BACKGROUND: The epidemiological pattern and disease burden of type 2 diabetes have been shifting in China over the past decades. This analysis described the epidemiological transition of type 2 diabetes in the past three decades and projected the trend in the future three decades in China. METHODS: Age-, sex-, and year-specific incidence, prevalence, death, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for people with 15 years or older and diabetes or high fasting glucose in China and related countries from 1990 to 2021 were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease. We obtained the trends of age-, sex-, and year-specific rates and absolute numbers of incidence, prevalence, deaths, and DALYs attributable to type 2 diabetes in China from 1990 to 2021. Using the Lee-Carter model, we projected the incidence, prevalence, death, and DALYs attributable to type 2 diabetes to 2050 stratified by age and sex. RESULTS: The age-standardized incidence of type 2 diabetes was 341.5 per 100,000 persons (1.6 times in 1990) and the age-standardized prevalence was 9.96% (9960.0 per 100,000 persons, 2.5 times in 1990) in China 2021. In 2021, there were 0.9 million deaths and 26.8 million DALYs due to type 2 diabetes or hyperglycemia, as 2.9 and 2.7 times the data in 1990, respectively. The age-standardized rates of type 2 diabetes and hyperglycemia were projected to raise to 449.5 per 100,000 persons for incidence, 18.17% for prevalence, 244.6 per 100,000 persons for death, and 4720.2 per 100,000 persons for DALYs by 2050. The incidence of type 2 diabetes kept growing among individuals under the age of 20 years in the past three decades (128.7 per 100,000 persons in 1990 and 439.9 per 100,000 persons in 2021) and estimating 1870.8 per 100,000 in 2050. CONCLUSIONS The incidence, prevalence, and disease burden of type 2 diabetes grew rapidly in China in the past three decades. The prevention of type 2 diabetes in young people and the care for elder adults will be the greatest challenge for the country.
Humans ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/mortality* ; China/epidemiology* ; Prevalence ; Female ; Male ; Incidence ; Middle Aged ; Adult ; Aged ; Adolescent ; Young Adult ; Disability-Adjusted Life Years ; Aged, 80 and over

Receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) plays an essential role in regulating the necroptosis and apoptosis in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. However, the regulation of RIPK1 kinase activity after cerebral I/R injury remains largely unknown. In this study, we found the downregulation of protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1) was induced by cerebral I/R injury, which negatively correlated with the activation of RIPK1. Mechanistically, we proved that PRMT1 directly interacted with RIPK1 and catalyzed its asymmetric dimethylarginine, which then blocked RIPK1 homodimerization and suppressed its kinase activity. Moreover, pharmacological inhibition or genetic ablation of PRMT1 aggravated I/R injury by promoting RIPK1-mediated necroptosis and apoptosis, while PRMT1 overexpression protected against I/R injury by suppressing RIPK1 activation. Our findings revealed the molecular regulation of RIPK1 activation and demonstrated PRMT1 would be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of ischemic stroke.

A chemical investigation of secondary metabolites (SMs) from Aspergillus nidulans resulted in the identification of five novel dioxopiperazine (DKP)-diphenyl ether hybrids, designated as diphenylemestrins A-E (1-5). These compounds 1-5 represent the first known dimers combining DKP and diphenyl ether structures, with compound 4 featuring an uncommon dibenzofuran as the diphenyl ether component. The structural elucidation and determination of absolute stereochemistry were accomplished through spectroscopic analysis and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. Notably, diphenylemestrin C (3) exhibited moderate cytostatic activity against NB4 cells, with a half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) value of 21.99 μmol·L^-1, and induced apoptosis at higher concentrations.
Aspergillus nidulans/metabolism* ; Diketopiperazines/pharmacology* ; Molecular Structure ; Phenyl Ethers/pharmacology* ; Humans ; Apoptosis/drug effects* ; Cell Line, Tumor

Objective? To investigate the changes of body temperature and the effect of nursing intervention in patients with low body mass index (BMI＜18.5 kg/m2) during thoracic surgery. Methods? Sixty patients with low BMI who underwent thoracic surgery in the Operating Department of the 4th Hospital of Hebei Medical University from June 2016 to December 2018 were randomly divided into observation group and control group, with 30 cases in each group. In addition, 30 patients with normal BMI (18.5-23.0 kg/m2) who underwent thoracic surgery in the same period were selected as the normal group. The observation group adopted comprehensive thermal insulation measures during the operation, and the control group and the normal group adopted routine insulation measures. The patient's body temperature of three groups was compared at each time point: entering operation room, disinfection, body cavity exploration , cutting specimens, closing the chest, suture skin and exiting operation time. the occurrence of adverse reactions during surgery, the blood coagulation index and lactic acid in the peripheral blood before and at the end of surgery, and the peripheral blood inflammatory factor levels were also compared. Results? There were no significant differences in body temperature between the three groups (P＞ 0.05). During the operation, the body temperature of the three groups decreased, and the recovery from the chest was restored. There were significant differences in body temperature between the three groups (P＜ 0.05) at the time point: closing the chest, suture skin and exiting operation room. The incidence of adverse reactions in the observation group was lower than that in the control group and the normal group, and the difference was statistically significant (P＜ 0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the control group and the normal group (P＞ 0.05). The coagulation and stress indexes of the observation group and the control group were significantly different from those of the normal group (P＜ 0.05). There was no significant difference in the coagulation,lactic acid and stress indexes between the observation group and the control group (P＞ 0.05). The coagulation, lactic acid and stress indexes of the three groups were significantly different before and after surgery (P＜ 0.05). There was a statistically significant difference in interleukin-6(IL-6) levels before and after surgery (F=134.241, P＜ 0.001); there was an interaction between the intervention and the time, and the difference was statistically significant (Finteraction =12.202, P＜0.001). There were significant differences between the three groups in the interleukin-10(IL-10) level group (between group F=7.792, P ＜ 0.001); the difference of IL-10 levels before and after surgery was statistically significant (Ftime=112.121, P＜ 0.001); There was an interaction between the intervention and the time, and the difference was not statistically significant (Finteraction=2.990,P=0.055). Conclusions? Compared with patients with normal BMI thoracic surgery, patients with low BMI have abnormal blood coagulation and stress indicators before surgery, and are more likely to have intraoperative blood pressure drop and adverse reactions. Comprehensive intraoperative warming measures can effectively prevent hypothermia in patients with low BMI.

OBJECTIVETo explore the effects of fluid resuscitation during the shock stage of mass burn patients.

METHODSEleven major burn patients out of 25 were rescued at spot and were resuscitated. The treatment results were analyzed and concluded.

RESULTSThe eleven patients were all cured by smoothly living through the shock stage.

CONCLUSIONThe approaching of medical personnel to the site might be the guarantee of correct and timely fluid resuscitation during shock stage, which could be effective on the prevention of burn shock development.

Adult ; Burns ; therapy ; Humans ; Resuscitation ; Shock ; therapy