Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are widely used in the treatment of malignant tumors, and their related immune-related adverse events (irAEs) have attracted increasing attention. This study reports the diagnosis and treatment process of a case of immune cystitis in a patient with hepatobiliary tract malignant tumor after treatment with pembrolizumab. The patient was admitted to the hospital due to frequent urination, urgency of urination and dysuria for 1 month. Previous repeated anti-infection treatments were ineffective. Combined with medical history, laboratory tests, imaging findings, cystoscopy and pathological results, the patient was clinically diagnosed with ICIs-associated immune cystitis (Pembrolizumab) ultimately. The patient's symptoms significantly improved after treatment with glucocorticoids. This case reindicates that clinicians need to improve awareness of ICI-related urinary system irAEs. Early identification and timely intervention can significantly improve patient prognosis.

Mitochondrial biogenesis represents a promising therapeutic target in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) due to its essential role in cancer cell metabolism and survival. The natural compound γ-Elemene exhibits potent anti-tumor activity, but its effects on mitochondrial regulation in TNBC remain unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that γ-Elemene induces dose-dependent cytotoxicity in MDA-MB-468 and HCC1806 TNBC cells while significantly impairing mitochondrial function, as shown by reduced membrane potential, oxidative phosphorylation capacity, and ATP production. γ-Elemene treatment markedly suppressed mitochondrial biogenesis, decreasing mitochondrial DNA content and downregulating key mitochondrial genes and proteins. These effects were associated with reduced expression of the master regulators NRF1 and TFAM, but independent of PGC-1α expression levels.Mechanistically, γ-Elemene upregulated the acetyltransferase GCN5, leading to enhanced PGC-1α acetylation. This upregulation occurs primarily through increased GCN5 transcription. Genetic ablation of GCN5 completely reversed γ-Elemene-induced PGC-1α acetylation and restored mitochondrial biogenesis and cell viability, establishing a critical role for GCN5 in mediating these effects. Our findings reveal a novel mechanism whereby γ-Elemene disrupts mitochondrial function in TNBC through GCN5-mediated PGC-1α acetylation, providing new insights into its anti-cancer properties and potential therapeutic applications against TNBC.

Objective: To systematically evaluate the application effectiveness of the full disinfection process in blood stations, identify key optimization links, and provide a scientific evidence for the formulation of specialized disinfection and hygiene standards for blood collection and supply institutions. Methods: On-site microbiological monitoring was conducted using techniques such as the plate settling method and cotton swab method. Stratified random sampling was performed on eight key control points: including evironmental air, hand hygiene, skin disinfection, blood transport boxes, pressure steam sterilization, sewage treatment, ultraviolet disinfection, and sterile swabs. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 20.0. Measurement data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation(x-±s), and inter-group comparisons were conducted using t-tests or analysis of variance (ANOVA). Count data were expressed as rates, and inter-group comparisons were conducted using the χ test. Trend analysis was performed using the Cochran-Armitage test, with a significance level of α=0.05. Results: The colony removal rate of plasma air disinfection machines (94.2%±0.8%) was significantly higher than that of the ultraviolet group (P<0.05). The qualification rate of quick-drying disinfectant hand was 100% within 30 days after opening the bottle, but decreased to 93.3% after 40 days (P<0.01). The qualification rate of disinfection for blood transport boxes using 500 mg/L chlorine-containing disinfectant (100%) was significant higher 75% alcohol (60%, P< 0.05). Skin disinfection with 2% alcoholic chlorhexidine gluconate balanced effectiveness and user experience (satisfaction score 4.8±0.3). The qualification rates for core procedures such as pressure steam sterilization and sewage treatment were both 100%. Conclusion: The current disinfection procedures in blood collection and supply institutions are reliable. The effective usage period of hand disinfectants, disinfection methods for transport boxes, and usage duration of sterile swabs are the main points for optimization. It is recommended that the opened hand disinfectants be used for ≤30 days and that chlorine-containing disinfectants be prioritized for wiping transport boxes, providing empirical support for the revision of protocols and the formulation of standards.

The prevalence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is higher among individuals with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) than in the general population. Emerging evidence indicates that the development of MASLD in patients with IBD may occur independently of traditional metabolic risk factors, suggesting a unique pathophysiological mechanism distinct from conventional MASLD pathways. Bile acids (BAs), which act as critical signaling molecules in enterohepatic circulation, play an essential role in maintaining gastrointestinal homeostasis through bidirectional gut–liver axis communication. These molecules are increasingly recognized as pivotal regulators in the progression of both MASLD and IBD. While previous studies have characterized the dynamics of BA in blood or fecal samples under both conditions, a comprehensive understanding of their metabolic profiles and the associated interactions within the gut–liver axis is still lacking. This review synthesizes current evidence from studies employing BA metabolomics to investigate IBD and MASLD. By focusing on BA signatures, we summarize conserved alterations between these two conditions and their potential mechanisms of disease progression. Our review advances understanding of BA-mediated pathways in IBD and MASLD, providing a foundation for assessing their roles in contributing to the pathogenesis of MASLD in patients with IBD.

Objective To characterize the species composition and distribution patterns of ticks in 17 counties and cities of Yunnan Province, thereby furnishing fundamental data for the prediction, prevention, and control of local tick-borne diseases. Methods Tick specimens deposited in Yunnan Institute of Endemic Disease Control and Prevention (YIEDC) collected from 17 counties or cities during 1957-2024 were thoroughly trimmed and morphological identified based on diagnostic characters. Results A total of 2 923 tick specimens were taxonomically identified and classified into 18 species within 6 genera in the Ixodidae family. Specifically, the genus Haemaphysalis comprised 6 species with 154 specimens, the genus Rhipicephalus included 3 species with 2 444 specimens, the genus Ixodes consisted of 4 species with 236 specimens, the genus Amblyomma included 3 species with 49 specimens, the genus Dermacentor contained 1 species with 12 specimens, and the genus Hyalomma included 1 species with 28 specimens. A wide range of host animals were found, including livestock, wild avian species, wild mammalian species, reptiles (including pythons), and humans. Conclusions Ticks were found on a wide array of host animals within the 17 counties and cities of Yunnan Province, demonstrating high host species diversity. Our data suggest a need to strengthen the monitoring of tick-borne diseases and provide health education for the general population in Yunnan Province.

Objective To establish the HPLC analysis method for ketoconazole related substances,and to provide technical support for the improvement of the quality standard and the purity of ketoconazole.Methods Gradient elution conditions were optimized based on the chromatographic parameters outlined in the 2024"British Pharmacopoeia"for ketoconazole cream.A C18 column(4.6 mm×150 mm,3 μm)was used to facilitate the elution process using a gradient of acetonitrile and acetate buffer,and detection performed at a wavelength of 230 nm.Results The known impurities and potentially genotoxic impurities in the material drugs of ketoconazole can be more effectively separated using the established methods,which are both robust and highly sensitive.The content of the two potentially geno toxic impurities,six known impurities and unknown impurities in the 21 batches of ketoconazole sourced from five raw material pharmaceutical companies is below the specified limit requirements.Conclusion This method contributes to improving the quality of ketoconazole ingredients,ensuring the safety of ketoconazole preparations,and better supporting the regulatory supervision.

Uric acid is the end product of purine metabolism in the human body. In recent years, the role of uric acid in female fertility and assisted reproductive technology (ART) has gained increasing attention. Dysregulation of uric acid metabolism can lead to hyperuricemia (HUA). HUA is not only closely related to metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases but may also adversely affect female fertility by influencing ovarian function and embryos development. In this review, we explored the role of uric acid in female fertility, including its association with female subfertility, infertility, adverse pregnancy outcomes and metabolic syndrome, as well as its potential impact on ART like in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer and intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Further studies are needed to clarify the threshold and clinical intervention value of uric acid levels in women of childbearing age, providing a basis for reproductive health counseling and personalized pregnancy assistance for HUA patients of childbearing age.

Objective To analyze the microanatomical characteristics of the internal carotid artery(ICA)bifurcation through the lateral orbital keyhole(LOK)approach,thereby providing anatomical support for clipping the ICA bifurcation aneurysm.Methods A total of 15 cases(30 sides)of frozen cadaveric head specimens fixed with 10%formaldehyde and infused with red and blue latexes were selected.Craniotomy was performed by simulated LOK approach.The structure,and the course and quantity of the surrounding major perforator vessels of the ICA bifurcation were observed under the microscope,and the relevant data were recorded.Results The terminal diameter of ICA was(5.40±0.65)mm,and the length of ICA above the optic nerve plane was(11.99±1.86)mm.The proximal diameter of A1 was(1.85±0.26)mm,and the length of A1 was(12.90±3.13)mm;meanwhile,the proximal diameter of M1 was(3.64±0.64)mm,and the length of M1 was(15.54±2.10)mm.There were significant differences in the proximal diameter and length between A1 and M1(P<0.05).The angle between A1 and ICA was(77.61±19.43)°,while the angle between M1 and ICA was(137.93±10.31)°,and the difference between the two was statistically significant(P<0.001).There was no obvious linear relationship between the diameter ratio of A1 and ICA and the angle between A1 and ICA,and there was no obvious linear relationship between the diameter ratio of M1 and ICA and the angle between M1 and ICA.The peripheral perforator branches mainly consisted of 8.50(5.00,12.00)branches deriving from the proximal end of A1,0.50(0,3.25)branch deriving from the proximal end of M1,0(0,0.25)branch deriving from the distal end of ICA,(8.80±2.40)branches deriving from the posterior communicating artery,and(9.60±3.80)branches deriving from the anterior choroidal artery.The recurrent artery of Heubner was found in 28 sides,its main body could be the single trunk(30.00%),double trunk(43.00%),and triple trunk(20.00%).Conclusion The main structure and perforator branches of the ICA bifurcation can be clearly exposed through the LOK approach.When applying the LOK approach,it should be combined with the bifurcation angle,perforator branches distribution,and vascular variation characteristics of ICA bifurcation to optimize the aneurysm clipping plan,thereby thoroughly treating the lesion and minimizing the injury risk of perforator branches.

Regarding the challenge of early identification of critically ill patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(AECOPD),a radiomics-clinical fusion model is proposed based on non-contrast CT images of accessory respiratory muscles to predict life-threatening conditions.A retrospective study is conducted involving 233 AECOPD patients(153 non-life-threatening and 80 life-threatening cases).Patients are divided into a training set(n=186)and a test set(n=47)at a 4:1 ratio.A total of 1 874 radiomic features are extracted from the erector spinae and pectoralis muscle regions delineated by radiologists on non-contrast CT images,and the features selection is performed using maximum relevance minimum redundancy and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(LASSO)algorithms.Meanwhile,clinical data are analyzed with t-test and LASSO for variable screening.The selected features are input into C-support vector classification,Logistic regression,random forest,adaptive boosting(AdaBoost),and extreme gradient boosting(XGBoost)to construct radiomics model,clinical model,and fusion model.Predictive performance and clinical practicality are evaluated in the test set using receiver operating characteristic curve,area under the curve(AUC),and decision curve analysis.The radiomics-clinical fusion model built with XGBoost outperformed standalone radiomics and clinical models,achieving an AUC of 0.902(95％CI 0.846,0.994),with accuracy,sensitivity,specificity,and precision of 0.837,0.933,0.786,and 0.7,respectively.Results demonstrate that the fusion model based on the non-contrast CT radiomics of accessory respiratory muscles and clinical data exhibits promising diagnostic performance,highlighting its potential clinical significance for stratified management and preemptive critical care intervention in AECOPD patients.

Objective:To explore the mechanism of long non-coding RNA(lncRNA)HOXA transcript at the distal tip(HOT-TIP)in promoting the proliferation,migration and invasion of oral cancer cells via the mitogen activated protein kinase/extracellu-lar regulated protein kinase(MAPK/ERK)pathway.Methods:Human oral cancer KB cells were cultured in vitro and divided into control(without any treatment),pcDNA(transfected with pcDNA-NC,A group),pcDNA-HOTTIP(transfected with pcDNA-HOT-TIP,B group),MAPK/ERK pathway inhibitor PD98059(PD98059 group,50 μmol/L PD98059,C group)and pcDNA-HOTTIP+PD98059 groups(transfected with pcDNA-HOTTIP+50 μmol/L PD98059,D group).qRT-PCR was applied to detect HOTTIP mRNA expression,scratch test was applied to detect KB cell migration,Transwell assay was applied to detect cell invasion,flow cytometry was applied to detect cell apoptosis,CCK-8 was used to detect cell proliferation,Western blot was applied to detect the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway and epithelial mesenchymal transition(EMT)related protein expression levels in KB cells.Results:Compared with the control group,the KB cell scratch healing rate,cell invasion number,A450 value,p-MEK1/2,p-ERK1/2,and N-cadherin expression in pcDNA-HOTTIP group increased,the apoptosis rate and E-cadherin expression reduced(P＜0.05);scratch healing rate,cell invasion number,A450 value,p-MEK1/2,p-ERK1/2,and N-cadherin expression in PD98059 group reduced,the apoptosis rate and E-cadherin expression increased(P＜0.05).PD98059 weakened the role of HOT-TIP in promoting proliferation,migration and invasion of KB cells.Conclusion:LncRNA HOTTIP promotes proliferation,migra-tion,and invasion of KB cells by activating the MAPK/ERK pathway.