ObjectivePolygoni Multiflori Radix is a commonly used tonic traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） in clinical practice， but liver injury has often been reported in recent years. Some related preparations containing Polygoni Multiflori Radix have been reported by the National Medical Products Administration many times for the risk of liver injury. This has caused extensive discussion on the potential toxicity of TCM in China and abroad， which has limited the clinical use of Polygoni Multiflori Radix to some extent. To understand the adverse reactions of Polygoni Multiflori Radix， the safe and rational use of Polygoni Multiflori Radix in clinical practice was discussed. MethodsThe pharmacovigilance thought of modern Chinese medicine and the TCM pharmacovigilance system framework of ''identification of poison， use of poison， anti-poison， and detoxification'' were employed to mine the relevant toxicity records， usage and dosage， processing compatibility， and contraindication of taking Polygoni Multiflori Radix in ancient books. The drug safety information of Polygoni Multiflori Radix was summarized by comparing with modern reports. ResultsA total of 74 ancient books related to Polygoni Multiflori Radix were included， suggesting that the toxicity of Polygoni Multiflori Radix was recognized in ancient times. The main chemical components of Polygoni Multiflori Radix had both efficacy and toxicity， and the adverse reactions may be related to long-term use， excessive use， and individual differences. The results showed that the toxic components of Polygoni Multiflori Radix could be reduced by peeling， steaming with black beans， and processing without iron tools. The toxic effects of Polygoni Multiflori Radix could be reduced by the compatibility of Polygoni Multiflori Radix with Poria， Psoraleae Fructus， and Cistanches Herba. ConclusionReasonable dosage， standard processing， correct compatibility， and syndrome differentiation are the key points to standardize the use of Polygoni Multiflori Radix and reduce the incidence of adverse reactions. Clinically， the toxicity classification of TCM should be strengthened， and the susceptible population should be prioritized. The detection indicators and early warning mechanisms should be improved， and precise drug dosage and course of treatment should be guaranteed. These measures can ensure the safe use of Polygoni Multiflori Radix.

ObjectivePolygoni Multiflori Radix is a commonly used tonic traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） in clinical practice， but liver injury has often been reported in recent years. Some related preparations containing Polygoni Multiflori Radix have been reported by the National Medical Products Administration many times for the risk of liver injury. This has caused extensive discussion on the potential toxicity of TCM in China and abroad， which has limited the clinical use of Polygoni Multiflori Radix to some extent. To understand the adverse reactions of Polygoni Multiflori Radix， the safe and rational use of Polygoni Multiflori Radix in clinical practice was discussed. MethodsThe pharmacovigilance thought of modern Chinese medicine and the TCM pharmacovigilance system framework of ''identification of poison， use of poison， anti-poison， and detoxification'' were employed to mine the relevant toxicity records， usage and dosage， processing compatibility， and contraindication of taking Polygoni Multiflori Radix in ancient books. The drug safety information of Polygoni Multiflori Radix was summarized by comparing with modern reports. ResultsA total of 74 ancient books related to Polygoni Multiflori Radix were included， suggesting that the toxicity of Polygoni Multiflori Radix was recognized in ancient times. The main chemical components of Polygoni Multiflori Radix had both efficacy and toxicity， and the adverse reactions may be related to long-term use， excessive use， and individual differences. The results showed that the toxic components of Polygoni Multiflori Radix could be reduced by peeling， steaming with black beans， and processing without iron tools. The toxic effects of Polygoni Multiflori Radix could be reduced by the compatibility of Polygoni Multiflori Radix with Poria， Psoraleae Fructus， and Cistanches Herba. ConclusionReasonable dosage， standard processing， correct compatibility， and syndrome differentiation are the key points to standardize the use of Polygoni Multiflori Radix and reduce the incidence of adverse reactions. Clinically， the toxicity classification of TCM should be strengthened， and the susceptible population should be prioritized. The detection indicators and early warning mechanisms should be improved， and precise drug dosage and course of treatment should be guaranteed. These measures can ensure the safe use of Polygoni Multiflori Radix.

Cough variant asthma(CVA)is a common respiratory disease in clinical practice.The only or main clinical manifestation of CVA is cough.It has similar pathological pathogenesis with asthma,but its pathological changes are sligher than asthma.The research of CVA drugs needs appropriate CVA animal models as the research basis.Based on the characteristics of CVA clinical diseases and syndromes of traditional Chinese and western medicine,combined with the clinical diagnostic criteria of traditional Chinese and western medicine,the CVA animal models are combed and analyzed,in order to provide references for the establishment,evaluation and application of CVA animal models.Chemical induction was used to prepare the commonly used animal models of cough variant asthma,including mice,rats and guinea pigs.The selection of sensitizing agent,adjuvant,activator and cough inducing agent was basically the same in the animal models of cough variant asthma,but there were significant differences in the selection of sensitizing method,sensitizing and stimulating dose,modeling cycle and detection index.Western medicine has clear diagnostic criteria for cough variant asthma,while traditional Chinese medicine can classify cough-variant asthma into different types according to different syndromes.At present,the commonly used animal models of cough variant asthma are highly consistent with the diagnostic criteria of western medicine,but not well consistent with the diagnostic criteria of traditional Chinese medicine,which is insufficient to reflect the symptoms of traditional Chinese medicine.The establishment of CVA animal model combining disease and syndrome,including medical syndromes into the model evaluation criteria,meets the requirements of TCM research on CVA animal model.In model evaluation,behavioral manifestations,HE staining of lung tissue,cell counts in BALF and lung function indicators should be considered in various aspects,and airway excitation test,alveolar lavage fluid eosinophil count,behavioral and other aspects should be distinguished from asthma.

Objective To study the application of an animal model of glaucoma and provide a reference for improved animal experimental method and models.Methods We searched the CNI and PubMed databases using the terms"glaucoma"and"animal models"to identify studies related to animal models of glaucoma from 2012 to 2022.The study species,sex,modeling method,and detection indexes were summarized,and a database was established for statistical analysis.Results In total,400 articles conforming to the criteria were selected.Most of the experimental animals were C57BL/6J mice and most of them were male.The most common modeling method were anterior chamber injection-induced,transgenic,and laser photocoagulation-induced models.The most frequent detection indicators included intraocular pressure measurement,histopathology,Western Blot analysis,and immunohistochemistry.Conclusions Numerous method have been used to construct glaucoma animal models,but the intervention of related traditional Chinese medicine factors is less.It is suggested to increase the glaucoma animal model combined with disease and syndrome.This study evaluated different animal models of glaucoma by data mining to provide references for the construction of animal models with high modelling-success rates,good reproducibility,and high clinical coincidence,as well as providing ideas for model improvement.