To investigate the therapeutic effects of ZLY16, a novel peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) β agonist, on Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), C57BL/10ScSnJGpt-Dmdem3Cd4/Gpt (mdx) mice were gavaged with 30 mg/kg ZLY16 for 6 weeks. Expression of proteins associated with muscle regeneration, exercise ability, blood lipids content and skeletal muscle damage in mdx mice were investigated by behavioral experiments, histopathology, blood biochemical analysis, immunofluorescence and Western blot. A high-fat-induced myoblast differentiation inhibition model was established to examine lipid content and myoblast differentiation-related protein expression in myoblasts using Nile Red staining, immunofluorescence and Western blot. The results demonstrated that ZLY16 increased muscle grip strength, reduced triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) levels, attenuated muscle fiber necrosis, fibrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration, and promoted muscle regeneration in mdx mice. ZLY16 promoted myoblast differentiation and myotube fusion in vitro by reducing lipid accumulation in murine skeletal muscle myoblast line (C2C12) cells. These findings suggest that ZLY16 improves motor function in mdx mice by decreasing lipid accumulation and promoting muscle regeneration.

On September 26,2024,the World Federation of Chinese Medicine Societies(WFCMS)officially released the International Guideline for Clinical Practice of Chinese Medicine:Allergic Rhinitis(Standard No.SCM 80-2024).This guideline establishes a standardized framework of integrated Chinese and western medicine for the diagnosis and treatment of allergic rhinitis(AR).The guideline covers Chinese and western medicine diagnosis criteria for allergic rhinitis,and Chinese medicine internal treatment(prescription medicine and proprietary Chinese medicine),external treatment(acupuncture,acupressure,etc.),constitution identification and management strategy,preventive care program,clinical efficacy evaluation system,and core outcome sets(COS).The article outlines the background of this guideline and to explain the development of this guideline.This article outlines the background and development process of this guideline,provides a systematic academic interpretation of the core recommendations,and critically examines the advantages and limitations of this guideline.The goal is to support the clinical application and promotion of standardized Chinese medicine protocols for the management of AR around the world.

Acute lateral ankle sprain (ALAS) is one of the most common sport injuries, with high incidence, recurrence and disability rates. Currently, exercise rehabilitation-based non-surgical treatment is the primary management approach for ALAS. However, there remain improper practices such as excessive immobilization or uncontrolled activity, which contribute to recurrent sprains and chronic ankle instability, significantly impairing patients′ athletic function and quality of life. To standardize the non-surgical management of ALAS, improve the cure rates, and reduce the recurrence and disability rates, Chinese Sports Rehabilitation Medicine Training Project of Chinese Medical Association, Foot and Ankle Basics and Orthopedics Group, Orthopedic Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association, and Sports Medicine Branch of Jiangsu Medical Association organized relevant experts to formulate Expert consensus on non-surgical treatment for acute lateral ankle sprain ( version 2025), following the principles of scientific vigor, practicality, and innovation. Thirteen recommendations were proposed for standardized treatment protocols across different healing phases, aiming to provide references for standard management of ALAS and improve the therapeutic outcomes.

Acute lateral ankle sprain (ALAS) is one of the most common sport injuries, with high incidence, recurrence and disability rates. Currently, exercise rehabilitation-based non-surgical treatment is the primary management approach for ALAS. However, there remain improper practices such as excessive immobilization or uncontrolled activity, which contribute to recurrent sprains and chronic ankle instability, significantly impairing patients′ athletic function and quality of life. To standardize the non-surgical management of ALAS, improve the cure rates, and reduce the recurrence and disability rates, Chinese Sports Rehabilitation Medicine Training Project of Chinese Medical Association, Foot and Ankle Basics and Orthopedics Group, Orthopedic Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association, and Sports Medicine Branch of Jiangsu Medical Association organized relevant experts to formulate Expert consensus on non-surgical treatment for acute lateral ankle sprain ( version 2025), following the principles of scientific vigor, practicality, and innovation. Thirteen recommendations were proposed for standardized treatment protocols across different healing phases, aiming to provide references for standard management of ALAS and improve the therapeutic outcomes.

Objective To induce an NLRP3-/- mouse model of ulcerative colitis(UC)using different concentrations of dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)and different administration times,and to analyze and evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of the preparations to provide a more suitable animal model for the study of UC pathogenesis in humans and the development of therapeutic drugs.Methods Forty-eight male NLRP3-/- specific-pathogen-free mice were divided randomly into blank,2.5％7 d,3％7 d,and 3％5 d groups(n=12 mice per group).UC mouse models were induced using combinations of different concentrations and administration times of DSS.Body weight,DAI(disease activity index)score,hematoxylin and eosin(HE)staining,colon length,and related indicators(interleukin IL-6,tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α,and tight junction protein(ZO-1))were observed and evaluated.Results(1)UC membrane type was induced in each group with different concentrations and administration times.(2)Mouse body weight decreased,the fecal occult blood became more positive,the DAI score increased,and more mice died with increasing DSS concentration and administration time.(3)Longer administration time and higher concentration of DSS were also associated with more severe damage to the intestinal mucosa,as shown by HE staining.(4)Immunohistochemistry showed that the inflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-6 were increased in the model group compared with the blank control group,while expression of ZO-1 was decreased compared with the blank group.Conclusions(1)Administration of 2.5％or 3％DSS for 7 days or 3％DSS for 5 days can induce UC in NLRP3-/- mice.(2)The combination of DAI score,HE staining,the detection of related indicators,and mouse survival rate indicated that NLRP3-/- mice treated with 3％DSS for 5 days produced the most suitable UC model to study the clinical manifestations and drug treatment of UC.

Objective:To investigate the short-term effect of Helicobacter pylori ( HP) eradication on intraoperative bleeding during endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for early gastric cancer. Methods:Patients who underwent ESD for early gastric cancer in Shanghai East Hospital from September 2021 to September 2023 were retrospectively analyzed for endoscopic, pathological and clinical data. The patients with current HP infection were included in the current infection group, and those who underwent eradication therapy within 10 weeks and successfully eradicated were included in the short-term after eradication group. The occurrence of intraoperative bleeding was compared. Results:A total of 345 patients were analyzed, with 156 in the current infection group and 189 in the short-term after eradication group. Compared with the current infection group, short-term after eradication group was effective in reducing the intraoperative bleeding rate [6.3% (12/189) VS 12.8% (20/156), χ2 =4.253, P=0.039] and significantly reduced the duration of operation (29±9 min VS 38±14 min, t=2.667, P=0.008). Intraoperative bleeding was significantly reduced in short-term after eradication group in lesions of the upper 1/3 of the stomach [12.5% (5/40) VS 32.1% (9/28), χ2 =3.887, P=0.049], while there were no significant differences in intraoperative bleeding between the current infection group and the short-term after eradication group in lesions of the middle 1/3 [5.4% (2/37) VS 10.0% (3/30), χ2 =0.506, P=0.477] and lower 1/3 [4.5% (5/112) VS 8.2% (8/98), χ2 =1.231, P=0.267] of the stomach. Conclusion:HP eradication therapy can effectively reduce intraoperative bleeding in ESD and significantly reduce the duration of operation in a short-term. For individuals with early gastric cancer and HP infection, undergoing eradication therapy before ESD is recommended, particularly for lesions situated in the upper 1/3 of the stomach.

Objective:To investigate the risk factors and their warning effectiveness for postoperative intestinal barrier dysfunction (IBD) in patients with severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI).Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of 101 patients with sTBI admitted to Wuxi Branch of Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University from May 2020 to February 2023, including 63 males and 38 females, aged 21-81 years [(53.4±14.2)years]. All the patients underwent emergency surgery. The patients were divided into IBD group ( n=67) and non-IBD group ( n=34) according to whether or not they had IBD after surgery. The gender, age, basic diseases (hypertension and diabetes), types of intracranial hematoma (subdural, epidural, and intracerebral hematoma), preoperative Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), cerebral hernia, intraoperative initial intracranial pressure (iICP), operation time, removal of bone flap, treatment time in ICU, initiation time of enteral nutrition, and use of broad-spectrum antibiotics were recorded in the two groups. Univariate and multivariate binary Logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess the correlations between above-mentioned indicators and incidence of postoperative IBD in sTBI patients and determine the independent risk factors for sTBI. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and area under the curve (AUC) were used to evaluate the warning effectiveness of each risk factor for IBD. Results:The results of the univariate analysis showed that preoperative GCS, cerebral hernia, intraoperative iICP, removal of bone flap, treatment time in ICU, initiation time of enteral nutrition, and use of broad-spectrum antibiotics were significantly correlated with the incidence of IBD in sTBI patients ( P<0.05 or 0.01), while there were no correlations of IBD with gender, age, basic diseases, types of intracranial hematoma and operation time ( P>0.05). The results of the multivariate binary Logistic regression analysis showed that preoperative GCS≤5 points ( OR=2.49, 95% CI 1.17, 5.32, P<0.05), intraoperative iICP>23 mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa)( OR=1.20, 95% CI 1.03, 1.39, P<0.05), and initiation time of enteral nutrition>24 hours ( OR=10.03, 95% CI 1.26, 80.21, P<0.05) were highly correlated with postoperative IBD in sTBI patients. The results of the ROC curve analysis showed that intraoperative iICP had the highest warning value (AUC=0.91, 95% CI 0.85, 0.96), followed by preoperative GCS (AUC=0.88, 95% CI 0.82, 0.95), and initiation time of enteral nutrition had the lowest warning value (AUC=0.78, 95% CI 0.69, 0.87). Conclusions:Preoperative GCS≤5 points, intraoperative iICP>23 mmHg, and initiation time of enteral nutrition>24 hours are independent risk factors for postoperative IBD in sTBI patients. The warning value of intraoperative iICP ranks the highest for postoperative IBD in sTBI patients, followed by preoperative GCS, with initiation time of enteral nutrition having the lowest warning value.

Total glucosides of Rhizoma Smilacis Glabrae (RSG) are selective immunosuppressants that exhibit primary efficacy in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis through targeted inhibition of activated T cells. In this study, we aimed to investigate the potential application of RSG in the treatment of psoriasis and elucidate its mechanism of action and material basis. Our findings revealed significant improvements upon administration of RSG in an imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasis model. These improvements were characterized by a remarkable increase in the number of tail scales in mice and a substantial amelioration of skin erythema, ulceration, and flaking. By transcriptome sequencing and T-cell flow sorting assay, we identified notable effects of RSG on the modulation of various cellular processes. Specifically, RSG prominently down-regulated the Th17/Treg ratio in damaged skin tissues and reduced the proportion of G₂ phase cells. Furthermore, RSG exhibited a stimulatory effect on the proliferation and differentiation of epithelial cells. Of particular interest, we discovered that β-sitosterol, sitostenone, stigmasterol, smiglanin, and cinchonain Ib displayed potent inhibitory effects on the IL-17-mediated inflammatory response in HaCaT cells. In summary, our study highlights the therapeutic potential of RSG in the treatment of psoriasis, attributed to its ability to regulate the Th17/Treg balance. These findings contribute to the development of new indications for RSG and provide a solid theoretical foundation for further exploration in this field.
Animals ; Mice ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory ; Psoriasis/drug therapy* ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; Biological Assay ; Glucosides/pharmacology*

ObjectiveTo establish a more accurate and sensitive liquid chromatography-ultraviolet (LC-UV) method for the determination of uric acid in rat serum, and compare the results with those of commercial kits, providing a new method for the accurate determination of uric acid in the rat hyperuricemia model induced by potassium oxonate.Methods A hyperuricemia model was established by intraperitoneal injection of potassium oxonate (300 mg/kg) into SPF-grade male SD rats, and the control group was administered an equal amount of 0.5% sodium carboxymethylcellulose solution. Blood samples were collected from the posterior orbital venous plexus and centrifuged to obtain serum samples. After precipitation with 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid-acetonitrile (containing the internal standard 3,4-dihydroxybenzylamine hydrobromide), the supernatant was injected for analysis. Uric acid was separated on a Waters XBridge HILIC column (150 mm×4.6 mm, 3.5 μm) using acetonitrile (containing 0.5% formic acid and 2 mmol/mL ammonium formate) as the organic phase and methanol solution (methanol∶water=1∶1, containing 0.5% formic acid with 2 mmol/L ammonium formate) as the aqueous phase for isocratic elution and detection at 290 nm. Serum samples treated with activated carbon were used as substitute matrices for the methodological verification. Serum uric acid levels in rats with potassium oxonate-induced hyperuricemia were measured using the established LC-UV method and commercially available kits (uricase and phosphotungstic acid methods), and the accuracies of the three methods were compared.Results Serum uric acid showed a good linear relationship (R>0.999) at mass concentration of 10–200 μg/mL in rats, the lower limit of quantification was 10 μg/mL, the accuracy ranged from -2.17% to 2.21%, the intra-batch precision ranged from 0.52% to 1.95%, the inter-batch precision ranged from 3.04% to 4.90%, and the extraction recovery ranged from 83.12% to 89.91%. In the rat model, the results obtained using the commercially available phosphotungstic acid method kit were significantly higher than those of the LC-UV method, and those obtained using the commercially available uricase method kit were significantly lower than those of the LC-UV method, but the LC-UV method showed the best recovery of the spiked sample (95.90%–99.96%).ConclusionThe LC-UV method developed in this study can determine the concentration of uric acid in rat serum with higher accuracy than commercially available kits and is recommended for the determination of serum uric acid in the rat model of hyperuricemia induced by potassium oxonate.

To investigate the effects of streptavidin and dimethylsilicone oil on the detection rate of microscopic lesions under gastroscopy, a total of 353 patients who underwent painless gastroscopy were categorized into the experimental group (given streptavidin combined with sodium bicarbonate, n=176) and the control group (given dimethylsilicone oil combined with sodium bicarbonate, n=177). Clinical indexes such as visual field clarity, examination duration, number of rinses, detection rate of micro lesions, early cancer detection rate and incidence of adverse reactions were recorded in the gastroscopy examination of the two groups. The experimental and control groups were compared in terms of visual field clarity (1.84±0.51 points VS 2.15±0.48 points, t=-5.900), fundus mucus properties (1.04±0.43 points VS 1.46±0.76 points, t=-6.347) and number of rinses (0.76±0.66 times VS 1.18±0.72 times, t=-5.628) with significant differences ( P<0.001). The examination time in the experimental group was slightly higher than that in the control group (10.01±4.40 min VS 8.98±4.22 min, t=2.239, P=0.026). The detection rate of microscopic lesions was significantly higher in the experimental group than that in the control group [97.73%(172/176) VS 91.53%(162/177), χ2=6.665, P=0.010]. There was no significant difference in the detection rate of inflammatory hyperplasia, polyps, precancerous lesions or cancer between the experimental group and the control group ( P>0.05). There was no preoperative drinking discomfort in either group, and 4 cases of intraoperative choking occurred in each of the experimental and the control group with no significant difference ( P>0.999). No postoperative adverse reaction occurred in either group. Taking streptavidin before operation could significantly improve visual field clarity and the detection rate of microscopic lesions, which helps to detect early lesions in stomach.