Hepatic angiomyolipoma （HAML） is a rare benign mesenchymal tumor frequently observed in middle-aged women. Due to the absence of prominent symptoms in the early stage and the lack of specific imaging findings， the diagnosis of this disease can be challenging， leading to a high rate of misdiagnosis. This article reports a case of giant HAML with subcapsular rupture that was misdiagnosed as hepatocellular carcinoma and introduces the characteristics of the case and its diagnosis and treatment process， in order to provide a reference for the diagnosis and treatment of this type of disease.

Cationic carriers have demonstrated broad application prospects in drug delivery due to their excellent drug-loading capacity and delivery performance. However, their high-density positive surface charge often leads to systemic toxicity and nonspecific uptake, posing significant barriers to clinical translation. In recent years, the emergence of charge shielding and stimuli-responsive strategies has provided effective avenues for modulating biocompatibility and targeting specificity. This review systematically summarizes the applications of chemical modification, natural polymer coating, and biomimetic membrane strategies in charge shielding. Furthermore, it explores the roles of endogenous stimuli such as pH, enzymes, and reactive oxygen species, as well as exogenous triggers like light and ultrasound, in achieving precise activation and controlled release. With the integration of multi-functional modules and the development of intelligent delivery platforms, cationic carriers are progressively advancing from laboratory research toward clinical translation. This review also discusses the translational potential and critical technical bottlenecks of related delivery systems, aiming to provide a theoretical framework and some reference for the design of next-generation smart delivery systems.

China is a country with a high prevalence of myopia,and the incidence of myopia among adolescents is in-creasing year by year.The usage rate of orthokeratology is also increasing year by year.In order to improve the effectiveness of myopia control,ophthalmologists have adopted plans such as optimizing lens design and combined treatment to provide protection for adolescent myopia control.This article reviews the diverse clinical applications of orthokeratology and their effectiveness based on national and international literature.

Objective : To investigate the effect and mechanism of ARRB1 on Armillariella tabescens polysaccharides reversal of 5-fluorouracil ( 5-FU ) -induced chemotherapeutic intestinal mucosal injury． Methods : Twelve ARRB1 knockout ( ARRB1 －/ － ) and wild-type ( WT) C57BL /6 mice were randomly divided into Control，Model and ATPS groups (200 mg / kg) ，respectively．5-FU (50 mg / kg) was injected intraperitoneally for 7 days to establish a model of chemotherapeutic intestinal mucosal injury．The histopathological damage of jejunum was evaluated by HE staining ; the activity of serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) and diamine oxidase (DAO) was measured by kits ; the expression of tight junction protein (TJ) markers ZO-1，Occludin，Claudin-1 and proliferation-associated protein Ki-67 was detected by immunohistochemistry．Crypt isolation and organoid culture were used to detect the growth status of small intestinal organoids. Results : 5-FU chemotherapy reduced body weight，aggravated histopathological damage in small intestine，decreased SOD level，TJ protein and Ki-67 protein expression，increased serum DAO level，decreased spherical structure formation rate and organoid formation rate ; compared with the model group，after ATPS treatment，WT mice recovered body weight，decreased pathological damage，increased serum SOD level，TJ protein and Ki-67 protein expression，DAO levels decreased，and the rates of spherical structure for- mation and organoid formation were significantly higher．However，ARRB1 －/ － mice failed to reverse the effect of 5- FU after ATPS treatment． Conclusion ATPS reverses 5-FU-induced intestinal mucositis through the protective effects of ARRB1 on intestinal barrier and organoid growth.

Objective:To understand the impact of intimate social networks and sexual networks on HIV-infection in men aged ≥50 years in Pengzhou, Sichuan Province, and provide reference for the formulation of HIV/AIDS prevention and control strategies in middle-aged and elderly people.Methods:A case-control study was conducted by an interview-style questionnaire survey in a case group consisted of 114 men aged ≥50 years and a control group consisted of 423 healthy men matched by age frequency in Pengzhou, Sichuan Province, from April 2019 to October 2020, and the influencing factors of HIV infection were identified by unconditional stepwise logistic regression analysis.Results:Among the 114 cases, 63.16% (72/114) and 96.49% (110/114) of men had intimate social network size and sexual network size ≥4 people, which were higher than the control group of 23.40% (99/423) and 11.58% (49/423) (all P<0.05).The overlap of intimate social network and sexual network was 49.12% (56/114) in the case group, which was lower than that in the control group (82.27%, 348/423)( P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that the size of the intimate social network ≥4 people ( OR=8.66, 95 %CI: 2.01-37.30), the size of the sexual network ≥4 people ( OR=1 121.11, 95% CI: 28.38-4 429.61), the material support from the first intimate network member ( OR=6.39, 95% CI: 1.03-39.75), and multiple sexual partners ( OR=55.50, 95% CI: 6.22-494.96) were the risk factors of HIV-infection in men aged ≥50 years. Receiving health education about AIDS ( OR=0.07, 95% CI: 0.01-0.37), high sexual satisfaction with the first sexual partner and good personal relationship ( OR=0.02, 95% CI: 0.01-0.59; OR=0.01, 95% CI: 0.01-0.26), and the overlap between intimate social network and sexual network ( OR=0.02, 95% CI: 0.01-0.38) were the protective factors of HIV-infection in men aged ≥50 years. Conclusions:The overlap of intimate social network and sexual network can reduce the risk of HIV-infection in men aged ≥50 years. It is important to help middle-aged and elderly men to build good and stable intimate social and sexual networks to meet their social communication and sex demands and prevent HIV infection by reducing high riak sexual behaviors.

Objective:To explore clinical features, diagnosis, localization, and therapeutic strategy of migratory pharyngeal and cervical esophageal foreign bodies.Methods:A total 23 cases of pharyngeal and cervical esophageal migratory foreign bodies were admitted between January 2015 and December 2021. There were 14 females and 9 males with the age ranged from 35 to 82 (55.0±12.7)years. In all the cases, esophageal CT was taken to confirm the esophageal foreign body. Multiplanar reconstruction (MPR) was performed to locate the foreign body from the horizontal, coronal and sagittal dimensions as well as the corrected reconstructed MPR. According to the location of the foreign body, appropriate surgical method was selected.The symptoms, complications, types of foreign body, positioning, surgical methods, and relevant information were recorded.Data were analyzed using the descriptive method and SPSS 25.0 software.Results:The clinical symptoms of 23 migrating esophageal foreign bodies included pharyngodynia (20/23), foreign body sensation (6/23), hoarsenss (1/23), difficulty in turning neck(1/23), difficulty in opening mouth (1/23), fever (7/23), poor appetite (1/23), and abdominal pain (1/23). The foreign bodies included 19 fish bones, 2 wires, 1 embroidery needle and 1 chicken bone. There were 9 cases (39.1%) of foreign bodies located in extraluminal cervical esophagus, 2 cases (8.7%) of foreign bodies located in the muscular layer of the cervical esophagus and 12 cases (52.2%) of foreign bodies located in pharynx. Twenty-one cases of foreign bodies were removed by cervical lateral incision, in which 11 were removed by cervical lateral incision directly, 10 by the second lateral cervical incision after the foreign bodies were accurately located by MPR and/or corrected MPR, 1 foreign body was removed by incision of the pharyngeal mucosa under suspension laryngoscope, 1 foreign body was removed by tracheoscopy. Compared with patients with intraluminal foreign bodies ( n=308) treated in the same period, intake of fishbone [19 (19/23) vs. 133 (82.6% (43.2%, 133/308), OR=7.31] and first visit was more than 24 hours [20(87.0%, 20/23) vs. 77(25.0%, 77/308), OR=17.2] were the significant risk factors of migratory esophageal foreign bodies. Conclusions:MPR and the corrected MPR can accurately locate the migrating pharyngeal and cervical esophageal foreign bodies, by providing more intuitive imaging evidence for doctors, which provide imaging basis for formulation of surgical programs. Foreign bodies in pharyngeal and cervical esophagus need to be treated as soon as possible, otherwise they are easy to migrate, leading lead to serious complications.

Currently,there are a lot of targets for the treatment of HBV infection,both for the host,and for the virus itself.However,existed clinical drugs can only control HBV infection,and can not remove the HBV,especially cccDNA.Therefore,the chronic persistent infection caused by HBV related diseases is still seriously threat to human health.People are still impatient for the development of new effective anti-HBV drugs.In this paper,we review the recent research of the anti-hepatitis B virus based on the host as the target.

OBJECTIVETo construct a lentiviral vector carrying the γ-synuclein(SNCG) gene and establish a human colorectal carcinoma cell line SW1116 stably expressing this gene, and then investigate the inhibition of the growth and invasion capacity of SW1116 cells.

METHODSRNA interference fragment was designed according to the SNCG sequence (GenBank: No.NM003087.2), and then SNCG RNAi effective target genes were screened. After the Oligo DNA of target sequences was synthesized, the lentiviral vectors carrying LV-SNCG-RNAi-EGFP (RNAi group) and LV-SNCG-NC-EGFP (NC group) were constructed and packaged to produce lentivirus venom. The supernatants of different virus-producing cells were used to transfect SW1116 cells respectively. Wild SW1116 cells were used as blank control (CON group) EGFP fluorescence was detected by fluorescent microscopy and the differential expression of SNCG mRNA and protein was detected by real-time PCR and Western blot. CCK-8, soft agar assay and Transwell chamber were employed to estimate the inhibiting effect on growth and invasion of SW1116 respectively.

RESULTSRecombinant lentiviral vectors respectively carrying the SNCG-RNAi-EGFP and SNCG-NC-EGFP were successfully constructed and the supernatants of lentivirus could effectively infect SW1116 cells. The titer of the virus carrying LV-SNCG-RNAi-EGFP or LV-SNCG-NC-EGFP was 8×10(8) TU/ml. Real-time PCR and Western blot confirmed that compared with the NC group, SNCG-RNAi group had lower SNCG expression (1.009±0.161 vs. 0.114±0.030, P=0.009), and showed tremendous silencing effect as 76.8%(P<0.05). SNCG protein expression was also significantly reduced (RNAi:12.001±2.884, NC:32.443±4.731, CON:34.308±6.920, P<0.05). After SNCG knockdown, the number of proliferation cells was obviously reduced at 48, 72, 96 and 120 hours respectively(P=0.036). In soft agar assay, clones in RNAi group were smaller[RNAi:(0.582±0.103) mm, NC:(1.863±0.316) mm, CON:(1.749±0.525) mm]. Colony formation rate of RNAi group was down to (17.1±3.5)%, which was significantly lower than (36.5±4.3)% in NC group and (33.8±3.9)% in CON group. In migration test, the number of invasion cell was 37.4±9.3 in RNAi group, which was significantly less than 112.3±8.6 in NC group and 100±0.0 in CON group.

CONCLUSIONExpression of SNCG mRNA and protein plays an important role in the growth and the invasion capacity of SW1116 cells.

Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; pathology ; Genetic Vectors ; Humans ; Lentivirus ; RNA Interference ; RNA, Messenger ; RNA, Small Interfering ; genetics ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Transfection ; gamma-Synuclein ; genetics

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of matrix gamma carboxy glutamic acid protein(MGP) for coronary heart disease(CHD) .Methods Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was performed for the detection of serum MGP level in health‐y subjects and CHD patients with different coronary artery calcium score(CACS) .Receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve was used to analyze the diagnostic value of MGP for CHD .Results Between CHD patients and healthy subjects ,and CHD patients with different CACS ,the difference of serum MGP level was significant ,and serum MGP level was positively correlated with CACS (P<0 .05) .ROC curve of showed that the area under ROC curve was 0 .667 ,the diagnostic threshold was 70 .69 pg/mL ,the diag‐nostic sensitivity was 58 .80% ,the specificity was 83 .70% and the Youden index was 0 .425 .Conclusion CHD patients might be with abnormal serum MGP level ,which could be positively correlated with CACS .MGP might be with significant value for the diag‐nosis of CHD ,could be useful for the clinical prevention and early diagnosis of CHD .

Objective Using shotgun mass spectrometry to detect proteins probably contained in bone marrow stromal cells(BMSCs) conditioned medium. MethodsMixed with BMSCs conditioned medium was divided into two parts which is(>5kD and <5kD) by means of ultrafiltration. The two parts were used to culture neural stem cells(NSCs) separately, and the proportions of neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes in the offsprings of NSCs were calculated, then the effective part that could regulate the differentiation of NSCs was detected by Shotgun mass spectrometry. Results The BMSCs conditioned medium which is >5kD could promote the NSCs differentiate into more neurons and oligodendrocytes. The SDS-PAGE of this part showed that the most proteins were above 14kD, then the protein bands were enzymed. In total, 456 proteins were identified by Shotgun mass spectrometry after all the protein bands were enzymed, there were 154 similar proteins, 17 hypothetical proteins and 56 unknown proteins. And in the rest of 229 proteins, most of them were cytoskeletal proteins, secreted proteins, signal transduction proteins, enzymes, transporter and so on. Conclusion Many proteins secreted by BMSCs could regulate the differentiation of NSCs so as to prove the protein components probably existed in the BMSCs conditioned medium.