Objective:To observe the influence of wogonin on colitis mice induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) and explore the related mechanism.Methods:Eighteen C57BL/6 mice were randomly and equally divided into the control group, the model group and the treatment group. The water was given normally to mice in control group, and the 2.5% DSS drinking water was given to mice of other two groups for 7 days. Wogonin via intraperitoneal injection was administrated in the mice of treatment group on the second and the fourth day. The mice were sacrificed on the eighth day and specimens were collected. The pathological damage and inflammation degree of mice colon were evaluated by measuring the length of colon and using HE staining. Immunofluorescence was used to detect the infiltration of neutrophils in mice colon tissue. Wogonin of 25, 50, 100 μmol/L was applied to handle neutrophils from mice marrow tissue in vitro, and there was no treatment in the negative control group. The flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptosis of neutrophil. Western blot was used to detect the expressions of anti-apoptotic protein myeloid cell leukelia-1 (Mcl-1) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) . Results:Compared with the model group, the mice colon length in the treatment group was significantly longer [ (7.80 ± 0.21) cm vs. (6.43 ± 0.10) cm, P<0.01], the pathological damage score of the colon tissue was significantly lower [ (6.83 ± 0.98) points vs. (14.33 ± 1.03) points, P<0.01], the number of infiltrative neutrophils in the colon of mice was significantly lower [ (8.52 ± 0.15) neutrophils per low power field vs. (29.43 ± 0.43) neutrophils per low power field, P<0.01]. The apoptosis rate of neutrophils were 6.41% ± 0.51%, 14.01% ± 0.81%, 20.89% ± 0.82%, 24.23% ± 0.29% in negative control group and 25, 50, 100 μmol/L wogonin groups. The apotosis rate of neutrophils increased constantly with the concentration of wogonin increasing gradually and there were significant differences among any two groups ( P<0.01) . Compared with the negative control group, the phosphorylated ERK expressions of neutrophils in 25, 50, 100 μmol/L wogonin groups were decreased obviously (all P<0.05) . The Mcl-1 expression of neutrophils declined constantly with the concentration of wogonin increasing gradually. Conclusion:Wogonin can induce the apoptosis of neutrophils in concentration-dependent manner, reduce the infiltration of neutrophils and relieve the intestinal damage in colon tissue of colitis mice, which may be regulated by the inhibition of ERK phosphorylation and decreased expression of Mcl-1 in concentration-dependent manner.

Objective:To observe the influence of wogonin on colitis mice induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) and explore the related mechanism.Methods:Eighteen C57BL/6 mice were randomly and equally divided into the control group, the model group and the treatment group. The water was given normally to mice in control group, and the 2.5% DSS drinking water was given to mice of other two groups for 7 days. Wogonin via intraperitoneal injection was administrated in the mice of treatment group on the second and the fourth day. The mice were sacrificed on the eighth day and specimens were collected. The pathological damage and inflammation degree of mice colon were evaluated by measuring the length of colon and using HE staining. Immunofluorescence was used to detect the infiltration of neutrophils in mice colon tissue. Wogonin of 25, 50, 100 μmol/L was applied to handle neutrophils from mice marrow tissue in vitro, and there was no treatment in the negative control group. The flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptosis of neutrophil. Western blot was used to detect the expressions of anti-apoptotic protein myeloid cell leukelia-1 (Mcl-1) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) . Results:Compared with the model group, the mice colon length in the treatment group was significantly longer [ (7.80 ± 0.21) cm vs. (6.43 ± 0.10) cm, P<0.01], the pathological damage score of the colon tissue was significantly lower [ (6.83 ± 0.98) points vs. (14.33 ± 1.03) points, P<0.01], the number of infiltrative neutrophils in the colon of mice was significantly lower [ (8.52 ± 0.15) neutrophils per low power field vs. (29.43 ± 0.43) neutrophils per low power field, P<0.01]. The apoptosis rate of neutrophils were 6.41% ± 0.51%, 14.01% ± 0.81%, 20.89% ± 0.82%, 24.23% ± 0.29% in negative control group and 25, 50, 100 μmol/L wogonin groups. The apotosis rate of neutrophils increased constantly with the concentration of wogonin increasing gradually and there were significant differences among any two groups ( P<0.01) . Compared with the negative control group, the phosphorylated ERK expressions of neutrophils in 25, 50, 100 μmol/L wogonin groups were decreased obviously (all P<0.05) . The Mcl-1 expression of neutrophils declined constantly with the concentration of wogonin increasing gradually. Conclusion:Wogonin can induce the apoptosis of neutrophils in concentration-dependent manner, reduce the infiltration of neutrophils and relieve the intestinal damage in colon tissue of colitis mice, which may be regulated by the inhibition of ERK phosphorylation and decreased expression of Mcl-1 in concentration-dependent manner.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of metformin/thiazolidinediones (TZDs) / glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) analogs (triple therapy) with conventional glucose-lowering therapy(conventional therapy) for patients with type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Methods: A prospective randomized-controlled 26-week study was carried out. A total of 82 patients with type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome were randomized to receive either triple therapy protocal or just conventional therapy, altogether with 41 cases in each group. Results: HbA_1C value was significantly reduced in triple therapy group versus the conventional therapy group [(2.23±1.75)% vs (1.48±1.59)%, P<0.05]. Values of body mass index, waist circumference, and visceral fat area were significantly reduced in triple therapy group as compared to those of conventional therapy group [(2.50±1.81 vs 0.92±1.82)kg/m², (6.75±4.92 vs 1.66±3.25)cm, (24.10±19.10 vs 10.02±20.10)cm², all P<0.01, respectively]. Control rates of HbA_1C and fasting plasma glucose for triple therapy were higher than those for conventional therapy (both P<0.05). No hypoglycemia occurred in triple therapy group. Subjects receiving triple therapy experienced more frequent gastrointestinal side effects than those in conventional therapy group (18.87% vs 3.92%, P<0.05). The most common side event was mild nausea (90%). Conclusion Combination therapy with metformin/TZDs/GLP-1 analogs had statistically significant advantages in the control of body weight, waist circumference, and visceral fat area in addition to the control of blood glucose over conventional glucose-lowering therapy in our patient cohort, it seems to be an optimized therapeutic regimen for patients with type 2 diabete and metabolic syndrome.

Objective To study the platelet inhibition rate of foreign clopidogrel,domestic clopidogrel,combined domestic clopidogrel and tongxinluo and their effct on major adverse cardiovacular events (MACE) after PCI.Methods Two hundred and twenty patients after PCI were divided into foreign clopidogrel treatment group (n=77),domestic clopidogrel treatment group (n=80),combined domesticclopidogrel and tongxinluo treatment group (n =63).The high platelet reactivity (HPR) in 3 groups was detected by thrombelastography after PCI.The incidence of MACE in 3 groups was compared.Results The incidence of left anterior descending branch lesion was lower,the number of sacculi was smaller,and the incidence of HPR was higher in foreign clopidogrel treatment group than in domestic clopidogrel treatment group and combined domestic clopidogrel and tongxinluo treatment group after PCI (63.6％ vs 87.5％ vs 77.8％,P=0.002;2.3±1.1 vs 2.8±1.4 vs 2.7±1.5,P=0.026;24.7％ vs 21.3％ vs 11.1％,P=0.030).The incidence of HPR was significantly higher in foreign clopidogrel treatment group than in combined domestic clopidogrel and tongxinluo treatment group (24.7 ％ vs 11.1％,P =0.040).No significant difference was found in the incidence of MACE in 3 groups (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion The incidences of MACE of domestic clopidogrel and foreign clopidogrel are similar.Combined clopidogrel and tongxinluo can improve the platelet inhibition rate after PCI.

Female ; Humans ; Lymphoma ; diagnosis ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications, Neoplastic ; diagnosis

Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a rare and distinct variant of DLBCL. It is classified as a unique subtype of DLBCL in the 2008 WHO classification of lymphomas. No standard and effective therapeutic regi-men is available for ALK+DLBCL because it shows a more aggressive clinical course and frequent relapse. Therefore, a standardized and individualized treatment is needed to benefit more patients diagnosed with ALK+DLBCL through a multiple disciplinary team. This arti-cle presents a case of an ALK+DLBCL patient who relapsed after transplantation and was successfully treated with the ALK kinase inhibi-tor Crizotinib.

OBJECTIVE To observe the effect of mannitol on oxidative stress of human kidney tubular epithelial cells(HK-2). METHODS MTT assay was applied to detect HK-2 cell viability after ex?posure to different concentrations(50,100,150,200,250,300,350 and 400 mmol · L-1)of mannitol for 4,10,24,48 and 72 h. DCFH-DA method was used to determine the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS)after HK-2 cells were exposed to mannitol 100 and 250 mmol · L-1 for 4 h. Furthermore,cell morphology and indexes of oxidative stress such as malondialdehyde(MDA) content,superoxide dismutase(SOD )activity and glutathione(GSH) content were observed at different time points. RESULTS HK-2 cell viability decreased by about 50%after being treated with mannitol 250 mmol · L-1 for 72 h (P<0.05). ROS production in mannitol 250 mmol · L-1 treated group (68.7 ± 3.6) was higher than in solvent control group(50.3 ± 4.6)(P<0.05). HK-2 cells exhibited morphological changes after treatment with mannitol 250 mmol · L-1 for 4-72 h,including cell swelling,vacuoles and fall off. After treatment with mannitol 250 mmol · L-1 for 4,10,24,48 ahd 72 h,the MDA content increased signifi?cantly(P<0.05),while the activity of SOD and the content of GSH decreased significantly compared with solvent control group(P<0.05). CONCLUSION Over-production of ROS in HK-2 cells induced by high concentration(250 mmol·L-1)of mannitol may cause lipid peroxidation and injure the ability of an?tioxidation,which may contribute to mannitol induced cytotoxicity.

[ ABSTRACT] AIM:To observe the effect of the metabolites generated from oxidative deamination of methylamine ( MA) or benzylamine ( BZA ) catalyzed by semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase ( SSAO ) on 3T3-L1 adipocytes. METHODS:3T3-L1 preadipocytes were induced to differentiation.SSAO activity was determined by high performance liquid chromatography ( HPLC) at different differentiation time points.MTT assay was applied to detect cell vitality after exposure to different concentrations of MA or BZA.Fluorescence probe DCFH-DA was used to determine the production of reactive oxygen species after incubation of 3T3-L1 adipocytes with MA or BZA.After exposure to 0.5 mmol/L MA or BZA for 4 h, malondialdehyde ( MDA) , total superoxide dismutase ( T-SOD) and glutathione ( GSH) in the adipocytes or prea-dipocytes were measured.RESULTS:SSAO activity increased with the increase in the differentiation days, and reached a maximum at the 8th day.Incubation of the cells with different concentrations of MA or BZA for 4 h did not significantly de-creased the cell vitality (P>0.05).After exposure to 0.5 mmol/L MA or BZA, the reactive oxygen species in adipocytes significantly increased, and were about 3 to 4 times as compared with control group (P<0.05).After treatment with 0.5 mmol/L MA or BZA for 4 h, MDA content significantly increased, while the activity of SOD and the expression of GSH de-creased in mature adipocytes compared with control group (P<0.05).However, MDA, T-SOD and GSH did not change significantly after treatment with equal molar of MA or BZA in the preadipocytes ( P>0.05 ) .CONCLUSION: MA or BZA induces oxidative stress in the mature adipocytes, which might result from the deamination products catalyzed by SSAO.

Objective:The occurrence of numerous tumors, particularly classical Hodgkin's lymphoma (CHL), is related with Ep-stein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. However, the incidence of CHL and its association with EBV varies significantly with ethnicity, geo-graphic location, sex, and age. This study investigated the association of EBV infection with CHL in Northern Chinese Han population. Methods:EBV-encoded small RNA (EBER) was detected in 136 cases of CHL through in situ hybridization. Results:A total of 37 cas-es were EBER positive (28%). The mixed cellularity (MC) subtype had the highest positive EBER rate of 49%(23/47;P<0.001), fol-lowed by lymphocyte-rich subtype with 30%(3/10), nodular sclerosis (NS) subtype with 14%(10/73), and 1ymphocyte depletion with 0%(0/2). Our study identified a single age distribution in the third decade. Moreover, NS subtype showed an evident single peak in the third decade. However, MC subtype had a lower peak in the fifth decade. The incidence of EBER showed a bimodal age distribution with two peaks in the first and fifth decades (21.6%and 24.3%, respectively). Conclusion:CHL in Northern Chinese Han population was associated with EBV infection, particularly the MC subtype.

Primary testicular lymphoma comprises 1% to 9% of testicular neoplasms and represents 1% to 2% of all non-Hodg-kin lymphomas. Histologically, the majority of the tumor consists of diffuse large B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas that are of intermedi-ate- or high-grade neoplasm. Clinically, the disease typically presents as a painless testicular swelling that develops over a span of weeks to months. B symptoms such as fever, weight loss, and anorexia are present in 25% to 41% of the patients. This tumor is an ag-gressive type, with frequent invasion of the epididymis, spermatic cord, and scrotum, as well as a marked tendency to relapse, especial-ly in the CNS. The treatment is mainly based on orchiectomy (mostly in stages ⅠE and ⅡE) regardless of its association with prophy-lactic irradiation of the scrotum and administration of intrathecal chemotherapy, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and pred-nisone regimen chemotherapy plus rituximab (R-CHOP) (stages ⅢE and ⅣE) and radiotherapy. The multi-modality treatment marked-ly improved progression-free and overall survival. We introduce as reference one case that received a multidisciplinary comprehensive discussion in the Department Lymphoma, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Hospital.