Janus kinase 2（JAK2）/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3（STAT3） signaling pathway regulates multiple processes in neurons， including growth， development， proliferation and differentiation， and is closely associated with the onset， progression and treatment of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury （CIRI）. This article provides an overview of the JAK2/ STAT3 signaling pathway and its relationship with CIRI， followed by a comprehensive review of the current research status on the regulation of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway by traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） to ameliorate CIRI. Among them， TCM monomers and compound prescriptions such as glycyrrhetinic acid， triptolide， and Taohong siwu decoction can inhibit inflammatory responses， enhance cellular autophagy， and suppress apoptosis by inhibiting the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway， thereby alleviating CIRI. In addition， TCM monomers and compound prescriptions like astragaloside Ⅳ， ginkgolide K， and Qingnao dripping pills can mitigate CIRI by activating the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway to inhibit oxidative stress， promote angiogenesis， and enhance neuronal survival rates.

Objective:To analyze the impact of cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis on the proliferation and differentiation of intestinal epithelial cells.Methods:① Animal experiment: sixteen male C57BL/6 mice were divided into sham operation group (Sham group) and CLP-induced sepsis model group (CLP group) by random number table method, with 8 mice in each group. After 5 days of operation, the jejunal tissues were taken for determination of leucine-rich-repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptor 5 (LGR5) and intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The translation of LGR5 was detected by Western blotting. The expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (Ki67) was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. IAP level was detected by modified calcium cobalt staining and colorimetry. Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the expression of Paneth cell marker molecule lysozyme 1 (LYZ1) and goblet cell marker molecule mucin 2 (MUC2). ② Cell experiment: IEC6 cells in logarithmic growth stage were divided into blank control group and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group (LPS 5 μg/mL). Twenty-four hours after treatment, PCR and Western blotting were used to analyze the transcription and translation of LGR5. The proliferation of IEC6 cells were detected by 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) staining. The transcription and translation of IAP were detected by PCR and colorimetric method respectively.Results:① Animal experiment: the immunohistochemical results showed that the positive rate of Ki67 staining in the jejunal tissue of CLP group was lower than that of Sham group [(41.7±2.5)% vs. (48.7±1.4)%, P = 0.01]. PCR and Western blotting results showed that there were no statistical differences in the mRNA and protein expressions of LGR5 in the jejunal tissue between the CLP group and Sham group (Lgr5 mRNA: 0.7±0.1 vs. 1.0±0.2, P = 0.11; LGR5/β-actin: 0.83±0.17 vs. 0.68±0.19, P = 0.24). The mRNA (0.4±0.1 vs. 1.0±0.1, P < 0.01) and protein (U/g: 47.3±6.0 vs. 73.1±15.3, P < 0.01) levels of IAP in the jejunal tissue were lower in CLP group. Immunofluorescence saining analysis showed that the expressions of LYZ1 and MUC2 in the CLP group were lower than those in the Sham group. ②Cell experiment: PCR and Western blotting results showed that there was no significant difference in the expression of LGR5 between the LPS group and the blank control group (Lgr5 mRNA: 0.9±0.1 vs. 1.0±0.2, P = 0.33; LGR5/β-actin: 0.71±0.18 vs. 0.69±0.04, P = 0.81). The proliferation rate of IEC6 cells in the LPS group was lower than that in the blank control group, but there was no significant difference [positivity rate of EdU: (40.5±3.8)% vs. (46.5±3.6)%, P = 0.11]. The mRNA (0.5±0.1 vs. 1.0±0.2, P < 0.01) and protein (U/g: 15.0±4.0 vs. 41.2±10.4, P < 0.01) of IAP in the LPS group were lower than those in the blank control group. Conclusion:CLP-induced sepsis inhibits the proliferation and differentiation of intestinal epithelial cells, impairing the self-renewal ability of intestinal epithelium.

Objective:To investigate the value of myocardium scar area in predicting adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM).Methods:The first part of this study was a retrospective study. Patients diagnosed with ICM and undergoing CABG surgery at Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University from January 2017 to December 2022 were enrolled as the discovery cohort. All patients underwent cardiac magnetic resonance-late gadolinium enhancement (CMR-LGE) before surgery. According to the occurrence of postoperative MACEs, the patients were divided into MACEs group and MACEs-free group. Preoperative clinical and imaging data, intraoperative and postoperative data were collected and compared between the two groups. The primary endpoint was postoperative MACEs. Univariate and multifactor regression analyses were used to analyze the risk factors for MACEs. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed to evaluate the predictive efficacy and optimal cut-off value of myocardial scar area for endpoint events. The second part of this study was a prospective study. Patients with ICM who received CABG at Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University from January 2023 to June 2023 were enrolled as a validation cohort, and were divided into MACEs group and MACEs-free group according to whether MACEs occurred after surgery. Preoperative clinical and imaging data, intraoperative and postoperative data were collected and compared between the two groups. Verify the reliability of the cut-off value obtained by ROC curve in the validation cohort.Results:A total of 120 patients with ICM (30 patients in MACEs group and 90 patients in MACEs-free group), aged (61.6±8.7) years, including 93 males, were included in the discovery cohort. A total of 22 ICM patients (5 patients in MACEs group and 17 patients in MACEs-free group), aged (59.5±8.2) years, including 18 males, were included in the validation cohort. Multivariate Cox regression showed that myocardial scar area ( HR=1.258, 95% CI 1.096-1.444, P=0.001) was an independent risk factor for the primary endpoint event. The area under ROC curve of myocardial scar area for predicting postoperative MACEs was 0.90 (95% CI 0.83-0.95), and myocardial scar area≥36.0% was the optimal cut-off value for predicting postoperative MACEs, and its sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were 96.7%, 72.2% and 78.3%, respectively. In the validation cohort, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of myocardial scar area in predicting postoperative MACEs in patients with ICM after CABG were 80.0%, 82.4% and 81.8%, respectively. Conclusion:Myocardial scar area is an independent risk factor for MACEs after CABG in patients with ICM, and myocardial scar area≥36.0% is the optimal cut-off value for predicting MACEs after CABG. Myocardial scar area can help to identify patients at high risk of surgery and provide a basis for risk stratification of patients.

Objective:To elucidate the spatial distribution patterns of the right hepatic vein by analyzing the image information obtained after CT three-dimension reconstruction of liver to provide guidance in surgical planning of anatomical hepatectomy.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of 77 subjects who underwent CT examination of the liver at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University from September 2018 to October 2021. There were 42 males and 35 females, aged (50.2±12.8) years old. CT DICOM data of the patients were collected, and the two-dimensional image data were reconstructed into a three-dimensional model by using the 3D reconstruction software. The characteristics and typing were studied by analyzing the number of branches of the right hepatic vein and the spatial location of the main trunk.Results:Of 77 subjects, 645 branches of the right hepatic vein were observed in the liver CT 3D reconstruction model, including 268 (41.6%) right-sided branches, 240 (37.2%) dorsal branches, 70 (10.9%) left-sided branches, and 67 (10.3%) ventral branches. Each right hepatic vein possessed 3 (3, 4) right-sided branches, 3 (3, 4) dorsal branches, 1 (0, 1) left-sided branch, and 1 (0, 1) ventral branch. The numbers of branches in the four directions were significantly different ( H=175.89, P<0.001). Comparison showed that the number of right-sided branches was significantly more than that of the left-sided (χ 2=136.86) and ventral (χ 2=140.07), respectively. The number of dorsal branches was more than that of left-sided (χ 2=-123.36) and ventral (χ 2=126.57) branches, respectively. The differences were significant ( P<0.001). There were no significant differences between the number of ventral and left-sided branches, and between the dorsal and right-sided branches (all P>0.05). Conclusion:The right hepatic vein had fewer ventral and left-sided branches. It is relatively safe to dissect the right hepatic vein from the ventral or the left side during surgery. For resection of the central liver segments or segment VIII of the liver, it is reasonable to transect the liver along the left border of the right hepatic vein.

Objective : To explore the association of time in range(TIR) and glucose management indicator ( GMI) with the risk of type 2 diabetic nephropathy (DN) ． Methods : The clinical data of 215 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were collected and analyzed．According to the results of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urinary albumin to creatinine ratio( UACR) ，they were divided into 117 patients with T2DM and 98 patients with DN．The clinical data，biochemical indicators and continuous glucose monitoring ( CGM) indicators of the two groups were compared．Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of DN risk．The predictive value of TIR and GMI on the risk of DN was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results: There were significant differences in age，duration of diabetes，systolic blood pressure，glycosylated hemoglobin ( HbA1c) ，fasting plasma glucose (FPG) ，2 hour postprandial plasma glucose (2hPG) ，creatinine( Cr) ，UACR, eGFR between the two groups(P＜0. 05) ．There were statistically significant differences between the two groups in the CGM indexes of GMI，mean absolute difference of mean of daily differences ( MODD) ，glucose above target range time(TAR) and TIR(P＜0. 05) ．The results of logistic regression analysis showed that TIR was a protective factor of DN．In the ROC curve analysis of TIR prediction DN，the area under the ROC curve was 0. 718 (95% CI = 0. 648 ～0. 789，P＜0. 001) ，and the Yoden index was 0. 38．At this time，the sensitivity was 66. 7% ，and the specificity was 71. 3%．In the ROC curve analysis of GMI prediction DN，the area under the ROC curve was 0. 701 (95% CI = 0. 629 ～0. 774，P＜0. 001) ，and the Yoden index was 0. 368．At this time，the sensitivity was 63. 3% ， and the specificity was 73. 5%． Conclusion Specifically，lower TIR and higher GMI increase the risk of DN.

Objective:To understand the reported incidence level, change of the trend, epidemic characteristics and spatial clustering of scrub typhus in Nanjing, to explore key seasons, populations and areas for prevention and control, and to guide formulation of scientific and precise prevention and control strategies and measures.Methods:The reported data of scrub typhus in Nanjing from January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2020 were collected in the "Infectious Disease Surveillance System" from Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. The reported incidence level and change of the trend were analyzed, and the seasonal, population and spatial distribution characteristics were described. Global spatial autocorrelation analysis was carried out by ArcGIS 10.3 software, and the spatial clustering scanning was carried out by using FleXScan 3.1.2 software.Results:A total of 192 cases of scrub typhus were reported in Nanjing from 2011 to 2020. Median annual reported incidence was 0.21/100 000 (0.12/100 000 - 0.49/100 000). Totally 87.5% (168/192) of cases were reported from October to November, and the peak occurred in November (57.8%, 111/192). Among these cases, males accounted for 64.1% (123/192); and the median age was 59 years old (6 - 84 years old). The groups ≥60 years old and 45 - 59 years old accounted for 47.9% (92/192) and 31.2% (60/192), respectively, which accounted for 79.2% (152/192) in all groups. Farmers accounted for 43.8% (84/192), household chores and unemployed people accounted for 16.7% (32/192), retired persons accounted for 15.6% (30/192) and workers accounted for 6.8% (13/192), which accounted for 82.8% (159/192) in all occupations. The top four areas in the total number of reported cases were Jiangning District (23.4%, 45/192), Luhe District (22.9%, 44/192), Gulou District (10.4%, 20/192) and Jiangbei New Area (8.9%, 17/192), which accounted for 65.6% (126/192) in all districts. According to global spatial autocorrelation analysis, Moran's I = 0.34 ( Z = 5.90, P < 0.001). FlexScan 3.1.2 software scanned and detected two spatial clusters areas, the first-class of cluster area covered three streets in Jiangning District, one street in Yuhuatai District and two streets in Pukou District [restricted log likelihood ratio ( RLLR) = 26.91, P < 0.001]. The second-class of cluster area included six townships/streets in Luhe District and four streets in Jiangbei New Area ( RLLR = 26.48, P < 0.001). All the cluster areas were agriculture-related. Conclusions:The reported incidence level of scrub typhus in Nanjing is low and stable which belongs to a typical autumn epidemic area. The middle-aged and elderly population is the key population and the agriculture-related area is key area. It is suggested that scrub typhus should be included in the management of statutory or regional key infectious diseases in Nanjing. Additionally, training on diagnosis and treatment technology and information report management of scrub typhus need to be carried out, and comprehensive prevention and control interventions such as health education, personal protection, rodent prevention and control and vector control should be strengthened and implemented in the high incidence season.

OBJECTIVES: Root canal therapy is the most effective and common method for pulpitis and periapical periodontitis. During the root canal preparation, chemical irrigation plays a key role. However, sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), the widely used irrigation fluid, may impact the bonding strength between dentin and restorative material meanwhile sterilization and dissolving. Therefore, it's important to explore the influence of NaOCl on the adhesion between dentin and restoration materials to ensure clinical efficacy. This study aims to explore the effect of NaOCl on dentine adhesion and evaluate the effect of dentine adhesion induced by sodium erythorbate (ERY), and to provide clinical guidance on dentin bonding after root canal therapy. METHODS: Seventy freshly complete extracted human third molars aged 18-33 years old, without caries and restorations were selected. A diamond saw was used under running water to achieve dentine fragments which were divided into 10 groups with 14 fragments in each group: 2 control [deionized water (DW)±10% ERY] and 8 experimental groups (0.5%, 1%, 2.5%, and 5.25% NaOCl±10% ERY). The dentine specimens in the control group (treated with DW) and the experimental groups (treated with 0.5% NaOCl, 1% NaOCl, 2.5% NaOCl, and 5.25% NaOCl) were immersed for 20 min using corresponding solutions which were renewed every 5 min. The other 5 groups were immersed in 10% ERY for 5 min after an initial washing with DW for 1 min. Then, we selected 4 dentine fragments from all 14 fragments in each group and the numbers and diameters of opening dentinal tubules were observed under scanning electron microscope (SEM). The other 10 dentine fragments from each group were used to make adhesive samples by using self-etch adhesive wand composite resin. All the above adhesive samples were sectioned perpendicular to the bonded interface into 20 slabs with a cross-sectional area of 1 mm×1 mm using a diamond saw under the cooling water, and then the morphology of 10 slabs in each group's bonding interface was observed from aspects of formation of resin tags, depth of tags in dentin, and formation of hybrid layer under SEM. The other 10 slabs of each group's microtensile bond strength and failure modes were also analyzed. RESULTS: Among the 0.5% NaOCl, 1% NaOCl, 2.5% NaOCl, and 5.25% NaOCl groups, the number and diameter of patent dentinal tubules gradually increased with the rise of concentration of NaOCl solution (all P<0.05). Among the DW, 0.5% NaOCl, 1% NaOCl, 2.5% NaOCl, and 5.25% NaOCl groups, the number and diameter of patent dentinal tubules increased after using ERY, but without significant difference (all P>0.05). Among the DW, 0.5% NaOCl, 1% NaOCl, and 2.5% NaOCl groups, the scores of formation of resin tags under SEM gradually increased with the increase of concentration of NaOCl solution, while the score in the 5.25% NaOCl group decreased significantly compared with the score of the 2.5% NaOCl group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between using 10% ERY groups and without using 10% ERY groups (all P>0.05). The scores of length of the tags under SEM in the 5.25% NaOCl group was significantly higher than the scores of DW, 0.5% NaOCl, and 1% NaOCl groups (all P<0.05), and it was also higher than the score of the 2.5% NaOCl group, but without significant difference (P>0.05). There was no significant difference between using 10% ERY groups and without using 10% ERY groups (P>0.05). The scores of formation of hybrid layer under SEM in the 2.5% NaOCl and 5.25% NaOCl groups significantly decreased compared with the score of the DW group (all P<0.05). There were significant differences between the 2.5% NaOCl±10% ERY groups and between the 5.25% NaOCl±10% ERY groups (all P<0.05). Microtensile bond strength was greater in the 0.5% NaOCl, 1% NaOCl, and 2.5% NaOCl groups, but lower in the 5.25% NaOCl group than that in the DW group (all P<0.05). There were significant differences between the 2.5% NaOCl±10% ERY groups and between the 5.25% NaOCl±10% ERY groups (all P<0.05). The incidence of type "Adhesive" of failure modes in the 5.25% NaOCl group was significantly higher than that in other groups (all P<0.05), while the incidence of type "Adhesive" in the 5.25% NaOCl+10% ERY group was lower than that in the 5.25% NaOCl group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The bonding strength to dentine increases with the increase of NaOCl concentration when the concentration lower than 2.5%; whereas it is decreased at a higher concentration (such as 5.25%). 10% ERY has a definite recovery effect on attenuated bonding strength to 5.25% NaOCl-treated dentine.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Ascorbic Acid ; Dental Bonding ; Dentin ; Dentin-Bonding Agents/pharmacology* ; Diamond/pharmacology* ; Humans ; Materials Testing ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Resin Cements/pharmacology* ; Sodium Hypochlorite/pharmacology* ; Tensile Strength ; Water/pharmacology* ; Young Adult

【Objective】 To summarize a rapid and effective method to eliminate autoantibodies interference with blood group identification and evaluate its treatment effect. 【Methods】 Blood samples with suspicious results in initial blood group identification were collected, and those caused by autoantibodies were chosen, and their red blood cells were washed, dispersed or treated with sulfhydryl reagent. After allogeneic or autologous absorption of plasma, blood groups of those patients were re-detected to evaluate the effectiveness of the above method. 【Results】 Among 39 patients presenting suspicious ABO blood group, 9 were interfered by autoantibodies. After appropriate treatment, the ABO/RhD blood group of those patients could be identified. 【Conclusion】 Autoantibodies could interfere the identification of ABO/RhD blood group, and the efficiency and accuracy of blood group identification could be improved by analyzing the test results and selecting appropriate treatment methods.

Objective:To evaluate the pedicled bridge transplantation with medial leg skin flap and medial hemi-soleus muscle flap for the treatment of soft tissue defects at the contrallateral leg.Methods:Between January of 2012 and January of 2016, 8 patients with soft tissue defects at the leg were treated at Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hand and Foot Surgery Hospital of Lanzhou. They were 5 men and 3 women, aged from 19 to 50 years (mean, 35 years). All of them were treated by bridge transplantation with medial leg skin flap and medial hemi-soleus muscle flap pedicled with posterior tibial artery. The size of the defects ranged from 10 cm×9 cm to 13 cm×8 cm. The immediate coverage of the muscle flaps and vessel pedicle was repaired by a meshed split-thickness skin graft. The donor site was closed directly. The therapeutic efficacy was assessed at the final follow-up according to the criteria by Iowa for tibial fractures.Results:All the skin flaps and muscle flaps survived without any vascular crisis. One case developed necrosis of small skin graft at the distal muscle flap which spontaneously healed after dressing change for 2 weeks. Their follow-up ranged from 2.5 to 4.5 years (mean, 3.8 years). A good contour was confirmed at the recipient area. By the Iowa criteria at the final follow-up, 3 cases were excellent, 4 good and one fair.Conclusion:Pedicled bridge transplantation with medial leg skin flap and medial hemi-soleus muscle flap is a good treatment for soft tissue defects at the contrallateral leg which has only one major blood vessel, reducing damage to the donor site.

Objective To analyze theoretical frameworks, definitions, terminology and measurements of disability using International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), and United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD), to provide a scientific basis for developing definition, classification and measurements to meet international standards.Methods Content analysis had been conducted for the definitions and measurements of disability issued by international organizations using the ICF terminology and code and the definitions of disability and people with disability by CRPD.Results The core concepts and content had been reviewed using the ICF terminology and code, and the definitions of disability and people with disability by CRPD. The contents of definitions of disability proposed by international organizations cover all components of ICF. The contents of standardized disability measurements issued by United Nations or World Health Organization cover all components of ICF and map to CRPD definitions of disability and people with disability as the framework, classification, terminology and coding system had been adopted for the development.Conclusion The definition and measurements had been developed using ICF and CRPD framework, terminology, and coding system of disability. The framework and standard of disability had been constructed. The standard of disability data will implement in the fields of health, rehabilitation, education, employment, community and social services for people with disability to promote data exchange across sectors.