To investigate the therapeutic effects of ZLY16, a novel peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) β agonist, on Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), C57BL/10ScSnJGpt-Dmdem3Cd4/Gpt (mdx) mice were gavaged with 30 mg/kg ZLY16 for 6 weeks. Expression of proteins associated with muscle regeneration, exercise ability, blood lipids content and skeletal muscle damage in mdx mice were investigated by behavioral experiments, histopathology, blood biochemical analysis, immunofluorescence and Western blot. A high-fat-induced myoblast differentiation inhibition model was established to examine lipid content and myoblast differentiation-related protein expression in myoblasts using Nile Red staining, immunofluorescence and Western blot. The results demonstrated that ZLY16 increased muscle grip strength, reduced triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) levels, attenuated muscle fiber necrosis, fibrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration, and promoted muscle regeneration in mdx mice. ZLY16 promoted myoblast differentiation and myotube fusion in vitro by reducing lipid accumulation in murine skeletal muscle myoblast line (C2C12) cells. These findings suggest that ZLY16 improves motor function in mdx mice by decreasing lipid accumulation and promoting muscle regeneration.

Objective:To evaluate the feasibility, accuracy, effectiveness and safety of a novel manual placement of cervical 7 pedicle screws via the posterior approach of cervicothoracic junction.Methods:A retrospective case series study was conducted to analyze the 35 patients with injury to the lower cervical spine or cervicothoracic junction who had been treated by a novel manual placement of cervical 7 pedicle screws at Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from March 2015 to July 2021. There were 16 males and 19 females, with an age of (52.7±13.2) years. The core of this placement was to determine the entry point of cervical 7 pedicle screws. After the intersection of the upper edge of the cervical 7 lamina and the medial edge of the superior articular process was recorded as point A while the intersection of the lateral edge of the inferior articular process and the lower edge of the transverse process as point B, the intersection of the outer and middle 1/3 of the AB line was taken as the screw entry point, with the screw placement angle perpendicular to the lamina line or slightly inclined from 30° to 40° to the head side and outward. The length, diameter and placement angle of the cervical 7 pedicle screws were recorded and compared postoperatively between the left and right sides to explore the feasibility of this novel manual placement. According to the Rampersaud method, the screw positions were graded 1 week and 6 months after operation to evaluate the accuracy of this manual placement. The visual analogue scale (VAS) and the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score were compared between preoperation, 1 week and 6 months after operation to evaluate the effectiveness of this placement. The postoperative complications were counted to evaluate the safety of this method. Loosening, displacement and breakage of the screws were observed by CT scanning at 6 months after operation.Results:This case series was followed up for (9.8±1.7) months. There was no significant difference in the length, diameter or placement angle of the screws between the left and right sides ( P>0.05). A total of 66 cervical 7 pedicle screws were placed. There was no change in the screw position grading at 1 week or 6 months after surgery. Grade A was achieved in 64 screws, Grade B in 2 screws, and Grade C or D in none. The VAS scores before operation, 1 week and 6 months after operation were respectively 4.4±1.7, 3.8±1.0 and 1.1±1.1, and the JOA scores respectively 6.7±2.2, 13.2±1.5 and 15.3±1.2. The VAS and JOA scores at 1 week and 6 months after operation were significantly improved compared with the preoperative values ( P<0.05). The improvement rates in JOA at 1 week and 6 months after operation were 62.7%±13.3 % and 83.9%±11.6%, respectively. There were no complications related to the placement of cervical 7 pedicle screws; there was no wound hematoma or infection. No loosening, displacement or breakage of the screws was observed by the 6-month follow-up. Conclusion:The novel manual placement of cervical 7 pedicle screws via the posterior approach of cervicothoracic junction is feasible, accurate, effective and safe.