Objective To quantitatively assess the association of short-term exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) with residents mortality. Methods A time-stratified case-crossover study was conducted from 2020 to 2022 among 10606 non-accidental residents by using the Guangzhou Cause of Death Surveillance System in Conghua District, Guangzhou. Exposure levels of PAHs in PM_2.5 and meteorological data during the study period were obtained from the Center for Disease Control and Prevention in Conghua District and the China Meteorological Administration Land Data Assimilation System (CLDAS-V2.0), respectively. Conditional Poisson regression model was used to estimate the exposure-response association between PAHs and the mortality risk. Results Fluoranthene, chrysene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, benzo[a]pyrene, and indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene were significantly associated with an increased risk of mortality. For every one interquartile range increase in exposure levels, the non-accidental mortality risks increased by 8.33% (95% CI: 1.80%, 15.27%), 4.67% (95% CI: 1.86%, 7.57%), 6.07% (95% CI: 2.08%, 10.21%), 4.62% (95% CI: 1.85%, 7.47%), and 4.70% (95% CI: 0.53%, 9.03%), respectively. The estimated non accidental deaths attributable to exposure to fluoranthene, chrysene, benzo[k]fluorine, benzo[a]pyrene and indine[1,2,3-cd]pyrene were 5.91%, 6.08%, 6.51%, 6.46%, and 4.21%, respectively. Conclusions Short-term exposure to PAHs in PM_2.5, including fluoranthene, chrysene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, benzo[a]pyrene and indine[1,2,3-cd]pyrene, was significantly associated with an increased risk of mortality among residents.

Background Exposure to air pollutants increases the risk of diseases in multiple systems, including respiratory and cardiovascular systems, yet its association with neurological diseases remains unclear. Objective To quantitatively evaluate the association between short-term exposure to air pollutants and outpatient and emergency visits for neurological diseases, identify potential susceptible populations, and quantify associated disease burden. Methods Daily 24-hour average concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM_2.5), inhalable particulate matter (PM₁₀), sulfur dioxide (SO₂), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), and carbon monoxide (CO), daily maximum 8-hour average concentration of ozone (O₃), daily meteorological data (24-hour average temperature, 24-hour average relative humidity), and data on daily outpatient and emergency department visits for neurological diseases from two hospitals in Conghua District, Guangzhou, China, were collected from 2015 to 2022. A time-stratified case-crossover design was adopted, and a conditional Poisson regression model was constructed to analyze the association between air pollution exposure and neurological disease visits. Two-pollutant models and sensitivity analysis were used to validate model stability. Stratified analyses by season (cold season: from November to March; warm season: from April to October), sex (male, female), and age (≤45 years, 46–60 years, ≥61 years) were performed to identify vulnerable group. Additionally, the number and proportion of neurological disease visits attributable to short-term air pollutant exposure were calculated. Results A total of 72 673 outpatient and emergency department visits for neurological diseases were included during the study period. Most of the patients were middle-aged and elderly individuals (69.89% were over 45 years old) and females (60.25%). The results of single-pollutant models showed that for each interquartile range (IQR) increase in exposure to PM_2.5, PM₁₀, SO₂, NO₂, CO, and O₃, the risk of outpatient and emergency department visits for neurological diseases increased by 7.54% (95%CI: 4.69%, 10.46%), 6.66% (95%CI: 3.92%, 9.46%), 16.72% (95%CI: 10.58%, 23.19%), 8.12% (95%CI: 4.82%, 11.53%), 5.60% (95%CI: 2.34%, 8.97%), and 6.11% (95%CI: 2.91%, 9.40%), respectively. The results of the two-pollutant model showed that the association between PM_2.5 and SO₂ exposure and outpatient and emergency department visits for neurological diseases were relatively stable. The stratified analyses showed that the effect of SO₂ was stronger in the cold season. It was estimated that 8.32% (95%CI: 5.55%, 10.96%) and 6.65% (95%CI: 4.27%, 8.96%) of the outpatient and emergency department visits were attributable to short-term exposure to SO₂ and PM_2.5, respectively. Conclusion Exposure to PM_2.5 and SO₂ is associated with increased risks of outpatient and emergency visits for neurological diseases. SO₂ shows stronger effects during the cold season, and exposure to air pollution contributes to up to 8.32% of neurological disease visits.

The looming stimulus-evoked flight response to approaching predators is a defensive behavior in most animals. However, how looming stimuli are detected in the retina and transmitted to the brain remains unclear. Here, we report that a group of GABAergic retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) projecting to the superior colliculus (SC) transmit looming signals from the retina to the brain, mediating the looming-evoked flight behavior by releasing GABA. GAD2-Cre and vGAT-Cre transgenic mice were used in combination with Cre-activated anterograde or retrograde tracer viruses to map the inputs to specific GABAergic RGC circuits. Optogenetic technology was used to assess the function of SC-projecting GABAergic RGCs (scpgRGCs) in the SC. FDIO-DTA (Flp-dependent Double-Floxed Inverted Open reading frame-Diphtheria toxin) combined with the FLP (Florfenicol, Lincomycin & Prednisolone) approach was used to ablate or silence scpgRGCs. In the mouse retina, GABAergic RGCs project to different brain areas, including the SC. ScpgRGCs are monosynaptically connected to parvalbumin-positive SC neurons known to be required for the looming-evoked flight response. Optogenetic activation of scpgRGCs triggers GABA-mediated inhibition in SC neurons. Ablation or silencing of scpgRGCs compromises looming-evoked flight responses without affecting image-forming functions. Our study reveals that scpgRGCs control the looming-evoked flight response by regulating SC neurons via GABA, providing novel insight into the regulation of innate defensive behaviors.
Animals ; Superior Colliculi/physiology* ; Retinal Ganglion Cells/physiology* ; GABAergic Neurons/physiology* ; Mice, Transgenic ; Mice ; Optogenetics ; Visual Pathways/physiology* ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Photic Stimulation/methods* ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/metabolism* ; Male

Objective:To explore the application effect of scenario simulation training based on forgetting curve in urology robot surgery specialist nurses.Methods:Using the convenient sampling method, a total of 44 robot surgery specialized nurses from the Urology Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University from December 2019 to December 2021 were selected for scenario simulation training based on forgetting curve. Before and after the intervention, the scores of specialized knowledge examination, scores of various nursing operations and the comprehensive quality and ability of nurses were compared.Results:After intervention, the scores of specialized knowledge examination, nursing operation scores and comprehensive quality scores of nurses were higher than those before intervention, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:The application of scenario simulation training based on forgetting curve in urological robot nurses can improve the level of specialized knowledge of nurses, master nursing operations, and improve their comprehensive quality.

【Objective】 To establish a stable human megakaryocytic cell line with low expression of Le^y antigen to further study the role of Le^y on activation of platelets. 【Methods】 The expression level of the Le^y antigen in a human megakaryocytic cell line, DAMI, was determined using Western Blot and flow cytometry. The expression level of genes that encode fucosyltransferase (FUTs), which was involved in the biosynthesis of Le^y antigen, was also determined to identify the candidate genes to be knocked out. The candidate FUT gene was knocked out via a CRISPR/Cas 9 gene knockout system and cells with low Le^y antigen expression were sorted by flow cytometry. The sorted cell line was cultured and characterized. 【Results】 The Le^y was expressed intensively on DAMI cell. FUT1 and FUT4 mRNA was expressed relatively higher, both may be key enzymes for the biosynthesis of the Le^y antigen. In the DAMI cell line with the knockout of FUT1 gene, the expression of the Le^y adntigen was remarkedly reduced, while cell proliferation was not affected compared to the wildtype control cells. 【Conclusions】 Since various FUTs contributes to the biosynthesis of the Le^y antigen, the knockout of the primary one of them cannot totally block its biosynthesis, but only reduce its expression. In this study, a stable FUT gene knockout human megakaryocyticcell line is established using CRISPR/Cas 9 technology, which provides basis for the study of the impact of the Le^y antigen on platelet functions.

Objective:To explore the application effect of multidisciplinary teamwork mode in patients with laparoscopic partial nephrectomy of renal carcinoma.Methods:A total of 86 patients with renal cancer who received laparoscopic partial nephrectomy in Ningbo First Hospital of Zhejiang Province from February to December 2019 were selected by the convenient sampling method. According to admission time, the patients were divided into the control group and the observation group, with 43 cases in each group. The control group implemented urological nursing routines and various measures recommended in the accelerated rehabilitation surgery guidelines, while the observation group adopted a multidisciplinary team collaboration model based on evidence-based nursing on the basis of the control group. The Kolcaba General Comfort Questionnaire (GCQ) and Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) were used to evaluate the comfort and low back pain of the two groups at 1, 3, and 5 days after surgery. Hamilton Anxiety Scale was used to evaluate anxiety of patients in both groups 5 days after surgery, and postoperative rehabilitation indicators (postoperative supine position time, absolute bed time, anal exhaust time, drainage tube indwelling time, postoperative hospital stay) were collected in both groups.Results:The total score of GCQ of observation group was higher than that of control group on 1, 3, and 5 days after operation, and lower back pain score was lower than that of control group. The postoperative anxiety score, postoperative supine position time, absolute bed time, anal exhaust time, drainage tube indwelling time and postoperative hospitalization days in the observation group were lower than those in the control group. There were statistically significant differences between the two groups ( P< 0.05) . There was no postoperative bleeding or deep venous thrombosis (DVT) in the lower limbs of patients of the two groups. Conclusions:The multidisciplinary teamwork model can alleviate the postoperative anxiety of patients with partial nephrectomy, improve their overall comfort, shorten the postoperative hospital stay and promote postoperative recovery.

Objective: To study the intracellular location and autophagosome production of rhinovirus 16 2B protein using miniSOG labeling technique. Methods: 2B was fused with miniSOG and flag tags to construct pcDNA3.1-2B-miniSOG-flag plasmid, which was used to transfect HEK293 cells, LC3 protein was detected by western blot. The transfected cells were fixed, stained with DAB through the photooxidation activity of miniSOG, and used to prepare ultrathin sections. Localization of 2B-miniSOG protein in cells and ultrastructural changes of cells were observed under electron microscope. Results: 2B-miniSOG protein glows green under a fluorescence microscopy. Green flourescence coold be observed in the cells expressing 2B-miniSOG protein.LC-II protein increased in the cells transfected with pcDNA3.1-2B-miniSOG-flag. Under electron microscopy it was observed that 2B-miniSOG protein was located in the mitochondria, and a large number of vesicular structures appeared in the cytoplasm. Both autophagosomes and autophagic lysosomes can be observed. Conclusions Non-structural protein 2B of HRV16 can induce autophagy.

Objective: To explore the research status of rhinovirus (RV) through analysis of rhinovirus literature using GoPubMed. Methods: "Rhinovirus" was used as the major subject word and the rhinovirus literature was collected at PubMed database (from Jan 1, 1970 to April 16, 2018). The high frequency subject words of rhinovirus related literature and the distribution of countries, cities, and journals were analyzed through a bibliometrical analysis method . Results: A total of 5 367 reports were retrieved from PubMed. The quantity of rhinovirus papers increased overall year by year. The highest number of papers were mainly published in developed countries. The highest number of papers on RV were mainly published in J Virol among all journals related with rhinovirus and Tyrrell D published the highest number of papers in all authors contributed to articles on rhinovirus. The rhinovirus, human, virus, respiratory tract infection were the high frequency subject words in the rhinovirus research. Conclusions Rhinovirus research is becoming one of research hotspots according to the statistical analysis of the research literature on rhinoviruses by GoPubMed.

Objective To investigate the risk factors of ICU delirium in critically ill patients. Methods A total of 1 74 critically ill patients in ICU who were older than 18 yrs and stayed in ICU exceeding 24 hs from January 201 5 to June 201 5 were enrolled.Patients were divided into delirium group and non delirium group.Delirium was assessed twice daily with the Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU (CAM-ICU)during the first 7 days.The factors such as history of alcoholism and other 12 factors were analyzed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis to identify those risk factors associated with delirium.Results With 22 cases of delirium in 1 74 patients,the in-cidence of delirium was 12.64% (delirium group).Variables associated with delirium were coronary heart history,operation,tracheal intubation,clinical use of mechanical ventilation,hypoxemia and Benzodiazepine.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that coronary heart disease (OR 3.932,95%CI 1.225-12.61 7),surgery(OR 9.691,95%CI 2.103-44.657),hypoxemia(OR 6.595, 95%CI 1.377-31.585),Benzodiazepine use (OR 7.620,95%CI 1.713-33.899)was independent risk factors of delirium in critically ill patients (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01 ).Conclusion Coronary heart disease,surgery,hypoxemia and Benzodiazepine are independent risk factors of ICU delirium in criti-cally ill patients.Early screening and prevention of delirium should be given to reduce the occurrence of delirium for patients in ICU.

Abstract] Objective To study the roles of IL-12 and IL-23 in the development of protective im-munity and pathological changes during chlamydial urogenital infection.Methods C57BL/6J wild type (wt) mice and mice deficient in IL-12p35 (IL-12p35 KO) or IL-12p40 (IL-12p40 KO)were inoculated in-travaginally with 1×104 IFU of live Chlamydia muridarum ( C.muridarum) organisms.Half mice of each group were reinfected on day 114 after primary infection.Vaginal swabs were taken every 3 or 4 days to mo-nitor live organism shedding.The mice were sacrificed after 114 or 143 days of primary infection and the va-ginal tract and kidney samples were collected for pathological analysis.The numbers of chlamydial inclusion bodies and bacteria in kidney homogenates were titrated after 100 days of primary infection.Results The infection time courses of mice deficient in either IL-12p35 or IL-12p40 were similar after primary infection, but were prolonged as compared with the wild type mice.All mice regardless of genotypes developed severe pathological damages in upper genital tracts with no significant difference among different groups.Almost all IL-12p40 KO mice and some IL-12p35 KO mice showed pathological changes in kidney samples.No obvious abnormality was observed in any of the kidneys from wild type mice.Neither the age-matched IL-12p35 KO nor IL-12p40 KO mice developed any gross pathological changes in kidney in the absence of chlamydial in-fection.C.muridarum inclusions were detected in kidney samples with gross pathological damages from IL-12p35 KO mice and IL-12p40 KO mice.No inclusions were ever detected in kidneys from the wild type mice.The numbers of chlamydial inclusions in the IL-12p40 KO mice were much higher than those of the IL-12p35 KO mice.Live bacteria were detected in mice deficient in either IL-12p35 or IL-12p40, but not in the wild type mice.No significant difference with the number of live bacteria was found between IL-12p35 KO mice and IL-12p40 KO mice.Conclusion IL-12 and IL-23 could inhibit the spread of C.muridarum in-fection from genital tract to kidney.The deficiency of IL-12 or IL-23 might relate to the renal lesions induced by Chlamydia infection.