ObjectiveTo identify protein biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets associated with metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease （MAFLD） through an integrative multi-omics analysis. MethodsLarge-scale plasma protein quantitative trait locus data were integrated with MAFLD genome-wide association study data， and a proteome-wide Mendelian randomization analysis was performed. Summary data-based Mendelian Randomization （SMR）/heterogeneity in dependent instruments （HEIDI） test and colocalization analysis were used to assess significant proteins. The independent samples t-test was used for comparison of continuous data with homogeneity of variance between two groups， and the Welch-corrected t-test was used for comparison of continuous data with heterogeneity of variance. The transcriptomic validation results were compared with the Mendelian randomization results to evaluate the changing trends of gene expression， and boxplots were used to display the expression distribution of candidate genes between groups. ResultsAmong 7 130 proteins analyzed， 40 showed a causal relationship with MAFLD， among which 26 increased the risk of MAFLD and 14 exerted a protective effect against MAFLD （FDR<0.05）. Nine proteins were supported by SMR/HEIDI （P_SMR<0.05， P_HEIDI>0.05）， and 14 showed a strong colocalization signal （PPH₄>0.9）. The transcriptomic analysis identified 5 differentially expressed proteins （all P<0.05）， i.e.， adenosine diphosphate-ribosylation factor-like GTPase 2， insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2， casein kinase 1 delta （CSNK1D）， leucine-rich repeat neuronal 1， and moesin （MSN）. In vitro validation showed upregulated expression levels of MSN （1.612±0.346 vs 0.569±0.077， P<0.05）， 14-3-3 protein theta （YWHAQ） （1.267±0.126 vs 0.313±0.029， P<0.05）， and CSNK1D （0.871±0.025 vs 0.431±0.080， P<0.05） and a downregulated expression level of histone deacetylase 8 （0.637±0.059 vs 1.097±0.260， P<0.05） in the MAFLD cell model. Functional annotation showed that CSNK1D participated in circadian and metabolic regulation， YWHAQ modulated the Hippo pathway and lipid signal transduction， and MSN was associated with cytoskeletal remodeling and fibrogenic responses. ConclusionThe integrative proteogenomic analysis in this study shows that CSNK1D， YWHAQ， and MSN may be key mediators in the pathogenesis of MAFLD. These proteins have the potential to serve as novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets， providing new directions for research on disease mechanisms and the development of intervention strategies.

OBJECTIVE: To establish reuse process of positive pressure powered air-filter protective hoods during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic. METHODS: The procedure of pretreatment, storage, recovery, cleaning, disinfection and sterilization process of positive pressure powered air-filter protective hoods, which were used in the treatment of COVID-19 infection patients was established in Central Sterile Supply Department of the hospital. The cleaning and disinfection effects of the protective hoods after treatment were examined by magnifying glass method, residual protein detection method, real-time PCR, and agar pour plate method. RESULTS: Twenty five used protective hoods underwent totally 135 times of washing, disinfecting and sterilizing procedures. After washing, all the protein residue tests and COVID-19 nucleic acid tests showed negative results. After sterilizing, all the protective hoods met sterility requirement. All the tested protective hoods were undamaged after reprocessing. CONCLUSIONS The established reuse procedures for used positive pressure powered air-filter protective hoods are safe.
Air Filters/virology* ; Betacoronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control* ; Disinfection/standards* ; Equipment Reuse/standards* ; Pandemics/prevention & control* ; Pneumonia, Viral/prevention & control* ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Sterilization/standards*

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effects of varying the number of diffusion gradient directions (NDGDs) on diffusion tensor fiber tracking (FT) in human brain white matter using tract characteristics. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twelve normal volunteers underwent diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) scanning with NDGDs of 6, 11, 15, 21, and 31 orientations. Three fiber tract groups, including the splenium of the corpus callosum (CC), the entire CC, and the full brain tract, were reconstructed by deterministic DTI-FT. Tract architecture was first qualitatively evaluated by visual observation. Six quantitative tract characteristics, including the number of fibers (NF), average length (AL), fractional anisotropy (FA), relative anisotropy (RA), mean diffusivity (MD), and volume ratio (VR) were measured for the splenium of the CC at the tract branch level, for the entire CC at tract level, and for the full brain tract at the whole brain level. Visual results and those of NF, AL, FA, RA, MD, and VR were compared among the five different NDGDs. RESULTS: The DTI-FT with NDGD of 11, 15, 21, and 31 orientations gave better tracking results compared with NDGD of 6 after the visual evaluation. NF, FA, RA, MD, and VR values with NDGD of six were significantly greater (smallest p = 0.001 to largest p = 0.042) than those with four other NDGDs (11, 15, 21, or 31 orientations), whereas AL measured with NDGD of six was significantly smaller (smallest p = 0.001 to largest p = 0.041) than with four other NDGDs (11, 15, 21, or 31 orientations). No significant differences were observed in the results among the four NDGD groups of 11, 15, 21, and 31 directions (smallest p = 0.059 to largest p = 1.000). CONCLUSION: The main fiber tracts were detected with NDGD of six orientations; however, the use of larger NDGD (> or = 11 orientations) could provide improved tract characteristics at the expense of longer scanning time.
Adult ; Anisotropy ; Diffusion Tensor Imaging/*methods ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; White Matter/*radiography ; Young Adult

Objective:To investigate the efficacy and safety of peginterferon alpha-2a plus ribavirin in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C. Methods:Totally 85 patients with chronic hepatitis C were randomly divided into the observation group and the control group. Each patient in the observation group was injected subcutaneously peginterferon alpha-2a with the dose of 180μg once a week plus ribavirin 900-1 200 mg/d, po, and each patient in the control was treated subcutaneously with 5 MU standard interferon alpha-2b three times a week plus the same used ribavirin. After the 48-week treatment, 24-week fellow-up was carried out. HCV RNA and ALT were detected at the baseline, 4th week, 12th week and 48th week during the treatment, and 24th week after the treatment, respective-ly. The rate of rapid virological response ( RVR) , early virological response ( EVR) , end of treatment virological response ( ETVR) , sustained virological response (SVR), ALT normalization and adverse reactions were respectively assessed. Results: The rates of EVR,ETVR and SVR in the observation group were 76. 7%(33/43), 86. 0%(37/43) and 79. 1%(34/43), respectively, which were significantly higher than those in the control group [54. 8%(23/43), 66. 7%(28/43) and 57. 1%(24/43),respectively] (P<0. 05). The ALT normalization rate at 12th and 48th week after the treatment in the observation group was 81. 4% and 90. 7%, re-spectively, which were higher than those in the control group [64. 3% and 71. 4%, respectively](P<0. 05). The rate of white cell counts and platelet underlying (58. 1% and 39. 5%) in the observation group were also higher than those in the control group (35. 7%and 19.0%)(P<0.05). The decreased rate of neutrophil (58.1%) in the observation group was higher than that in the control group(19. 0%)(P<0. 01). The other adverse reactions in the two groups were similar, and there was no new or unique adverse event related to peginterferon. Conclusion:Peginterferon alpha-2a has better effect than the standard interferon alpha-2b in the treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis C with promising tolerance.

Objective To observed the alteration of the glomerular charge-barrier (GCB) in children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome(INS) and relationship between GCB and severity of proteinuria. Mothods The clearance ratios of pancreatic to salivary isoamylase(CPAM/CSAM) were detected in 21 cases with INS and 29 healthy controls by use of a selective inbibitor, then use the clearance ration to show the CCB. Results The ratio of CPAM/CSAM in the cases with massive proteinuria was mean 1. 18 (range 0.82 - l .54), in the cases with no-massive proteinuria was mean 2.06(1 .22 - 3. 14), in healthy controls was 3 .33 (l. 18 - 6.54). There was a significant difference in ratios CPAM/CSAM between three groups. As all cases with INS, the ratio was very significantly negatively correlated with 24-hour urine protein quantity, but not correlated when 24 hour proteinuria was in excess of 50 mg/kg. Conclusion GCB of the cases with INS is reduced, and of the cases with massive proteinuria almost dissappeared.