Tuberculosis,as a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis(MTB)infection,presenting a serious threat to human and animal health.When human body is infected by MTB,it quickly initiates an immune response,in which T lymphocyte-mediated cellular immunity plays a key role,as it can effectively recog-nize and eliminate MTB,serving as an important defense line for the body against MTB.However,during MTB in-fection process,myeloid-derived suppressor cells(MDSCs)undergo amplification and activation,which exhibit in-hibitory effect on the immune function of T lymphocytes and interfere the normal immune response of the body,making MTB easier to survive and reproduce in the body.This article discusses the role of MDSCs in the occu-rrence,development and prognosis of tuberculosis from two different perspectives,expects to provide new perspec-tives and ideas for the immunotherapy of tuberculosis as well as the research and development of targeted drugs,so as to open up a new way for the prevention and treatment of tuberculosis.

Tuberculosis,as a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis(MTB)infection,presenting a serious threat to human and animal health.When human body is infected by MTB,it quickly initiates an immune response,in which T lymphocyte-mediated cellular immunity plays a key role,as it can effectively recog-nize and eliminate MTB,serving as an important defense line for the body against MTB.However,during MTB in-fection process,myeloid-derived suppressor cells(MDSCs)undergo amplification and activation,which exhibit in-hibitory effect on the immune function of T lymphocytes and interfere the normal immune response of the body,making MTB easier to survive and reproduce in the body.This article discusses the role of MDSCs in the occu-rrence,development and prognosis of tuberculosis from two different perspectives,expects to provide new perspec-tives and ideas for the immunotherapy of tuberculosis as well as the research and development of targeted drugs,so as to open up a new way for the prevention and treatment of tuberculosis.

Pyroptosis is a type of programmed cell death distincted from apoptosis and necrosis, which is accompanied by the lysis of cell membranes and the release of cell contents. Pyroptosis occurs as mediated by Gasdermin protein family and is dependent on the activity of caspase. GSDME is one of the most important members of the Gasdermin protein superfamily. GSDME-mediated pyroptosis relies on the activity of caspase-3. In recent years, with further research on pyroptosis, the mechanism of GSDME-induced pyroptosis is becoming clear. Numerous studies have shown that GSDME-mediated pyroptosis plays an important role in the occurrence and development of tumors, as well as chemotherapy resistance. However, GSDME-mediated pyroptosis has no specificity and can induce pyroptosis of normal cells in the body while inducing tumor cell pyroptosis, thus causing different degrees of damage to various organs of the body. Further study on the mechanism of GSDME-induced pyroptosis, the role of GSDME in malignant tumors and the adverse reactions of chemotherapy can provide new ideas for tumor monitoring, treatment and prognosis judgment.

Gasdermin E is closely related to neoplasms, which is involved in the occurrence and development of neoplasms through gene methylation, gene mutation or other ways. Pyroptosis mediated by gasdermin E is involved in drug therapy of various neoplasms, which provides a new theoretical basis for drug therapy of neoplasms. The study of gasdermin E aims to deepen the understanding of neoplasms and provide a new perspective for the prevention and treatment of neoplasms.

Clinical genetic testing results are compiled into a standardized report by genetic specialists and provided to clinicians and patients (Should the patient be intellectually disabled or under 18,the report will be provided to his/her parents or legal guardians).The content of genetic testing report should conform to relevant guidelines,industry standards and consensus.The decisions of clinicians will be made based on the report and clinical indications.Genetic counselors should provide post-test counseling to clinicians and patients or their authorized family members.A mechanism of follow-up visit after the genetic testing should be established with informed consent.Data should be shared by clinical institutions and genome sequencing institutions.As findings upon follow-up visit can help with further evaluation of the results,genome sequencing institutions should regularly re-analyze historical and follow-up data,and the updated results should be shared with clinical institutions.All activities involving reporting,genetic counselling,follow-up visiting,and re-analyzing should follow the relevant guidelines and regulations.

Objective To explore the difference of PICC utilization in different time on phlebitis occurrence among patients with tumor by chemotherapy. Methods According to peripheral venous chemotherapy, 325 cases had been divided into chemotherapy group (n = 93) and the first time chemotherapy group (n = 232). We observed the occurrence of patients with phlebitis in two groups after PICC implantation. Results The probability of phlebitis occurrence in patients after PICC placement in chemotherapy group was 26. 9% and that in the first time chemotherapy group was 12. 5% (χ2 = 9. 91,P < 0. 05). ⅠandⅡ grade of phlebitis incidence rates of patients in chemotherapy group were 18. 3% and 8. 6% , but that in the first time chemotherapy group were 9. 5% and 3. 0% (P > 0. 05), there were no Ⅲ grade phlebitis happened in both groups. Conclusions The PICC should be adopted by the patients as early as possible for patient with the first time chemotherapy to reduce the peripheral venous stimulation and reduce the phlebitis occurrence.

Objective To explore the effects of whole process management pattern on the complication of PICC among cancer patients. Methods From October 2012, we started to build up the whole process management pattern to plan, implement, check and cope with integration of 4 stages key element including environment, safety, quality and patient′s health for PICC patients, and it carried out in the whole hospital. We compared the number of PICC cases, success rate of first PICC insertion and incidence of complication between the time of January to October 2012 and the time of November 2012 to December 2013, and compared the patients′satisfaction of nursing quality. Results After the whole process management pattern used, the total number of PICC climbed from 275 cases to 475 cases and the success rate of first PICC insertion increased from 94. 9% to 98. 9% with statistical difference (χ2 =11. 58,P<0. 01). The incidences of complication declined, of which the rate of mechanical phlebitis was 1. 8%, infection related catheter 2. 1%, and all complications were lower than before the whole process management pattern used (χ2 =5. 99,25. 17, respectively; P <0. 01). The patients′satisfaction increased from 93. 1% to 97. 1% with statistical difference (χ2 =6. 53,P<0. 05). Conclusions The whole process management pattern declines the complications of PICC among cancer patients, and promotes patients safety, releases clinical pressure and enhanced patients′satisfaction and quality of specific nursing.