Lipidomics is an emerging discipline that systematically studies the various types,functions,and metabolic pathways of lipids within living organisms.This field compares changes in diseases or drug impact,identifying biomarkers and molecular mechanisms present in lipid metabolic networks across different physiological or pathological states.Through employing analytical chemistry within the realm of lipidomics,researchers analyze traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).This analysis aids in uncovering potential mechanisms for treating diverse physiopathological conditions,assessing drug efficacy,un-derstanding mechanisms of action and toxicity,and generating innovative ideas for disease prevention and treatment.This manuscript assesses recent literature,summarizing existing lipidomics technologies and their applications in TCM research.It delineates the efficacy,mechanisms,and toxicity research related to lipidomics in Chinese medicine.Additionally,it explores the utilization of lipidomics in quality control research for Chinese medicine,aiming to expand the application of lipidomics within this field.Ultimately,this initiative seeks to foster the integration of traditional medicine theory with modern science and technology,promoting an organic fusion between the two domains.

Objective The high post-surgery recurrence rate of endometriosis(EMs)has emerged as a challenge in the long-term manaagement of the condition.This study is aimed at investigating the mechanisms of Neiyiting(NYT)decoction in preventing postoperative recurrence of EMs.Methods An animal model of EMs postoperative recurrence and a model of endometrial stromal cells(hEM15A)cocultured with macrophages(RAW 264.7 cell line)were established for both in vivo and in vitro experiments.An autotransplantation method was used to establish a rat model of EMs.The rats were divided into 4 groups(6 rats per group)and received the corresponding treatments:a Model group receiving distilled water,a Gestrinone group receiving gestrinone at 0.325 mg/kg,a low-dose NYT(NYT-L)group receiving NYT decoction at 5.04 g/(kg-d),and a high-dose NYT(NYT-H)group receiving NYT decoction at 10.08 g/(kg-d).The treatment was administered for 3 weeks via intragastric gavage.In addition,6 SD rats were randomly selected for the control group(Control group),and were given distilled water for 3 weeks via intragastric gavage.The sizes and pathological changes of recurrent lesions in EMs rats were observed.Immunohistochemistry and qRT-PCR were performed to assess the expression of M1 macrophage marker CD86 protein and mRNA in vivo.Additionally,immunohistochemistry and qRT-PCR were used to assess the expression of indicator proteins related to the triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1(TREM1)/Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)/nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB)signaling pathway and mRNA.The proliferation of hEM15A cells in the coculture experiment was observed.Flow cytometry was performed to determine the polarization of RAW264.7 macrophages,and qRT-PCR was used to determine the expression levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS)and interleukin 1β(IL-1β)mRNA.Western blot was performed to determine the expression of signaling pathway-related indicator proteins in vitro.ELISA was performed to determine the levels of inflammatory factors in vitro.Results Compared with the Model group,the volume of recurrent lesions in the NYT-H group was reduced(P＜0.01).Findings from the macrophage M1 polarization assessment showed that the expression levels of CD86 protein and mRNA in the recurrent lesions of the Model group were higher than those in the control group(P＜0.01).The expression levels of CD86 protein and mRNA in the recurrent lesions of the NYT-H group were lower than those of the Model group(P＜0.01).In addition,the RAW 264.7 cell experiment further verified that NYT decoction could reduce the number of CD86-positive macrophages induced by plasmids overexpressing TREM1 and reduce the expression of IL-1β and iNOS mRNA(P＜0.01).The results of the hEM15A cell proliferation assay showed that NYT decoction down-regulated KI-67 protein expression in hEM15A cells induced by macrophage M1 polarization(P＜0.01).The results of TREM1/TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway showed that the protein and mRNA expression levels of TREM1,TLR4,and NF-κB in the recurrent lesions of the Model group were higher than those of the control group(P＜0.01).Compared with those in the Model group,the protein and mRNA expression levels of TREM1,TLR4,and NF-κB in the recurrent lesions of the NYT-H group were lower(P＜0.01).In addition,the coculture experiment of RAW264.7 and hEM15A cells further confirmed that NYT decoction reduced the expression of TREM1,TLR4,and P-P65 proteins(P＜0.01).Conclusion NYT decoction can inhibit macrophage M1 polarization through the TREM1/TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway,improve the inflammation level,and inhibit the formation of ectopic endometrial lesions,thereby preventing postoperative recurrence of EMs.

Lipidomics is an emerging discipline that systematically studies the various types, functions, and metabolic pathways of lipids within living organisms. This field compares changes in diseases or drug impact, identifying biomarkers and molecular mechanisms present in lipid metabolic networks across different physiological or pathological states. Through employing analytical chemistry within the realm of lipidomics, researchers analyze traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). This analysis aids in uncovering potential mechanisms for treating diverse physiopathological conditions, assessing drug efficacy, understanding mechanisms of action and toxicity, and generating innovative ideas for disease prevention and treatment. This manuscript assesses recent literature, summarizing existing lipidomics technologies and their applications in TCM research. It delineates the efficacy, mechanisms, and toxicity research related to lipidomics in Chinese medicine. Additionally, it explores the utilization of lipidomics in quality control research for Chinese medicine, aiming to expand the application of lipidomics within this field. Ultimately, this initiative seeks to foster the integration of traditional medicine theory with modern science and technology, promoting an organic fusion between the two domains.

The comparison between traditional Chinese medicine Jinzhen oral liquid (JZOL) and Western medicine in treating children with acute bronchitis (AB) showed encouraging outcomes. This trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of the JZOL for improving cough and expectoration in children with AB. 480 children were randomly assigned to take JZOL or ambroxol hydrochloride and clenbuterol hydrochloride oral solution for 7 days. The primary outcome was time-to-cough resolution. The median time-to-cough resolution in both groups was 5.0 days and the antitussive onset median time was only 1 day. This randomized controlled trial showed that JZOL was not inferior to cough suppressant and phlegm resolving western medicine in treating cough and sputum and could comprehensively treat respiratory and systemic discomfort symptoms. Combined with clinical trials, the mechanism of JZOL against AB was uncovered by network target analysis, it was found that the pathways in TRP channels like IL-1β/IL1R/TRPV1/TRPA1, NGF/TrkA/TRPV1/TRPA1, and PGE2/EP/PKA/TRPV1/TRPA1 might play important roles. Animal experiments further confirmed that inflammation and the immune regulatory effect of JZOL in the treatment of AB were of vital importance and TRP channels were the key mechanism of action.

Purpose To investigate the expression and sig-nificance of CH25H and STAT3 in follicular lymphoma(FL).Methods Differentially expressed genes in FL and normal lymph node tissues from the GEO were screened.Paraffin sam-ples from 54 cases of FL and 20 cases of reactive proliferative lymph node tissue were collected.Immunohistochemical methods were used to detect the expression of CH25H and STAT3 in par-affin samples,and their relationship with the clinical and patho-logical characteristics of FL was analyzed.Results The expres-sion of CH25H mRNA in FL was significantly higher than that in normal lymph node tissue(P＜0.01).The expression level of CH25H mRNA in FL was linearly correlated with STAT3(P＜0.01).The high expression rate of CH25H in FL was 48.1％,which significantly higher than that in reactive proliferative lymph node tissue(15.0％,P＜0.05).The high expression rate of STAT3 was 59.3％,which significantly higher than that of reactive proliferative lymph node tissue(25.0％,P＜0.05).The expression level of CH25H protein was significantly correla-ted with the pathological grading and clinical Ann Arbor staging of FL(all P＜0.05).CH25H expression was higher in FL with high Ki67 expression(≥30％),while it was lower in FL with low Ki67 expression,and the difference was significant(P＜0.05).There was no significant correlation between CH25H and patient age,gender,presence or absence of B symptoms,ex-pression of CD10,BCL6,BCL2,FLIPI-1 score,lymphocyte count,and monocyte count(all P＞0.05).The expression lev-el of STAT3 protein was significantly correlated with the patho-logical grading,clinical Ann Arbor staging,and FLIPI-1 score of FL(all P＜0.05).STAT3 expression was higher in FL with high Ki67 expression(≥30％),while it was lower in FL with low Ki67 expression,and the difference was significant(P＜0.05).STAT3 was not significantly correlated with patient age,gender,presence or absence of B symptoms,expression of CD10,BCL6,BCL2,lymphocyte count,and monocyte count(all P＞0.05).The expression levels of CH25H and STAT3 in FL were positively correlated(r=0.573,P＜0.001).Conclu-sion The expression levels of CH25H and STAT3 proteins in FL are significantly increased,which can serve as potential mo-lecular markers for pathological diagnosis,grading,and progno-sis evaluation of FL.Abnormal expression of CH25H and STAT3 may jointly participate in the occurrence and progression of FL.

To have better clinical understanding of Schimke immuno-osseous dysplasia(SIOD) through analyzing the clinical features, treatment, and prognosis of four patients with SIOD.

Mutations in the SAMD9 and SAMD9L genes are associated with MIRAGE syndrome and ATXPC syndrome, respectively. This study reports the clinical characteristics and genetic analysis of one case with SAMD9 mutation (c.3809T > A, p.F1270Y) and two cases with SAMD9L mutations (c.2675T > G, p.M892R; c.1096T > G, p.F366V and c.4517T > C, p.L1506p), none of which have been previously reported. All patients presented with recurrent infections, growth retardation, and myelodys-plasia, with varying degrees of involvement of multiple systems, including respiratory, gastrointestinal, immune, endocrine, neurological, and reproductive systems. In terms of treatment, two patients underwent regular intravenous immunoglobulin and their clinical symptoms improved, while one patient had a favorable recovery following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation at the age of 1 year and 5 months of age. SAMD9/SAMD9L gene mutations, therefore, chould be considered in children with recurrent infections, myelodysplasia, pancytopenia, and growth retardation. Early genetic testing is crucial for timely diagnosis and treatment, which may improve patient outcomes.

Purpose To investigate the expression and sig-nificance of CH25H and STAT3 in follicular lymphoma(FL).Methods Differentially expressed genes in FL and normal lymph node tissues from the GEO were screened.Paraffin sam-ples from 54 cases of FL and 20 cases of reactive proliferative lymph node tissue were collected.Immunohistochemical methods were used to detect the expression of CH25H and STAT3 in par-affin samples,and their relationship with the clinical and patho-logical characteristics of FL was analyzed.Results The expres-sion of CH25H mRNA in FL was significantly higher than that in normal lymph node tissue(P＜0.01).The expression level of CH25H mRNA in FL was linearly correlated with STAT3(P＜0.01).The high expression rate of CH25H in FL was 48.1％,which significantly higher than that in reactive proliferative lymph node tissue(15.0％,P＜0.05).The high expression rate of STAT3 was 59.3％,which significantly higher than that of reactive proliferative lymph node tissue(25.0％,P＜0.05).The expression level of CH25H protein was significantly correla-ted with the pathological grading and clinical Ann Arbor staging of FL(all P＜0.05).CH25H expression was higher in FL with high Ki67 expression(≥30％),while it was lower in FL with low Ki67 expression,and the difference was significant(P＜0.05).There was no significant correlation between CH25H and patient age,gender,presence or absence of B symptoms,ex-pression of CD10,BCL6,BCL2,FLIPI-1 score,lymphocyte count,and monocyte count(all P＞0.05).The expression lev-el of STAT3 protein was significantly correlated with the patho-logical grading,clinical Ann Arbor staging,and FLIPI-1 score of FL(all P＜0.05).STAT3 expression was higher in FL with high Ki67 expression(≥30％),while it was lower in FL with low Ki67 expression,and the difference was significant(P＜0.05).STAT3 was not significantly correlated with patient age,gender,presence or absence of B symptoms,expression of CD10,BCL6,BCL2,lymphocyte count,and monocyte count(all P＞0.05).The expression levels of CH25H and STAT3 in FL were positively correlated(r=0.573,P＜0.001).Conclu-sion The expression levels of CH25H and STAT3 proteins in FL are significantly increased,which can serve as potential mo-lecular markers for pathological diagnosis,grading,and progno-sis evaluation of FL.Abnormal expression of CH25H and STAT3 may jointly participate in the occurrence and progression of FL.

Objective:To analyze the clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatments of patients with POEMS syndrome initially diagnosed as pulmonary hypertension (PH).Methods:Clinical data of 7 patients who were initially diagnosed as PH and finally diagnosed as POEMS syndrome in Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital from May 2013 to November 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical manifestations, laboratory tests, echocardiography, hemodynamic findings, treatment and prognosis of patients were analyzed.Results:Seven patients, including 4 males and 3 female, aged (55±9) (44-62) years were presented with elevated pulmonary artery pressure by echocardiography at admission. Chest tightness and shortness of breath (7/7), fatigue (6/7) and lower limb edema (4/7) were the most common symptoms in the first-episode. Meanwhile, patients also presented symptoms associated with POEMS syndrome, including multiple peripheral neuropathy (7/7), multiserosal cavity effusion (6/7), organomegaly (5/7), skin changes (5/7), and endocrine lesions (4/7). Serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were significantly increased in all patients. The pulmonary arterial systolic blood pressure was (66±21)mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) estimated by echocardiography. Six patients underwent right heart catheterization and significantly increased mean pulmonary artery pressure((35±9) mmHg) was confirmed; and their pulmonary vascular resistance was (4.00±2.10) Wood U. All patients received corresponding treatment for POEMS syndrome. The excise tolerance was improved in 5 patients after successful treatment with stable or reversed WHO functional class. One patient received hemodialysis treatment for uncontrolled POEMS. One patient died during follow-up. The echocardiography was followed up in 4 patients, and 2 of whom had a complete reversal of PH, 1 had a partial reversal, and 1 had not yet reversed.Conclusions:In patients with PH who have multisystem manifestations, such as multiple peripheral neuropathy, multiserosal cavity effusion, organomegaly and skin changes, POEMS syndrome should be considered, and proper and active treatment of POEMS may reverse PH and improve the prognosis of patients.

OBJECTIVE To establish a method to detect the blood concentration of ibrutinib and apply it to the clinic. METHODS Using zanubrutinib as internal standard， the concentration of ibrutinib was detected by high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） after plasma samples were processed by solid-phase extraction. The separation was performed on an Agilent 5 TC-C18（2） column with acetonitrile-0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution （43∶57， V/V） as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1 mL/min， a detection wavelength of 260 nm， a column temperature of 40 ℃ ， a sample size of 20 μL， and a run time of 25 min. The concentration of ibrutinib was measured in the plasma of 9 patients with non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma 2 h after drug administration on the 30th day by the above method. RESULTS The linear range of the assayed mass concentration of ibrutinib was 10-500 ng/mL （R 2＝0.998 9）， the lower limit of quantification was 10 ng/mL， and the RSDs of the intra-batch and inter-batch precision tests were not higher than 12.77%. The recoveries of the extraction were 74.80% and 97.70%， with both RSDs＜2.90%， and the RSDs of the stability tests were not higher than 7.10%. The peak plasma concentrations of 9 patients were 15.341-279.628 ng/mL. CONCLUSIONS The established HPLC method is simple and rapid， and can be used for the determination of ibrutinib concentration in plasma samples.