Ulcerative colitis （UC）， a chronic nonspecific inflammatory bowel disease characterized by unclear etiology， complex contributing factors， and a refractory course with malignant transformation potential， imposes a substantial burden on both individual patients and healthcare systems. There is an urgent need to explore effective therapeutic strategies and pharmacological interventions. Professor LIU Zhen， based on years of clinical practice， proposed a dynamic pathogenesis chain of UC： Spleen deficiency with dampness excess as the foundation， dampness obstruction as the nexus， stasis-toxin interaction as the key， and stasis-toxin damaging intestinal collaterals as the terminal outcome. The treatment， following the progression of deficiency （depression）-dampness-toxin-stasis （toxin）， should focus on invigorating the spleen and resolving dampness. A stage-specific treatment approach is emphasized. During the susceptible stage， prevention is recommended， which relies on regulating the diet， maintaining a positive mental state， and adjusting daily routines to invigorate the spleen and replenish Qi. During the acute attack and remission stages， the treatment should be tailored according to clinical typing and disease severity， flexibly employing therapeutic strategies such as tonifying deficiency， resolving depression， eliminating dampness， clearing heat， detoxifying， arresting bleeding， and resolving stasis in order to interrupt disease progression. In the recovery stage， latent pathogenic factors should be addressed while the postnatal constitutional foundation be preserved to prevent recurrence. According to the TCM principle of treating disease before its onset， a whole-course management path of early protection-interception-stratified care-consolidation has been developed， covering all stages of UC， to inform its clinical prevention and treatment.

The aim of this study was to compare the immune responses of C57BL/6 mice immunized with two pathogens, foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) and Senecavirus A (SVA), and to provide clues for revealing the regulatory mechanisms of acquired immunity. Inactivated and purified FMDV and SVA antigens were used to immunize C57BL/6 mice respectively, and the mice immunized with PBS were taken as the control. The percentages of Th1 and Th2 cells in the spleen lymphocytes of mice in each group were analyzed by flow cytometry at 14 and 28 days after immunization. RNA-Seq was performed for the spleen. Mouse macrophages were stimulated with the antigens in vitro to examine the expression of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) screened out. The results showed that 14 days after immunization, there was no significant difference in the magnitude of the Th1/Th2 immune response elicited by the FMDV and SVA antigens. After 28 days, the magnitudes of the Th1 and Th2 immune responses elicited by the SVA antigen were higher than those elicited by the FMDV antigen. RNA-Seq revealed two common DEGs, Rsad2 and Tspan8, between the two immunization groups, which indicated that the two genes may be involved in the activation of the Th1/Th2 immune responses by FMDV and SVA antigens. FMDV and SVA antigens stimulated macrophages to secrete interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-33 in vitro, and the expression of Tspan8 and Rsad2 was consistent with the RNA-Seq results. The expression of Rsad2 was regulated by type I interferons (IFNα, IFNβ). In this study, we obtained the DEGs involved in the immune responses to the two antigens in mouse spleen, which provides a molecular basis for investigating the immune response mechanisms induced by FMDV and SVA.
Animals ; Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus/genetics* ; Mice ; Spleen/cytology* ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Antigens, Viral/genetics* ; Transcriptome ; Th1 Cells/immunology* ; Immunization ; Viral Vaccines/immunology* ; Th2 Cells/immunology* ; Foot-and-Mouth Disease/immunology* ; Interleukin-33/genetics* ; Female ; Macrophages/immunology* ; Picornaviridae

Objective: To observe the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) at Neiguan (PC6) on arrhythmia during acute myocardial ischemia-reperfusion and the expression of connexin 43 (Cx43) in rats. Methods: A total of 40 Sprague-Dawley male rats were used. Ten rats were randomly selected as the blank group, and the remaining 30 rats were randomly divided into a model group and an EA group, with 15 rats in each group. Before modeling, rats in the EA group received one session of EA intervention at bilateral Neiguan (PC6) for 30 min; the other groups were treated with the same grasping and anesthesia for 30 min without intervention. PowerLab physiological recorder was used to record electrocardiograph within 30 min of infarction. After the experiment, cardiac tissue and serum were collected from rats. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was used to observe the morphological changes of myocardial tissue in the ventricular infarction area of rats in each group. The expression of Cx43 protein in the myocardium of each group was detected by Western blotting (WB). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to determine the activity of Na+-K+-ATPase in myocardial tissue and the serum content of endogenous digitalis-like factor (EDLF) in rats. Results: There was no statistical difference in arrhythmia score between the EA group and the model group, but the total duration and average duration of arrhythmia in the EA group were decreased (P<0.01). HE staining showed that compared with the blank group, myocardial cells in the model group were disorganized and seriously damaged. The pathological changes in the EA group were similar to those in the model group, but the damage was relatively minor. The results of WB showed that compared with the blank group, the Cx43 expression in myocardial tissue of the model group was decreased (P<0.01); compared with the model group, the Cx43 expression in the EA group was increased (P<0.01); compared with the blank group, the Na+-K+-ATPase activity in myocardial tissue of the model group was significantly decreased (P<0.01); compared with the model group, the Na+-K+-ATPase activity in the EA group was increased (P<0.01). ELISA results showed that compared with the blank group, the serum EDLF content in the model group was significantly increased (P<0.01); compared with the model group, the EDLF content in the EA group was decreased (P<0.01). Conclusion: EA at Neiguan (PC6) can delay and reduce the onset of arrhythmia during myocardial infarction in the rat model of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion. Its mechanism of action may be related to the regulation of the Cx43 expression in myocardial tissue, improvement of the activity of Na+-K+-ATPase in myocardial tissue, and increase in the content of serum EDLF.

This study explores the application effect of the case-based teaching method based on Xuexitong learning platform in the online teaching of Digestive System, and analyzes the learner's emotional experience, learning behavior, and learning effect in the case-based online teaching. The results of the study show that the case-based online teaching model based on Xuexitong learning platform improves students' online learning interest, and the students have good emotional experience, high learning enthusiasm, good classroom interaction, enhanced self-learning ability before and after class, and good learning effect. In addition, precise teaching can be used for individual students who are not enthusiastic about online learning.

Mannose phosphate isomerase-congenital disorders of glycosylation (MPI-CDG) is a treatable congenital genetic metabolic disease caused by the pathogenic variation of the gene encoding MPI.It is mainly manifested as diarrhea, hepatomegaly, hypoglycemia, and coagulation dysfunction.This review described the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, genotypes, diagnosis, treatment and management of MPI-CDG, aiming to enhance the understanding of MPI-CDG.

Objective: To investigate the mechanism of resveratrol promoting fibronectin type Ⅲ domain-containing 5 (FNDC5) degradation in skeletal muscle of male obese mice． Methods: Six-week-old male C57BL /6 mice were randomly divided into three groups : standard control diet ( SCD) ，high-fat diet ( HFD) and high-fat diet treated with resveratrol (HFD + RES) ．HFD + RES group was intervened with resveratrol via gavage ［400 mg / kg · d) ］ while fed HFD for 20 weeks．The body mass，serum TG，TC，LDL-C and HDL-C levels were detected．The pathological changes in skeletal muscle were detected by HE staining．The expression of FNDC5，SIRT1，SIRT2，LC3， p62，Beclin-1，ATG5，ATG7 was assessed by immunohistochemistry，RT-PCR and Western blot respectively. Results: The body mass ，serum TG ，TC and LDL-C levels increased significantly ，meanwhile HDL-C levels decreased in HFD group．Lipid deposition between skeletal muscle fibers were obvious in HFD group．The immuno- histochemistry results showed that protein expression levels of SIRT1，SIRT2 and LC3 obviously decreased，while the protein levels of FNDC5 and p62 obviously increased．The expression levels of FNDC5 significantly increased， while the gene expression levels of SIRT1，SIRT2，LC3，Atg7 and Beclin-1 obviously decreased．All these responses were attenuated by treatment with RES． Conclusion RES has obvious effects of lipid-lowering and promoting FNDC5 degradation in skeletal muscle tissues，which may be related with SIRT1 and SIRT2-induced autophagy， thus resulting in degradation of FNDC5 .

Distant metastasis is one of the main obstacles to cancer treatment.Overexpression of S1PR1 in malignant tumors enhances cell invasion and migration activity,mediates EMT and induces lymphangiogenesis and angiogenesis via activation of its downstream signaling pathways,eventually results in the occurrence of tumor metastasis.S1PR1 is also closely related to generation of acquired radiotherapy resistance.This article discusses the roles of S1PR1 in tumor metastasis and radiotherapy resistance.

Objective To discuss the effect of cooperative education model in elevating the quality of nursing continuing education. Methods The students of grade 2011 and grade 2012 in continuing school of Peking Union Medical College ( PUMC) were included, and were divided into two groups according to the campus, such as PLA general hospital campus and PUMC campus. The general information, mean score, the number of people who obtained degree, the number of people who discontinuing study and people who get an excellent paper were retrospectively analyzed and compared between two groups.Results In 301 campus, there were 60 students of grade 2011 and 106 students of grade 2012, and they were all nurses of 301 hospital;there were 252 students of grade 2011 and 245 students of grade 2012 in main campus, and they were nurses of another 7 Beijing hospitals. The mean score of students in 301 campus of grade 2011 was (81.00±3.72), and of grade 2012 was (82.02±3.49), which were significantly higher than that of students in main campus (t=-5.87,-6.20;P<0.05) . The ratio of students of grade 2011 who obtained degree in 301 campus was 45%, and the data of students of grade 2012 was 40.60%, and they were all higher than that in the main campus (χ2=15. 85,15.85;P<0.05).Conclusions The model of cooperative education can provide a better platform for bachelor compensation education, theoretical knowledge update and continuous education, which is helpful to improve the quality of nursing education.