Urine metabolomics serves as a crucial approach for discovering non-invasive biomarkers.It enables the detection of metabolite variations during disease progression and therapeutic interventions,offering novel insights for early disease diagnosis,prevention,and personalized treatment.Compared to other bodily fluids,urine exhibits dis-tinctive advantages,including ease of collection,metabolite abundance,and the capacity to promptly reflect bio-chemical metabolic pathway alterations in vivo.Strict adherence to standardized protocols for sample collection and preservation is imperative in urine metabolomics research.Nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)and mass spectrom-etry(MS)are primary analytical techniques in urine metabolomics studies.Given the complex composition of urina-ry metabolites,appropriate analytical technologies should be selected based on specific research objectives,the combination of multiple techniques often employed to enhance the comprehensiveness and accuracy of metabolite analysis in samples.This review focuses on major technological advancements in urine metabolomics and their appli-cations in biomarker discovery from cancer screening.