Objective To investigate the expression of six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of prostate 4 (STEAP4) in prostate cancer (PCa), explore its correlation with the infiltration of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and CD8+T cells within the tumor-infiltrating T lymphocyte population, and to predict the potential role of STEAP4 in promoting PCa progression. Methods The clinicopathological data and tumor tissue specimens were collected from 90 PCa patients undergoing radical prostatectomy at our hospital during Jan.2018 and Dec.2024.The protein expressions of STEAP4, forkhead box transcription factor P3 (FoxP3), and CD8+T cells in tumor tissues were detected with immunohistochemistry.The correlation between STEAP4 expression and the infiltration of Tregs (FoxP3 T cells), CD8+T cells and clinicopathological characteristics was analyzed.The relationship between STEAP4 expression and prognosis was evaluated with Kaplan-Meier survival curves. Results STEAP4 expression was significantly higher in PCa tissues than in adjacent benign tissues (P＜0.001).STEAP4 expression was significantly associated with serum total prostate-specific antigen (tPSA) level, seminal vesicle invasion, extraprostatic extension, International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) grading, and pathological T stage (all P＜0.05).The mean infiltration density of Tregs (FoxP3 T cells) in PCa tissues was significantly higher than that in adjacent benign tissues[ (11.09±5.05) cells/HPF vs. (3.92±1.59) cells/HPF, P＜0.001], while the mean infiltration density of CD8+T cells was significantly lower[ (6.07±2.90) cells/HPF vs. (27.23±6.75) cells/HPF, P＜0.001].In PCa tissues, STEAP4 expression showed a significant positive correlation with Treg (FoxP3 T cells) infiltration density (r_s=0.472, P＜0.001) and a significant negative correlation with CD8+T-cell infiltration density (r_s=-0.495, P＜0.001).Kaplan-Meier survival curves indicated that high STEAP4 expression group and low STEAP4 expression group in PCa patients was not correlated with overall survival (OS) or recurrence-free survival (P=0.562, 0.346). Conclusion STEAP4 is highly expressed in PCa tissues, and its expression is closely associated with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, particularly Tregs and CD8+T cells, suggesting that STEAP4 may cooperate with Tregs and CD8+T cells to regulate the tumor microenvironment, thereby promoting PCa progression.

【Objective】 To explore the expression of PCDH9 loss in regulating cell cycle and promoting tumor progression. 【Methods】 The clinical records of 127 cases of prostate cancer treated during 2018 and 2023 were collected, including 87 paraffin tissue samples from the G4-5 group and 40 from the G1-3 group. The expressions of PCDH9, p53, Rb and STAT3 were detected with immunohistochemical staining, and the relationship between their expressions and clinicopathological characteristics was analyzed. 【Results】 The expression deletion rate of PCDH9 in prostate cancer tissues in G4-5 group (44.8% vs.7.5%) was significantly higher than that in G1-3 group (P<0.001). The positive expression rates of p53 and STAT3 were 34.5% and 89.7%, respectively, and the expression loss rate of Rb was 27.6% in G4-5 group. The expression loss rates of PCDH9 and Rb were associated with neuroendocrine-like histological morphology, nerve invasion and vascular invasion (P<0.05). In G4-5 group of prostate cancer, PCDH9 expression was positively correlated with the expressions of p53 (r=0.345, P<0.05), Rb (r=0.503, P<0.05) and STAT3 (r=0.224, P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 PCDH9 is prone to loss of expression in high-group prostate cancer tissues, especially in cases with neuroendocrine-like histological morphology, which may regulate the cell cycle through the STAT3 signaling pathway, thereby promoting tumor progression.

Anti neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) is a systemic disease characterized by small vessel wall inflammation and cellulose necrosis mediated by ANCA. Renal injury caused by AAV is called ANCA-associated glomerulonephritis (AAGN). The paper reported a case of AAV with renal damage combined with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The patient was an elderly male with clinical manifestations of hematuria and uremia. Renal pathological examination showed AAV and renal injury. This case is the first report in China while reviewing the relevant literature, and it is still inconclusive whether this is an overlap of the two diseases or a specific pathological type of HIV-associated nephritis. We believe that AAV has the potential to occur in HIV-infected patients, so clinicians should not ignore the phenomenon of ANCA positivity in HIV-infected patients, and the follow-up of such patients needs to be enhanced. Clinical and renal pathological examinations are the main methods to diagnose HIV infection with AAV. At the same time, there are no clear guideline guidelines on how to administer immunosuppressive therapy for such patients who have immunodeficiency and are at higher risk of opportunistic infections, and in whom to make the best possible outcomes.

Objective: To analyze the clinical features of perianal condyloma acuminatum in HIV infected men who have sex with men (MSM) and assess the effects of combined treatment of microwave and photodynamic therapy. Methods: Clinical and laboratory data of 260 male patients with perianal condyloma acuminatum were collected and microwave combined with photodynamic therapy was applied on them. Results: The majority of the patients with perianal condyloma acuminatum were young people (243/260). Warts were mainly located in the anus or from the outside to inside of the anus (245/260). Among them, the proportion of warts position of extraanal in HIV-infected group (8/220) was lower than that of non-HIV-infected group (7/40). HPV types 11 (70/118), 6 (44/118) and 16 (40/118) were the most common types of HPV infection. People with HIV infection were more likely to develop high-risk, mixed types HPV infection and multiple HPV infection than those without HIV infection. More than half of the patients (146/260) needed only 1-3 sessions of photodynamic treatments. There was no significant difference in the times of photodynamic treatments and the numbers of photosensitizers required between the HIV-infected and non-HIV-infected groups. The recurrence rate of HIV-infected group (13.6%, 30/220) was also similar to that of non-HIV-infected group (15.0%, 6/40), but far lower than those who underwent microwave therapy alone (45%, 18/40). Conclusions The combination therapy significantly reduced the recurrence rate of perianal condyloma acuminatum in HIV infected MSM.