Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of corticosteroids in male children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), and provide evidence for the rational clinical use of medication.Methods:This was a multicenter medical record series study which conducted from January 15 th to March 14 th, 2025. A total of 53 male children with DMD admitted to the Department of Rehabilitation of Children′s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Children′s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University and Affiliated Children′s Hospital of Soochow University from 2020 to 2024 were enrolled. Clinical data, corticosteroid usage, and the follow-up data were collected. The North star ambulatory assessment (NSAA) was used as the primary efficacy indicator. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) exchangeable working matrices were used for longitudinal analysis, and the least squares mean were used to compare the change trend of the efficacy evaluation index across different medication durations. Results:The age at the initiation of corticosteroid treatment was (6.3±1.9) years. The follow-up duration was 1.2 (0.9, 2.2) years. After treatment, the raw scores and linear scores of NSAA were both significantly higher than those before treatment ((22±7) vs. (19±5) points, (60±16) vs. (53±8) points; t=3.98, 3.69; both P<0.001). The 10 meter running time and time rising from floor were both shorter than those before treatment (6 (4, 8) vs. 7 (6, 9) s, 5 (3, 6) vs. 6 (5, 9) s; Z=2.62, 3.47; both P<0.01). GEE model analysis revealed all nonlinear correlation between motor function (NSAA linear score, 10-meter running velocity, and rising from floor velocity) and the duration of corticosteroid treatment (all P<0.05). Least squares mean comparison all showed that the medication effect first increased and then decreased with duration, reaching the peak at 1.1-2.0 years after treatment (all P<0.05). Conclusions:Corticosteroids can improve the motor function in male children with DMD, with the maximum treatment effect occurring 1 to 2 years after the initiation of treatment. It is necessary to comprehensively leverage time-varying efficacy of corticosteroids to optimize individualized treatment regimens for maximal motor function benefits in children with DMD.

Objective:To explore immunoregulatory function of long non-coding RNA Gm26688 on macrophages RAW264.7,macrophages stimulated by LPS were treated with Chinese giant salamander(CGS)collagen peptides to explore role of Gm26688 in mechanism of CGS collagen peptides in regulating inflammatory reflection.Methods:Gm26688 sequence was cloned by RT-PCR,Gm26688 localization in macrophage was analyzed by RNA-FISH;qRT-PCR was performed to detect expressions of Gm26688 and inflammatory factors after LPS and CGS bone collagen peptides treatment;expression of Gm26688 was silenced by small interfering RNA(siRNA),and qRT-PCR was used to detect effects of LPS and CGS bone collagen peptides on expression of inflammatory factors after Gm26688 interference;Western blot was used to detect protein expression of NF-κB p65 and its phosphorylation level.Results:LPS significantly promoted expression of Gm26688.RT-PCR amplified Gm26688 sequence,and RNA-FISH showed that Gm26688 was mainly expressed in nucleus.CGS bone collagen peptides inhibited expression of Gm26688 induced by LPS,and<3 kD CGS bone collagen peptides had the most significant inhibitory effect on Gm26688.CGS bone collagen peptides(<3 kD)significantly inhibited LPS-induced expressions of inflammatory factors IL-6,TNF-α and IL-1β.Interference of Gm26688 significantly down-regulated expressions of inflammatory factors IL-6 and TNF-α in LPS or LPS+CGS bone collagen peptides-stimulated RAW264.7 cells.Western blot results showed that CGS bone collagen peptides down-regulated level of NF-κB p65 phosphorylation through Gm26688.Conclu-sion:CGS bone collagen peptides inhibit LPS-induced inflammation in RAW264.7 cells via Gm26688/NF-κB pathway.

Objective:To explore immunoregulatory function of long non-coding RNA Gm26688 on macrophages RAW264.7,macrophages stimulated by LPS were treated with Chinese giant salamander(CGS)collagen peptides to explore role of Gm26688 in mechanism of CGS collagen peptides in regulating inflammatory reflection.Methods:Gm26688 sequence was cloned by RT-PCR,Gm26688 localization in macrophage was analyzed by RNA-FISH;qRT-PCR was performed to detect expressions of Gm26688 and inflammatory factors after LPS and CGS bone collagen peptides treatment;expression of Gm26688 was silenced by small interfering RNA(siRNA),and qRT-PCR was used to detect effects of LPS and CGS bone collagen peptides on expression of inflammatory factors after Gm26688 interference;Western blot was used to detect protein expression of NF-κB p65 and its phosphorylation level.Results:LPS significantly promoted expression of Gm26688.RT-PCR amplified Gm26688 sequence,and RNA-FISH showed that Gm26688 was mainly expressed in nucleus.CGS bone collagen peptides inhibited expression of Gm26688 induced by LPS,and<3 kD CGS bone collagen peptides had the most significant inhibitory effect on Gm26688.CGS bone collagen peptides(<3 kD)significantly inhibited LPS-induced expressions of inflammatory factors IL-6,TNF-α and IL-1β.Interference of Gm26688 significantly down-regulated expressions of inflammatory factors IL-6 and TNF-α in LPS or LPS+CGS bone collagen peptides-stimulated RAW264.7 cells.Western blot results showed that CGS bone collagen peptides down-regulated level of NF-κB p65 phosphorylation through Gm26688.Conclu-sion:CGS bone collagen peptides inhibit LPS-induced inflammation in RAW264.7 cells via Gm26688/NF-κB pathway.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of corticosteroids in male children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), and provide evidence for the rational clinical use of medication.Methods:This was a multicenter medical record series study which conducted from January 15 th to March 14 th, 2025. A total of 53 male children with DMD admitted to the Department of Rehabilitation of Children′s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Children′s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University and Affiliated Children′s Hospital of Soochow University from 2020 to 2024 were enrolled. Clinical data, corticosteroid usage, and the follow-up data were collected. The North star ambulatory assessment (NSAA) was used as the primary efficacy indicator. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) exchangeable working matrices were used for longitudinal analysis, and the least squares mean were used to compare the change trend of the efficacy evaluation index across different medication durations. Results:The age at the initiation of corticosteroid treatment was (6.3±1.9) years. The follow-up duration was 1.2 (0.9, 2.2) years. After treatment, the raw scores and linear scores of NSAA were both significantly higher than those before treatment ((22±7) vs. (19±5) points, (60±16) vs. (53±8) points; t=3.98, 3.69; both P<0.001). The 10 meter running time and time rising from floor were both shorter than those before treatment (6 (4, 8) vs. 7 (6, 9) s, 5 (3, 6) vs. 6 (5, 9) s; Z=2.62, 3.47; both P<0.01). GEE model analysis revealed all nonlinear correlation between motor function (NSAA linear score, 10-meter running velocity, and rising from floor velocity) and the duration of corticosteroid treatment (all P<0.05). Least squares mean comparison all showed that the medication effect first increased and then decreased with duration, reaching the peak at 1.1-2.0 years after treatment (all P<0.05). Conclusions:Corticosteroids can improve the motor function in male children with DMD, with the maximum treatment effect occurring 1 to 2 years after the initiation of treatment. It is necessary to comprehensively leverage time-varying efficacy of corticosteroids to optimize individualized treatment regimens for maximal motor function benefits in children with DMD.

Drug-induced autoimmune-like hepatitis(DI-ALH)is a special clinical phenotype of drug-induced liver injury and has similar clinical features and laboratory test results to autoimmune hepatitis,and it is often difficult to distinguish them through liver biopsy.Therefore,correct differential diagnosis DI-ALH and autoimmune hepatitis is a crucial and difficult point in clinical practice.This article analyzes the research advances in the pathogenesis,clinical features,diagnosis and treatment,and prognosis of DI-ALH,in order to provide ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of such diseases among clinicians.

Balloon-assisted enteroscopy(BAE)technology includes double-balloon enteroscopy(DBE)and single-balloon enteroscopy(SBE),and plays a significant role in the diagnosis and treatment of small intestinal diseases such as small intestinal bleeding,Crohn's disease,small intestinal tumors,and incomplete small intestinal obstruction.With technological advancements,BAE has not only improved diagnostic rates but also achieved minimally invasive treatment.Its safety and efficacy have been widely recognized,and it is expected to play a broader role in the diagnosis and treatment of small intestinal diseases in the future.

Balloon-assisted enteroscopy(BAE)technology includes double-balloon enteroscopy(DBE)and single-balloon enteroscopy(SBE),and plays a significant role in the diagnosis and treatment of small intestinal diseases such as small intestinal bleeding,Crohn's disease,small intestinal tumors,and incomplete small intestinal obstruction.With technological advancements,BAE has not only improved diagnostic rates but also achieved minimally invasive treatment.Its safety and efficacy have been widely recognized,and it is expected to play a broader role in the diagnosis and treatment of small intestinal diseases in the future.

Objective:By calculating the efficiency of the scientific research laboratory, which reflects the level of the scientific research input and output capacity, provide reference for the evaluation and decision-making of its scientific research sustainable development capacity.Methods:20 scientific research laboratories in a hospital were selected as the research subjects, annual input data were used as the input index. Weighted quantitative scores of the performance of each laboratory in research capacity and contribution, research team construction, discipline development and personnel training, operation management, papers and monographs, patents and transfer, awards, graduate-student training, standards and norms, and academic conferences. All these factors mentioned above were used as output indicators. Then Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) are used to evaluate the scientific efficiency of each laboratory.Results:The performance of the laboratory is weak in the aspects of patent transfer, awards, standardization. The technical efficiency of laboratory 20 is the lowest, and the scale efficiency of laboratory 12 is the lowest.Conclusions:Scientific Research Laboratories should enhance the effectiveness through input adjustment and output enhancement, meanwhile each laboratory should pay attention to the transformation of scientific achievements and also the optimization of construction system.

Objective:Analyze and discuss the research situation and hot topics of Chinese medical science research management in the past ten years, provide reference for the managers in this field.Methods:Using Excel and CiteSpace to analyze the papers on medical science research management in Wanfang Med Online, information about the journals, institutions, authors, hot topics and frontier related data was analyzed.Results:There are 2176 valid records in total, among which the most was recorded in 2012, these paper were mainly published in the " Chinese Medical Science Research Management" , up to 187, accounting for 8.6% of the total. The institutions of paper publication are ranked in the following order: Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Peking University, Capital Medical University, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital. The authors who have published more articles include Liu Yan, He Youqin, Yan Junxia, Zhang Huanping, Niu Yuhong and so on.Conclusions:Authors within the same institution have close cooperation and there is less cooperation among different institutions. This paper briefly discusses the more researched aspects of medical science research management, evaluation index system, scientific research personnel training, data mining and system design.

Objective:To understand the statistics of SCI papers in hospitals of Shandong Province during 2009 to 2018.Methods:Web of Science was used to analyze the SCI papar information including the Annual publication volume change, source publications, research directions, collaboration institutions, counries and regions, funding institutions, conferences, as well as highly cited papers.Results:In the past ten years, 27 559 articles were published in total and kept increasling year by year, especially in 2011 to 2015 the uplift was about 30%-40%. All these papers were published in more than 2 700 journals. 23% papers were published in top 10 journals, whose Impact Factors were between 1-5. Papers in the field of oncology counted the most for 23.252%. Shandong University ranked NO.1 regarding collaboration instituions for it has many academically well performed affiliated hospitals as well asteaching hospitals. Doctors in Shandong Province cooperated a lot with the United States and other countries. 56.3% papers were financially assisted by various fundings and the National Natural Science Foundation of China predominated the most. 1 331 papers came from international conferences.There were 75 highly cited papers in the past 10 years.Conclusions:The quantity and quality of SCI papers were increased continuingly because of the guidance and promotion of scientific research policies, as well as the hospitals’ investments. It is necessary to emphasize on the high quality of scholar outputs and improve the scientific research management in the future.