Objective: To systematically evaluate the application effectiveness of the full disinfection process in blood stations, identify key optimization links, and provide a scientific evidence for the formulation of specialized disinfection and hygiene standards for blood collection and supply institutions. Methods: On-site microbiological monitoring was conducted using techniques such as the plate settling method and cotton swab method. Stratified random sampling was performed on eight key control points: including evironmental air, hand hygiene, skin disinfection, blood transport boxes, pressure steam sterilization, sewage treatment, ultraviolet disinfection, and sterile swabs. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 20.0. Measurement data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation(x-±s), and inter-group comparisons were conducted using t-tests or analysis of variance (ANOVA). Count data were expressed as rates, and inter-group comparisons were conducted using the χ test. Trend analysis was performed using the Cochran-Armitage test, with a significance level of α=0.05. Results: The colony removal rate of plasma air disinfection machines (94.2%±0.8%) was significantly higher than that of the ultraviolet group (P<0.05). The qualification rate of quick-drying disinfectant hand was 100% within 30 days after opening the bottle, but decreased to 93.3% after 40 days (P<0.01). The qualification rate of disinfection for blood transport boxes using 500 mg/L chlorine-containing disinfectant (100%) was significant higher 75% alcohol (60%, P< 0.05). Skin disinfection with 2% alcoholic chlorhexidine gluconate balanced effectiveness and user experience (satisfaction score 4.8±0.3). The qualification rates for core procedures such as pressure steam sterilization and sewage treatment were both 100%. Conclusion: The current disinfection procedures in blood collection and supply institutions are reliable. The effective usage period of hand disinfectants, disinfection methods for transport boxes, and usage duration of sterile swabs are the main points for optimization. It is recommended that the opened hand disinfectants be used for ≤30 days and that chlorine-containing disinfectants be prioritized for wiping transport boxes, providing empirical support for the revision of protocols and the formulation of standards.

Objective To analyze the correlation between cardiac function and degree of coronary artery lesion in elderly patients with coronary heart disease. Methods A total of 110 elderly patients with coronary heart disease and 30 elderly people without coronary heart disease (non-coronary heart disease group) in the Third People's Hospital of Chengdu were selected for the study. Based on Gensini score, the patients with coronary heart disease were classified into mild, moderate and severe lesion groups. The echocardiographic indicators and myocardial injury indicators [cardiac troponin I (cTnI), creatine kinase (CK), creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB)] were compared among the groups. The correlation between cardiac function indicators and degree of coronary artery lesion and the evaluation value of various indicators on severe coronary artery lesion were analyzed. Results The left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was represented as severe lesion groupmoderate lesion group>mild lesion group> non-coronary heart disease group (P<0.05). LVEF showed a negative correlation with degree of coronary artery lesion (P<0.05), while LVEDD, LVESD, cTnI, CK and CK-MB all exhibited positive correlations with degree of coronary artery lesion (P<0.05). The combined detection of the above indicators demonstrated superior evaluation efficiency on severe coronary artery lesion compared to any single indicator (P<0.05). Conclusion There is a significant correlation between cardiac function and degree of coronary artery lesion in elderly patients with coronary heart disease. Comprehensive evaluation of these indicators is conducive to clinical disease risk stratification and individualized treatment.

Objective To verify the applicability of a pig STR multiplex amplification system for detecting processed foods containing pork and their digestive samples,and to evaluate its potential in food safety and forensic biological evidence analysis.Methods DNA profiles were obtained using the pig STR amplification system from food samples with different levels of processing(raw pork,boiled pork,fried pork,and sausage)and from digestive samples(rat gastric contents).The influence of processing methods on DNA integrity was assessed.The uniformity of large-scale processed ham products,the consistency of DNA profiles from different parts of the same sample,and the DNA degradation patterns after rat digestion were examined.Results STR profiling of pig DNA was successful in all tested samples.Short fragments showed high amplification stability,while long fragment signals weakened with increasing processing complexity.In processed ham products,DNA profiles were consistent across all sampled parts,with fragment drift within±0.5 bp.Analysis of rat gastric contents showed slight DNA degradation within 2 hours;after 3 hours,long fragment signals weakened,and after 4 hours,some loci signals were lost.Conclusion The pig STR multiplex amplification system exhibits excellent performance in detecting processed pork products and their digestive samples.It can meet the requirements of food traceability and forensic biological evidence analysis for processed pork,providing new insights for the advancement of forensic testing techniques in this field.

Objective To verify the applicability of a pig STR multiplex amplification system for detecting processed foods containing pork and their digestive samples,and to evaluate its potential in food safety and forensic biological evidence analysis.Methods DNA profiles were obtained using the pig STR amplification system from food samples with different levels of processing(raw pork,boiled pork,fried pork,and sausage)and from digestive samples(rat gastric contents).The influence of processing methods on DNA integrity was assessed.The uniformity of large-scale processed ham products,the consistency of DNA profiles from different parts of the same sample,and the DNA degradation patterns after rat digestion were examined.Results STR profiling of pig DNA was successful in all tested samples.Short fragments showed high amplification stability,while long fragment signals weakened with increasing processing complexity.In processed ham products,DNA profiles were consistent across all sampled parts,with fragment drift within±0.5 bp.Analysis of rat gastric contents showed slight DNA degradation within 2 hours;after 3 hours,long fragment signals weakened,and after 4 hours,some loci signals were lost.Conclusion The pig STR multiplex amplification system exhibits excellent performance in detecting processed pork products and their digestive samples.It can meet the requirements of food traceability and forensic biological evidence analysis for processed pork,providing new insights for the advancement of forensic testing techniques in this field.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of citicoline sodium tablets combined with huperzine A tablets in the treatment of patients with cognitive impairment after stroke,and to explore the influence on neurological function and serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)and brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF).Methods Patients with cognitive impairment after stroke were classified into control group and treatment group according to cohort method.The control group was given oral administration of huperzine A tablets 0.1-0.2 mg for twice a day,while the treatment group was given 0.2 g citicoline sodium tablets orally for three times a day on the basis of the control group.Both groups of patients were treated for 12 weeks.The clinical efficacy,cognitive function[Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE),National Institute of Health stroke scale,Barthel index],neurological function and daily living ability and serum vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)and brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)levels were compared and safety was evaluated.Results One hundred patients were enrolled in the experimental group and the control group.After treatment,the total effective rates in treatment group and control group were 92.00％(92 cases/100 cases)and 75.00％(75 cases/100 cases)with significant difference(P＜0.05).The MMSE scores in treatment group and control group after treatment were(23.40±2.43)and(19.35±2.51)points;the scores of National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale were(12.25±1.24)and(15.84±1.61)points;the Barthel Index scores were(71.14±8.60)and(64.26±8.33)points;VEGF levels were(191.52±14.80)and(125.73±11.48)pg·mL-1;BDNF levels were(9.47±1.59)and(8.01±1.35)ng·mL-1.There were statistically significant differences in the above indexes between the treatment group and the control group(all P＜0.05).The adverse drug reactions in the treatment group were mainly dizziness and nausea,and the adverse drug reactions in the control group were mainly dizziness and nausea.The incidence rates of adverse drug reactions in treatment group and control group were 8.00％(8 cases/100 cases)and 5.00％(5 cases/100 cases)(P＞0.05).Conclusion Citicoline sodium tablets combined with huperzine A tablets have a definite efficacy in the treatment of patients with cognitive impairment after stroke,and it has a significant improvement effect on cognitive function and neurological function of patients,with good safety.

OBJECTIVE: This study was aimed at investigating the carrier rate of, and molecular variation in, α- and β-globin gene mutations in Hunan Province. METHODS: We recruited 25,946 individuals attending premarital screening from 42 districts and counties in all 14 cities of Hunan Province. Hematological screening was performed, and molecular parameters were assessed. RESULTS: The overall carrier rate of thalassemia was 7.1%, including 4.83% for α-thalassemia, 2.15% for β-thalassemia, and 0.12% for both α- and β-thalassemia. The highest carrier rate of thalassemia was in Yongzhou (14.57%). The most abundant genotype of α-thalassemia and β-thalassemia was -α ^3.7/αα (50.23%) and β ^IVS-II-654/β ^N (28.23%), respectively. Four α-globin mutations [CD108 (ACC>AAC), CAP +29 (G>C), Hb Agrinio and Hb Cervantes] and six β-globin mutations [CAP +8 (C>T), IVS-II-848 (C>T), -56 (G>C), beta nt-77 (G>C), codon 20/21 (-TGGA) and Hb Knossos] had not previously been identified in China. Furthermore, this study provides the first report of the carrier rates of abnormal hemoglobin variants and α-globin triplication in Hunan Province, which were 0.49% and 1.99%, respectively. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates the high complexity and diversity of thalassemia gene mutations in the Hunan population. The results should facilitate genetic counselling and the prevention of severe thalassemia in this region.
Humans ; beta-Thalassemia/genetics* ; alpha-Thalassemia/genetics* ; Hemoglobinopathies/genetics* ; China/epidemiology* ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing

Objective:To analyze the costs and effectiveness of five common screening modes and genetic screening for thalassemia in China in order to find the optimal way and provide evidence for the implementation of thalassemia prevention and control projects in Hunan Province.Methods:From June 2020 to April 2021, 12 971 couples from 14 cities and autonomous prefectures in Hunan Province were selected as the study population. The diagnosis of thalassemia was based on the results of genetic testing. Results of routine blood test and hemoglobin electrophoresis were collected and analyzed. The efficacy of five screening modes, at the cut-off value of <80 fl or 82 fl for the mean corpuscular volume (MCV), was analyzed by positive predictive value, negative predictive value, Jorden index and cost-effectiveness ratio. Sensitivity analysis was used to assess the feasibility of genetic screening at different costs after fixing the costs of routine blood and hemoglobin electrophoresis. The five thalassemia screening models are as follows: Mode 1: The woman had a blood routine test first. If the result was positive, the spouse required a blood routine test. If both results were positive, a thalassemia gene test should be offered to the couple. Mode 2: Both husband and wife were screened by blood routine and hemoglobin electrophoresis. If one or both of them were positive, both would be tested for thalassemia gene. Mode 3: The couple received blood routine tests initially. If either was positive, both should receive hemoglobin electrophoresis testing. If either was positive, both parties will conduct thalassemia gene testing. Mode 4: The woman was screened by blood routine and hemoglobin electrophoresis. If any one of them was positive, the woman would be tested for thalassemia gene. If the gene test result was positive, the spouse should receive thalassemia gene. Mode 5: Both spouses conducted a blood routine test. If either was positive, both would conduct hemoglobin electrophoresis test. If both were positive, both spouses should receive thalassemia gene testing. Gene testing mode: The woman would be tested for thalassemia, and her spouse would have thalassemia test too if her result was positive.Results:When using MCV<80 fl as the cut-off for diagnosing thalassemia, the Youden indices of the five prenatal screening modes in Hunan Province were 0.551, 0.639, 0.898, 0.555 and 0.356, while when using MCV<82 fl as the cut-off, the Youden indices were 0.549, 0.629, 0.851, 0.548 and 0.356. When the MCV cut-off value was <80 fl, the missed diagnosis rates of the five screening modes were 44.44%, 0.00, 0.00, 18.52% and 62.96%, and the cost-effectiveness ratios were 21 709, 250 939, 76 870, 138 463 and 92 860 yuan (RMB)/couple, respectively. When the price of genetic testing was lower than 55 yuan (RMB), the cost-effectiveness ratio of genetic screening was lower than that of Mode 3.Conclusions:MCV<80 fl can be considered as the positive criteria in blood routine screening for thalassemia in Hunan Province, and the cost-effectiveness ratio of Mode 3 (the couple received blood routine tests initially. If either was positive, both should receive hemoglobin electrophoresis testing. If either was positive, both parties will conduct thalassemia gene testing) is the best. Genetic screening has certain advantages with the decreasing price.

Molecular imaging is a developing research field and it has become a research hotspot.It integrates molecular biochemistry, data processing, nanotechnology, image processing and other technologies and has high specificity, high sensitivity, and high image resolution.It can provide qualitative, positioning, and quantitative data for clinical diagnosis.Clinically, 30% of epileptic patients develop into intractable epilepsy, but magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) can not detect structural lesions.These patients need accurate positioning in order to improve the effectiveness of epilepsy surgery.Because the current preoperative positioning methods have certain limitations, some epileptic patients still have recurrent seizures after the operation.Therefore, researchers continue to explore targeted tracers with high specificity and strong sensitivity.Various nanotechnology and functional magnetic resonance imaging methods are used to study the accurate localization methods of epilepsy.This paper summarized and analyzed the latest research of molecular imaging technology in China and abroad, such as the latest research of single photon emission computed tomography(SPECT) and positron emission tomography(PET) molecular imaging, the application of various nanotechnology combined with functional magnetic resonance in the accurate diagnosis and treatment of epilepsy, and various targeted tracers that haven been developed at present.The results suggest that the continuous improvement of quantitative image analysis, the integration of multi-mode imaging, the development of PET radioactive tracers, and the combination of nanotechnology and functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI) will facilitate a more comprehensive understanding of the pathophysiological mechanism of epilepsy.It is promising to realize the accurate diagnosis and treatment of intractable epilepsy.

ObjectiveTo determine the value of MRI blooming sign in differentiating benign and malignant small breast masses and investigate its radiologic-pathologic correlation. MethodsThis retrospective study included 554 small breast masses （291 malignant and 263 benign） which were ≤ 2 cm and validated by pathology analysis between June 2016 and September 2020. All 554 patients underwent breast MRI. The clinical characteristics and MR features were analyzed. Univariate and multivariate regression analysis were performed to identify the independent risk factors of breast cancer. Two diagnostic models were constructed based on independent risk factors （model 1 included blooming sign and model 2 didn’t）. ROC curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic performances of the two models. The histological changes of peritumoral tissues in all small masses were analyzed. ResultsThe blooming sign was positive in 199 cases （68.4%） of the malignant masses and 25 cases （9.5%） of the benign ones （P＜0.05）. Univariate and multivariate regression analysis showed that age， lesion diameter， margin， ADC value， time signal intensity curve type and blooming sign were independent risk factors for breast cancer. Odds ratio were 1.065， 4.515， 2.811， 0.013， 3.487 and 13.894， respectively. Their corresponding 95%CI were （1.034， 1.097）， （2.368， 8.608）， （1.954， 4.045）， （0.004， 0.049）， （2.087， 5.826） and （7.026， 27.477）， respectively. The diagnostic performance of model 1 （blooming sign included） was better than that of model 2 （blooming sign not included； AUC： 0.938 vs 0.897， P < 0.05）. Histopathological analysis showed that the blooming sign was related to peritumoral lymphocyte infiltration and vascular proliferation. ConclusionsMRI blooming sign is helpful for distinguishing breast cancer from benign masses. The correlated histopathological basis may be peritumoral lymphocyte infiltration and neovascularization.

Objective: To analyze the prevalence of dry and wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in patients with diabetes, hypertension and hyperlipidemia, and to analyze the risk factors for AMD. Methods: A population-based cross-sectional epidemiologic study was conducted involving 14,440 individuals. We assessed the prevalence of dry and wet AMD in diabetic and non-diabetic subjects and analyzed the risk factors for AMD. Results: The prevalence of wet AMD in diabetic and non-diabetic patients was 0.3% and 0.5%, respectively, and the prevalence of dry AMD was 17% and 16.4%, respectively. The prevalence of wet AMD in healthy, hypertensive, hyperlipidemic, and hypertensive/hyperlipidemic populations was 0.5%, 0.3%, 0.2%, and 0.7%, respectively. The prevalence of dry AMD in healthy, hypertensive, hyperlipidemic, and hypertensive/hyperlipidemic populations was 16.6%, 16.2%, 15.2%, and 17.2%, respectively. Age, sex, body mass index, and use of hypoglycemic drugs or lowering blood pressure drugs were corrected in the risk factor analysis of AMD. Diabetes, diabetes/hypertension, diabetes/hyperlipidemia, and diabetes/hypertension/hyperlipidemia were analyzed. None of the factors analyzed in the current study increased the risk for the onset of AMD. Conclusion There was no significant difference in the prevalence of wet and dry AMD among diabetic and non-diabetic subjects. Similarly, there was no significant difference in the prevalence of wet and dry AMD among subjects with hypertension and hyperlipidemia. Diabetes co-existing with hypertension and hyperlipidemia were not shown to be risk factors for the onset of dry AMD.
Cross-Sectional Studies ; Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiology* ; Humans ; Hyperlipidemias/epidemiology* ; Hypertension/epidemiology* ; Macular Degeneration/etiology* ; Risk Factors