Psychiatric symptoms caused by COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) infection are common in clinical practice. In addition to the anxiety, depression, and insomnia, which are often seen, COVID-19 infection also leads to new onset of psychotic symptoms or exacerbation of pre-existing psychiatric symptoms. This study reported a case of a patient with a history of bipolar disorder who presented with clinical manifestations of catatonia after COVID-19 infection. Neurological impairments in this patient were confirmed by neurological physical examination, brain imaging, and cerebrospinal fluid examination. After treatment with lorazepam, glucocorticoids, and low-dose antipsychotics, the patient′s catatonia was significantly relieved. Clinicians should pay attention to the neurological damage caused by COVID-19 infection to be providing comprehensive analysis, diagnosis, and integrated treatment for patients who develop psychiatric symptoms after COVID-19 infection.

Objective To explore the presentation of T2 weighted magnetic resonance imaging(T2WI)and dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging(DCE-MRI)parameters in patients with prostate cancer and their correlations with prostate specific antigen(PSA)level and International Society of Urological pathology(ISUP)grading.Methods A total of 82 patients with prostate diseases who were admitted to Yixing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital between March 2019 and June 2023 were selected as research objects,including 52 patients with prostate cancer and 30 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia.T2WI and DCE-MRI parameters of these patients were compared.Results The proportion of prostate cancer patients with T2WI score≥4 was 50.00%,which was higher than that of the benign prostatic hyperplasia patients(P<0.05).The peak time(Tmax)of prostate cancer patients was 70 541.44(45 035.20,90 655.41)ms,which was shorter than that of the patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia(P<0.05).The fastest enhancement rate(Rmax)of prostate cancer patients was 36.60±14.41,which was higher than that in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia(P<0.05).The proportions of patients with T2WI score≥4 in stages Ⅲ-Ⅳ,ISUP grading≥4,and PSA≥50 ng/ml were 62.50%,75.00%and 63.16%,respectively,which were significantly higher than those in stages Ⅰ-Ⅱ,ISUP grading≤3,and PSA level<50 ng/ml(all P<0.05).The Tmax of patients in stages Ⅲ-Ⅳ was 68 405.44(43 506.43,82 204.32)ms,which was lower than that of stagesⅠ-Ⅱpatients(all P<0.05).The Rmax of patients in stages Ⅲ-Ⅳ was 39.16±9.50,which was higher than that of stages Ⅰ-Ⅱ patients(all P<0.05).The Tmax of patients with ISUP grading≥4 was 66 504.32(43 506.43,84 053.12)ms,which was lower than that of patients with ISUP grading≤3(P<0.05).The Rmax of patients with ISUP grading≥4 was 40.38±9.75,which was higher than that of patients with ISUP grading≤3(P<0.05).The Tmax of patients with PSA≥50 ng/ml was 63 044.22(45 035.20,82 204.32)ms,which was shorter than that of patients with PSA<50 ng/ml(P<0.05).The Rmax of patients with PSA≥50 ng/ml was 39.15±9.05,which was higher than that of patients with PSA<50 ng/ml(P<0.05).Tmax was negatively correlated with PSA(P<0.05),while Rmax was positively correlated with PSA(P<0.05).T2WI manifestations and Rmax were positively correlated with ISUP grading(all P<0.05),while Tmax was negatively correlated with ISUP grading(P<0.05).Conclusion T2WI and DCE-MRI parameters are correlated with clinical staging,ISUP grading,and PSA level of prostate cancer,which is worthy of further clinical research.

Psychiatric symptoms caused by COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) infection are common in clinical practice. In addition to the anxiety, depression, and insomnia, which are often seen, COVID-19 infection also leads to new onset of psychotic symptoms or exacerbation of pre-existing psychiatric symptoms. This study reported a case of a patient with a history of bipolar disorder who presented with clinical manifestations of catatonia after COVID-19 infection. Neurological impairments in this patient were confirmed by neurological physical examination, brain imaging, and cerebrospinal fluid examination. After treatment with lorazepam, glucocorticoids, and low-dose antipsychotics, the patient′s catatonia was significantly relieved. Clinicians should pay attention to the neurological damage caused by COVID-19 infection to be providing comprehensive analysis, diagnosis, and integrated treatment for patients who develop psychiatric symptoms after COVID-19 infection.

Pinealoma often comorbid with obstructive hydrocephalus due to their specific location and type, therefore, patients with pinealoma need to be treated by a combined ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) along with surgical resection. Shunt failure is the most common complication after surgery. In this paper, we report a case of obstructive hydrocephalus caused by shunt obstruction after pineal gland tumor resection combined with ventriculoperitoneal shunt. The patient first showed low mood, decreased interest and energy, and gradually developed into manifestations of less eating, less talking, less movement, repeated psychiatric visits, and showed no improvement after treatment with antidepressants. The purpose of the current study is to increase the knowledge of these diseases and reduce misdiagnosis.

Pinealoma often comorbid with obstructive hydrocephalus due to their specific location and type, therefore, patients with pinealoma need to be treated by a combined ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) along with surgical resection. Shunt failure is the most common complication after surgery. In this paper, we report a case of obstructive hydrocephalus caused by shunt obstruction after pineal gland tumor resection combined with ventriculoperitoneal shunt. The patient first showed low mood, decreased interest and energy, and gradually developed into manifestations of less eating, less talking, less movement, repeated psychiatric visits, and showed no improvement after treatment with antidepressants. The purpose of the current study is to increase the knowledge of these diseases and reduce misdiagnosis.

Objective:To explore the relationship between negative symptoms and resting alpha-band power in patients with schizophrenia.Method:Thirteen patients with schizophrenia who met the ICD-10 diagnostic criteria were scanned by magnetoencephalography (MEG) in the eyes-closed resting state. The alpha-band powers were calculated using the short-time sliding window method in the time domain. The powers of eight brain regions include left frontal lobe,right frontal lobe,left temporal lobe,right temporal lobe,left parietal lobe,right parietal lobe,left occipital lobe and right occipital lobe. The average powers of these regions were obtained respectively. Clinical symptoms in patients with schizophrenia were assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS),which evaluated 30 items covering positive and negative symptoms and general psychopathology. The patients were then divided into the less negative symptom group (i.e.,a lower score than the median) and the highly negative symptom group (i.e., a higher score than the median) according to the negative symptom scores. A nonparametric rank sum test,Wilcoxon two-sample rank sum test,was used to compare the difference between the two groups in the total alpha power and the alpha powers of eight brain regions. Multivariate linear regression was then used to analyze the relationship between the alpha power of the right temporal region and negative symptoms. Analysis of covariance was used to control for the confounding effects of anxiety and depression and years of education on the negative symptoms. Kendall′s tau-b analysis was used to explore the correlation between the negative symptoms and the alpha powers of eight brain regions.Result:There was a significant difference ( Z=-2.143, P=0.032) in the alpha powers of the right temporal lobe between the two groups. The negative symptom scale score can be contributed by the changes of alpha power in the right temporal lobe, years of education,anxiety and depression factor scores and positive symptom scale score (corrected r2=0.894). The alpha power of the right temporal lobe had a significant effect on negative symptoms ( t=3.965, P=0.004). Conclusion:The negative symptoms of schizophrenic patients may be related to the abnormal alpha power in the right temporal lobe.

Objective:To explore the relationship between negative symptoms and resting alpha-band power in patients with schizophrenia.Method:Thirteen patients with schizophrenia who met the ICD-10 diagnostic criteria were scanned by magnetoencephalography (MEG) in the eyes-closed resting state. The alpha-band powers were calculated using the short-time sliding window method in the time domain. The powers of eight brain regions include left frontal lobe,right frontal lobe,left temporal lobe,right temporal lobe,left parietal lobe,right parietal lobe,left occipital lobe and right occipital lobe. The average powers of these regions were obtained respectively. Clinical symptoms in patients with schizophrenia were assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS),which evaluated 30 items covering positive and negative symptoms and general psychopathology. The patients were then divided into the less negative symptom group (i.e.,a lower score than the median) and the highly negative symptom group (i.e., a higher score than the median) according to the negative symptom scores. A nonparametric rank sum test,Wilcoxon two-sample rank sum test,was used to compare the difference between the two groups in the total alpha power and the alpha powers of eight brain regions. Multivariate linear regression was then used to analyze the relationship between the alpha power of the right temporal region and negative symptoms. Analysis of covariance was used to control for the confounding effects of anxiety and depression and years of education on the negative symptoms. Kendall′s tau-b analysis was used to explore the correlation between the negative symptoms and the alpha powers of eight brain regions.Result:There was a significant difference ( Z=-2.143, P=0.032) in the alpha powers of the right temporal lobe between the two groups. The negative symptom scale score can be contributed by the changes of alpha power in the right temporal lobe, years of education,anxiety and depression factor scores and positive symptom scale score (corrected r2=0.894). The alpha power of the right temporal lobe had a significant effect on negative symptoms ( t=3.965, P=0.004). Conclusion:The negative symptoms of schizophrenic patients may be related to the abnormal alpha power in the right temporal lobe.

Objective To explore the relationship between the serum neuropeptide Y (NPY) levels and the pathogenesis,therapeutic intervention of schizophrenia. Methods One hundard twenty-five patients with schizophrenia (case group) with no medication for at least 4-week and 136 healthy controls (control group) were evaluated by Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scala (PANSS). Simultaneously blood tests were performed to detect serum NPY levels. In the case group, PANSS was evaluated and blood collected again after 4 weeks of treatment with olanzapine. Result At the baseline,the serum NPY concentration was significantly lower in the case group than in control group (t=-5.79, P<0.01). The scores of RBANS and its factors were significantly lower in the case group than in control group (all P<0.01). The concentration was positively correlated with the score of the attention factor for RBANS scale (r=0.20, P=0.04). After treatment with olanzapine for 4 weeks,the serum NPY level in the case group was significantly increased (t=-2.23,P=0.03).The scores of PANSS total scale and subscale were significantly decreased(all P<0.01).There was no significant correlation between alterations of the serum level of NPY and PANSS total or subscale scores from baseline to 4-week (all P>0.05). Conclusion The present study has revealed a significant decrease in serum NPY levels in patients with schizophrenia which can be attenuated by treatment of Olanzapine.The action of Olanzapine may be related to the mechanism of action of Olanzapine.However,there is no correlation between alterations of the serum level of NPY and the improvement in the patientˊs clinical symptoms.

Objective To examine the correlation between the gene of phosphate and tension homology deleted on chromosometen (PTEN gene) polymorphism and schizophrenia (SCZ) associated with the type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM ) in Shanghai Han population. Methods The study recruited 591 long-stay schizophrenic inpatients including 304 with and 287 without type 2 diabetes mellitus, 206 patients with the type 2 diabetes mellitus and 205 normal subjects from Shanghai Han population. SNPs of PTEN gene (rs1234225, rs12569998, rs1234223) were genotyped by using Taqman genotyping. The frequency distributions of allele, genotype and haplotype between groups were analyzed. Results There were significant differences in the frequency of rs1234223 genotype (P=0.01) and allele distribution (P=0.02) between the SCZ with type 2 diabetes mellitus group and the SCZ without type 2 diabetes mellitus group. The difference of genotype frequencies remained statistically significant (P=0.03) but the allele distribution was not (P=0.06) after Bonferroni correction. Haplotype analysis showed that TTC haplotype was less common in the SCZ with type 2 diabetes mellitus group than in the SCZ without type 2 diabetes mellitus group (P=0.02). Conclusions PTEN gene may be a susceptibility gene for schizophrenia with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Chinese Han population. The TTC haplotype may be a protective factor for schizophrenia with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Objective To investigate the status quo of wander behavior among inpatients with senile dementia and discuss relevant risk factors.Methods Totally 84 inpatients with senile dementia from the Department of Geriatrics of Shanghai Mental Health Center were selected, evaluated with Revised-Algase Wandering Scale (RAWS), Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI), and divided into a wandering group (69 patients) and a non-wandering group (15 patients). The risk factors related to wander behavior were analyzed.Results The incidence of wander behavior among the inpatients with senile dementia was 82.1%, with spatial disorientation as the main form in RAWS factor analysis; The MMSE score of the patients in the wandering group was (2.58±5.65), lower than that of the patients in the non-wandering group, and their NPI score was (17.88±7.93), higher than that of the patients in the non-wandering group (t=2.89, 2.21;P<0.05). According to the Logistic Stepwise Multiple Regression, wander was closely related to severity of dementia, mental and behavior disorder and NPI apatheia.Conclusions Wander behavior is widely found among patients with senile dementia and brings great difficulty to their caregivers. Therefore, studies on their causes play a practical part in improving the treatment, nursing and family care for patients with senile dementia and preventing them from getting lost, felling down and being injured.