Alcohol dependence (AD) is a chronic relapsing mental disorder characterized by uncontrolled use of alcohol, compulsive drinking, and a high relapse rate. Long-term heavy drinking damages the cardiovascular and neurological systems of AD patients, resulting in dysregulation of the autonomic nervous system and impaired emotional regulation, which is also associated with craving and relapse. Monitoring autonomic nervous system is beneficial for improving the prognosis of AD and promoting abstinence. Heart rate variability (HRV) effectively reflects autonomic nervous system function. The current study found that the HRV index of AD patients with imbalanced autonomic nervous system is associated with compulsive drinking, negative mood, and attentional bias. These indices can reflect and predict post-discharge relapse in AD and are expected to become effective and objective electrophysiological indicators for guiding clinical diagnosis and treatment. Research on HRV in AD patients is currently widespread. This article reviews relevant studies in recent years, aiming to deepen understanding of the current status in this field and provide a reference for future research and clinical work.

Alcohol dependence (AD) is a chronic relapsing mental disorder characterized by uncontrolled use of alcohol, compulsive drinking, and a high relapse rate. Long-term heavy drinking damages the cardiovascular and neurological systems of AD patients, resulting in dysregulation of the autonomic nervous system and impaired emotional regulation, which is also associated with craving and relapse. Monitoring autonomic nervous system is beneficial for improving the prognosis of AD and promoting abstinence. Heart rate variability (HRV) effectively reflects autonomic nervous system function. The current study found that the HRV index of AD patients with imbalanced autonomic nervous system is associated with compulsive drinking, negative mood, and attentional bias. These indices can reflect and predict post-discharge relapse in AD and are expected to become effective and objective electrophysiological indicators for guiding clinical diagnosis and treatment. Research on HRV in AD patients is currently widespread. This article reviews relevant studies in recent years, aiming to deepen understanding of the current status in this field and provide a reference for future research and clinical work.