Objective:To document any effect of combining transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) with peripheral magnetic stimulation (rPMS) to relieve shoulder pain in hemiplegic stroke survivors.Methods:Sixty hemiplegic stroke survivors with shoulder pain were randomly divided into a Central Group ( n=20), a Peripheral Group ( n=20), and a Combined Group ( n=20). In addition to routine pharmacological intervention and rehabilitation training, the Central Group received 10Hz rTMS over the M1 area of the affected hemisphere, the Peripheral Group received 20Hz rPMS at Erb′s point of the affected limb, while the Combined Group received rTMS followed by rPMS. Before as well as after 2 and 4 weeks of treatment, all were assessed using a numerical pain intensity rating scale (NRS), for passive range of motion (PROM) of the shoulder joint, and using the Fugl-Meyer upper extremity assessment (FMA). Results:Before the treatment there were no significant differences among the 3 groups. After 2 weeks there was significant improvement in the average shoulder PROM and FMA scores, and a significant decrease in the average NRS ratings. After 4 weeks there was continued significant improvement. After 2 and 4 weeks, the Combined Group gave significantly lower NRS ratings than the others and had greater average shoulder PROM improvement. The average FMA score of the Combined Group (36.10±13.32) after two weeks was significantly better than those of the Central and Peripheral groups. However, no significant differences were found between the Central and Peripheral Groups in the other measurements.Conclusions:Both rTMS and rPMS can relieve shoulder pain and promote the recovery of motor function, with superior synergistic effects observed in their combined application.

Objective:To document any effect of combining transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) with peripheral magnetic stimulation (rPMS) to relieve shoulder pain in hemiplegic stroke survivors.Methods:Sixty hemiplegic stroke survivors with shoulder pain were randomly divided into a Central Group ( n=20), a Peripheral Group ( n=20), and a Combined Group ( n=20). In addition to routine pharmacological intervention and rehabilitation training, the Central Group received 10Hz rTMS over the M1 area of the affected hemisphere, the Peripheral Group received 20Hz rPMS at Erb′s point of the affected limb, while the Combined Group received rTMS followed by rPMS. Before as well as after 2 and 4 weeks of treatment, all were assessed using a numerical pain intensity rating scale (NRS), for passive range of motion (PROM) of the shoulder joint, and using the Fugl-Meyer upper extremity assessment (FMA). Results:Before the treatment there were no significant differences among the 3 groups. After 2 weeks there was significant improvement in the average shoulder PROM and FMA scores, and a significant decrease in the average NRS ratings. After 4 weeks there was continued significant improvement. After 2 and 4 weeks, the Combined Group gave significantly lower NRS ratings than the others and had greater average shoulder PROM improvement. The average FMA score of the Combined Group (36.10±13.32) after two weeks was significantly better than those of the Central and Peripheral groups. However, no significant differences were found between the Central and Peripheral Groups in the other measurements.Conclusions:Both rTMS and rPMS can relieve shoulder pain and promote the recovery of motor function, with superior synergistic effects observed in their combined application.

With the frequent occurrence of respiratory viral infectious diseases,global public health is facing major challenges,and finding effective prevention and treatment methods has become a top priority.As an important part of traditional Chinese medicine,Chinese medicine has shown unique advantages in antiviral treatment.This article aims to review the modern scientific research pro-gress of Chinese medicine against respiratory viral infectious diseases,explore its advantages in clinical application and how to deeply understand the scientific connotation of Chinese medicine intervention in the whole-life cycle of viruses through multidisciplinary cross-integration,and systematically analyze the research strategy of the antiviral infection mechanism of Chinese medicine compound.It pro-vides a reference for the reserve of candidate Chinese medicine for future prevention and control of virus safety risks,which is of great significance for effectively supporting the prevention,control and treatment of new and emerging viral infectious diseases in China.

Bacillus spp. are probiotics and can secrete a variety of natural antimicrobiol active substances, of which lipopeptides are an important class. Up to now, about 90 lipopeptides have been identified, and most of them are cyclic lipopeptides. surfactin, iturin, fengycin, bacillomycin and polymyxins are widely studied, and the first three have huge potential for application due to their properties of surfactants and anti-fungal, anti-bacterial, anti-viral, anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory functions. In this paper, the research progress in the structure, function, synthesis regulation, separation, purification and production of surfactin, iturin and fengycin was reviewed. Synthetic biology is a vital means to increase the yield of lipopeptides, and in the future, lipopeptides can be used in crop cultivation, animal farming, food, medicine and petroleum industries as well as environmental protection. Future research should be strengthened on the discovery of new lipopeptides, synthesis of high-activity lipopeptides, economical production of lipopeptides on a large scale and their safety evaluation.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology* ; Bacillus ; Bacillus subtilis ; Lipopeptides/pharmacology* ; Peptides, Cyclic/pharmacology*

Bletilla striata has been used as traditional Chinese medicine for several centuries. In recent years, the quality and quantity of wild B. striata plants have declined sharply due to habitat deterioration and human over-exploitation. Therefore, it is of great urgency to evaluate and protect B. striata wild plant resource. In this study, sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) markers were applied to assess the level and pattern of genetic diversity in twelve populations of B. striata. The results showed a high level of genetic diversity (PPB = 90.48%, H = 0.349 4, I = 0.509 6) and moderate genetic differentiation among populations (G(st) = 0.260 9). Based on the unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic average (UPGMA), twelve populations gathered in three clusters. The cluster 1 included four populations. There are Nanjing, Zhenjiang, Xuancheng and Hangzhou. The seven populations which come from Hubei Province, Hunan Province, Jiangxi Province and Guizhou Province belonged to the cluster 2. The cluster 3 only contained Wenshan population. Moreover, Mantel test revealed significant positive correlation between genetic distances and geographic distances (r = 0.632 9; P < 0.000 1). According to the results, we proposed a series of conservation consideration for B. striata.

Objective To evaluate the influence of chronic psychosocial stress on BMI in adolescents.Methods Physical examination and questionnaire survey were conducted among the students of junior grade 1 and senior grade 1 in 10 middle schools in Xuzhou in September 2011.Their body height and weight were measured at baseline survey and the self-report information about socio-demographic data,emotional symptoms (depressive symptoms,anxiety symptoms),and life style/behavior were collected from them.Chronic psychosocial stress was assessed with Multidimensional Life Events Rating Questionnaire (MLERQ),which consists of five items,stress of family life,school life,peer relation,gender relation and health growth.Results A total of 5 473 valid questionnaires were collected for analysis (2 841 from boys and 2 632 from girls).The follow-up measurement of body height and weight were conducted in September 20 13.A total of 4 316 students (2 171 boys,2 145 girls) were surveyed,and 1 157 students missed the follow up.The psychosocial stress score in the overweight and obese girls at baseline survey was positively associated with BMI-Z increase at follow up survey (P＜0.01).No such effect was observed among the boys at follow-up survey.Conclusion High level of chronic psychosocial stress could lead to BMI increase in overweight and obese girls,suggesting that female adolescents are susceptible population of psychosocial stress induced obesity.

Reduced sulfur compounds ( RSCs) are one of the main pollutant species in the atmosphere, so it is of great significance to develop a rapid and on-line approaches for their detection. In this study, a portable time-of-flight mass spectrometer ( TOF-MS) with magnetic field enhanced photoelectron ionization source was designed to detect RSCs. The photoelectron ionization source was induced from vacuum ultraviolet photons which generated from vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) lamp with energy of 10. 6 eV. The energy of photoelectrons was controlled by adjusting the extraction voltage to produce the photoelectron ionization, and an annular magnet was used in the ionization region to improve the ionization efficiency of photoelectrons. From the simulation result by SIMION software, it was found that the introduction of magnet field made the motion trajectroies of electrons in the helical motion increase and the convergence of electron at the ionization source was achieved. Experimental results showed that after introducing the magnet filed, the sensitivity of H2 S, SO2 and CS2 was improved by a factor of 5. 3, 9. 4 and 6. 9, respectively. With a detection time of 50 s, the limits of detection for H2S, SO2 and CS2 were 0. 14, 0. 52 and 0. 31 mg/m3(S/N=3), respectively. It could be concluded that the portable TOF-MS with magnetic field enhanced photoelectron ionization source has great potential to be applied for on-line monitoring of volatile sulfides at the emission source.

In this article, an acetone-enhanced negative photoionization (AENP) source based on a 10. 6 eV vacuum ultraviolet ( VUV) lamp was developed and coupled to a home-made time-of-flight mass spectrometer for rapid detection of trace explosives. In the AENP source, acetone molecules absorbed 10. 6 eV photons and were ionized by single photon ionization to emit photoelectrons. The photoelectrons reacted with O2 , CO2 , etc. in the atmosphere to produce mainly CO-3 negative reactant ions. With this ionization source, common explosives, N-nitrobiz ( 2-hyolorolroxy ethyl )-amine dinitrate ( DINA ) , Tetryl, trinitrotoluene ( TNT ) and hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), could be detected sensitively, and the limit of detection of 2 pg ( TNT) with a linear range of 3 orders of magnitude was achieved. The simple structure, high sensitivity characteristics make the AENP source as a promising ionization source for mass spectrometry.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of speech disorders in children with cerebral palsy (CP) and any relationship between those characteristics and cranial magnetic resonance images.Methods A sample of 138 children with CP were given the ＜ s-s ＞ language development test,a Chinese-language articulation test and oral motor scores to quantify their functional speech and articulation.The characteristics of their speech disorders,articulation and oral motor dysfunction were then related with abnormalities in their cranial magnetic resonance images (MRIs).Results Of the 138 MRIs,only 9 were normal.Three showed non-specific abnormalities (delayed myelination and/or broadening of the space outside the brain) and 122 (91％) showed specific abnormalities.Among the children with specific abnormalities,51.6％ had speech reception delay and 74.6％ had speech expression delays.The dysarthria rate was 71.3％,including 8.7％ with no speech ability at all.The main MRI abnormalities were lesions of the basal ganglia (23％),lesions of the cerebellum (11.5％),periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) (47.5％),extensive cortical or subcortical lesions (6.6％) and focal cerebral injury (11.5 ％).The corresponding oral motor scores increased successively.The children with lesions of the basal ganglia or cerebellum were most likely to manifest speech expression delay and dysarthria.The children with cortical or subcortical lesions or PVL also showed speech expression delay and dysarthria.However,the children who had a focal cerebral injury generally performed well on the speech ability assessment.Twelve children had no speaking ability at all,and in 7 of them the lesions were of the basal ganglia.Conclusions The probability and severity of speech disorders in children with cerebral palsy relate with specific abnormalities detectable with cranial MRI.Those with lesions of the basal ganglia or cerebellum will be more likely to show more severe speech disorders.