group:2.33 mg/kg)were administered to mother rats once a day for 7 consecutive days.Normal breastfeeding was performed during the gavage.The offspring rats were weaned on the 22nd day.According to the experimental grouping of mother rats,one male and one female offspring rat of each mother rat were randomly selected using the random number table method,with six rats per group.They were divided into normal,model,SQJYF,and fluoxetine female and male rat groups,respectively.After 8 weeks of feeding,the offspring rats in each group were subjected to forced swimming test(FST),the sucrose water consumption test,and open field tests(OFT),and the elevated plus maze(EPM)test was conducted.The relative values of N-acetyl-aspartate(NAA),choline(Cho),glutamic acid(Glu),myo-inositol(mI),and creatine(Cr)in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex were detected using MRS.Results Compared with that of the normal female and male rat groups,the weight of the rats in the model group was decreased as well as sucrose water consumption and the horizontal and vertical scores of OFT,whereas the immobility time of FST increased.Compared with the normal female and male rat group,the NAA/Cr and Glu/Cr values in the bilateral hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of the female and male rats in the model group decreased(all P＜0.01).The proportion of rats entering the open arm and open arm residence time of the model female rat group in the EPM test decreased,whereas the Cho/Cr value of the right hippocampus of the female rats in the model group increased(P＜0.05).Compared with the model female and male rat group,the weight of the rats in the SQJYF and fluoxetine groups increased,the immobility time of FST decreased,but the sucrose water consumption and the horizontal and vertical OFT scores increased(P＜0.01).The proportion of rats entering the open arm and open arm residence time in the EPM increased in the SQJYF and fluoxetine female rat groups compared to those of the model female rat group(P＜0.01).Compared with the model female rat group,the NAA/Cr and Glu/Cr values in the bilateral hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of female rats in the SQJYF and fluoxetine groups increased.The NAA/Cr and Glu/Cr values in the right hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of male rats in the SQJYF and fluoxetine groups were higher than those in the model group(P＜0.05),whereas the Cho/Cr value in the right hippocampus of female and male rats in the SQJYF and fluoxetine groups decreased(P＜0.05).Conclusion MS in early life can lead to depression and anxiety-like behavior in adult offspring.However,SQJYF may exert antidepressant and anti-anxiety effects by regulating the metabolite levels in related brain regions of the Papez circuit.

Objective To explore the effect and mechanism of Shenqi Jieyu Formula(SQJYF)on depression and anxiety-like behavior in adult offspring rats after maternal separation(MS).This was done by observing the levels of metabolites in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of the Papez circuit through magnetic resonance spectroscopy(MRS).Methods Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley rats at 16 days of pregnancy were divided into the normal,model,SQJYF,and fluoxetine groups using the random number table method,with six rats per group.MS was performed 4 h a day from the first to the 21st day afterbirth.Starting from the 15th day,the corresponding medications(SQJYF group:12.5 g/kg,fluxetine group:2.33 mg/kg)were administered to mother rats once a day for 7 consecutive days.Normal breastfeeding was performed during the gavage.The offspring rats were weaned on the 22nd day.According to the experimental grouping of mother rats,one male and one female offspring rat of each mother rat were randomly selected using the random number table method,with six rats per group.They were divided into normal,model,SQJYF,and fluoxetine female and male rat groups,respectively.After 8 weeks of feeding,the offspring rats in each group were subjected to forced swimming test(FST),the sucrose water consumption test,and open field tests(OFT),and the elevated plus maze(EPM)test was conducted.The relative values of N-acetyl-aspartate(NAA),choline(Cho),glutamic acid(Glu),myo-inositol(mI),and creatine(Cr)in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex were detected using MRS.Results Compared with that of the normal female and male rat groups,the weight of the rats in the model group was decreased as well as sucrose water consumption and the horizontal and vertical scores of OFT,whereas the immobility time of FST increased.Compared with the normal female and male rat group,the NAA/Cr and Glu/Cr values in the bilateral hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of the female and male rats in the model group decreased(all P＜0.01).The proportion of rats entering the open arm and open arm residence time of the model female rat group in the EPM test decreased,whereas the Cho/Cr value of the right hippocampus of the female rats in the model group increased(P＜0.05).Compared with the model female and male rat group,the weight of the rats in the SQJYF and fluoxetine groups increased,the immobility time of FST decreased,but the sucrose water consumption and the horizontal and vertical OFT scores increased(P＜0.01).The proportion of rats entering the open arm and open arm residence time in the EPM increased in the SQJYF and fluoxetine female rat groups compared to those of the model female rat group(P＜0.01).Compared with the model female rat group,the NAA/Cr and Glu/Cr values in the bilateral hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of female rats in the SQJYF and fluoxetine groups increased.The NAA/Cr and Glu/Cr values in the right hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of male rats in the SQJYF and fluoxetine groups were higher than those in the model group(P＜0.05),whereas the Cho/Cr value in the right hippocampus of female and male rats in the SQJYF and fluoxetine groups decreased(P＜0.05).Conclusion MS in early life can lead to depression and anxiety-like behavior in adult offspring.However,SQJYF may exert antidepressant and anti-anxiety effects by regulating the metabolite levels in related brain regions of the Papez circuit.

Objective To explore the effect and mechanism of Shenqi Jieyu Formula(SQJYF)on depression and anxiety-like behavior in adult offspring rats after maternal separation(MS).This was done by observing the levels of metabolites in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of the Papez circuit through magnetic resonance spectroscopy(MRS).Methods Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley rats at 16 days of pregnancy were divided into the normal,model,SQJYF,and fluoxetine groups using the random number table method,with six rats per group.MS was performed 4 h a day from the first to the 21st day afterbirth.Starting from the 15th day,the corresponding medications(SQJYF group:12.5 g/kg,fluxetine group:2.33 mg/kg)were administered to mother rats once a day for 7 consecutive days.Normal breastfeeding was performed during the gavage.The offspring rats were weaned on the 22nd day.According to the experimental grouping of mother rats,one male and one female offspring rat of each mother rat were randomly selected using the random number table method,with six rats per group.They were divided into normal,model,SQJYF,and fluoxetine female and male rat groups,respectively.After 8 weeks of feeding,the offspring rats in each group were subjected to forced swimming test(FST),the sucrose water consumption test,and open field tests(OFT),and the elevated plus maze(EPM)test was conducted.The relative values of N-acetyl-aspartate(NAA),choline(Cho),glutamic acid(Glu),myo-inositol(mI),and creatine(Cr)in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex were detected using MRS.Results Compared with that of the normal female and male rat groups,the weight of the rats in the model group was decreased as well as sucrose water consumption and the horizontal and vertical scores of OFT,whereas the immobility time of FST increased.Compared with the normal female and male rat group,the NAA/Cr and Glu/Cr values in the bilateral hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of the female and male rats in the model group decreased(all P＜0.01).The proportion of rats entering the open arm and open arm residence time of the model female rat group in the EPM test decreased,whereas the Cho/Cr value of the right hippocampus of the female rats in the model group increased(P＜0.05).Compared with the model female and male rat group,the weight of the rats in the SQJYF and fluoxetine groups increased,the immobility time of FST decreased,but the sucrose water consumption and the horizontal and vertical OFT scores increased(P＜0.01).The proportion of rats entering the open arm and open arm residence time in the EPM increased in the SQJYF and fluoxetine female rat groups compared to those of the model female rat group(P＜0.01).Compared with the model female rat group,the NAA/Cr and Glu/Cr values in the bilateral hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of female rats in the SQJYF and fluoxetine groups increased.The NAA/Cr and Glu/Cr values in the right hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of male rats in the SQJYF and fluoxetine groups were higher than those in the model group(P＜0.05),whereas the Cho/Cr value in the right hippocampus of female and male rats in the SQJYF and fluoxetine groups decreased(P＜0.05).Conclusion MS in early life can lead to depression and anxiety-like behavior in adult offspring.However,SQJYF may exert antidepressant and anti-anxiety effects by regulating the metabolite levels in related brain regions of the Papez circuit.