Objective To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of endoscopic total thyroidectomy performed via a combined transoral and submental approach in patients with thyroid cancer Methods This study enrolled 227 patients diagnosed with papillary thyroid carcinoma(PTC)who underwent total thyroidectomy combined with unilateral central lymph node dissection at the Department of Thyroid and Hernia Surgery,the First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University,between October 2019 and March 2024.Of these patients,68 were treated using the fully endoscopic combined transoral and submental approach(endoscopic group),whereas 159 underwent the conventional open anterior cervical approach(open group).A retrospective analysis was performed to evaluate and compare the therapeutic outcomes between the two groups.Results Surgical procedures were successfully completed in both groups without complications,and no additional incisions were required in the endoscopic group.Compared with the open surgery group,the endoscopic group had a longer operative duration,reduced intraoperative blood loss,and greater total postoperative drainage volume.Furthermore,on the first postoperative day,patients in the endoscopic surgery group exhibited lower levels of serum calcium and intact parathyroid hormone(iPTH).The incidence of temporary parathyroid dysfunction was significantly higher in the endoscopic group(51.47%)than in the open surgery group(30.82%),and this difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).No significant differences were found between the two groups regarding preoperative serum iPTH levels,preoperative serum calcium levels,number of dissected lymph nodes,incidence of temporary recurrent laryngeal nerve injury,postoperative hemorrhage,incision infection,or submental sensory loss(P>0.05).Conclusions Compared with traditional open surgery,total thyroidectomy via TOETSMVA under full endoscopy demonstrates comparable efficacy and favorable long-term safety.However,it is associated with a higher risk of transient hypoparathyroidism in the short term,highlighting the necessity for enhanced intraoperative protection of the parathyroid glands.

Objective:To explore the effect of self-compassion-based writing on prosocial behavior in college students with different self-construals.Methods:A total of 182 college students were recruited,and the Self-Con-structional Scales were used to determine the self-construal types(independent or interdependent).Participants were then assigned to either a self-compassion-based writing group(n=91)or a non-self-compassion daily writing group(n=91)and completed writing tasks according to the respective instructions.Prosocial behavior was evaluated with the Prosocial Tendencies Measure(PTM),situational judgment tests,and donation amounts.Results:The evaluation results from the PTM showed that prosocial behavior was significantly higher in individuals with interdependent self-construal compared to those with independent self-construal(P＜0.001),the main effect of the group type was not statistically significant(P＞0.05).The evaluation results from situational judgment tests showed that prosocial behavior was significantly higher in individuals with interdependent self-construal compared to those with independ-ent self-construal(P＜0.001),the self-compassion-based writing group demonstrated significantly more prosocial behavior than the non-self-compassion daily writing group(P＜0.05).The evaluation results from donation a-mounts showed that the main effect of self-construal type was not statistically significant(P＞0.05),the self-com-passion-based writing group demonstrated significantly more prosocial behavior than the non-self-compassion daily writing group(P＜0.05).Conclusion:Compared to daily writing,self-compassion-based writing could effectively increase prosocial behavior in college students,regardless of their self-construal type.

Objective To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of endoscopic total thyroidectomy performed via a combined transoral and submental approach in patients with thyroid cancer Methods This study enrolled 227 patients diagnosed with papillary thyroid carcinoma(PTC)who underwent total thyroidectomy combined with unilateral central lymph node dissection at the Department of Thyroid and Hernia Surgery,the First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University,between October 2019 and March 2024.Of these patients,68 were treated using the fully endoscopic combined transoral and submental approach(endoscopic group),whereas 159 underwent the conventional open anterior cervical approach(open group).A retrospective analysis was performed to evaluate and compare the therapeutic outcomes between the two groups.Results Surgical procedures were successfully completed in both groups without complications,and no additional incisions were required in the endoscopic group.Compared with the open surgery group,the endoscopic group had a longer operative duration,reduced intraoperative blood loss,and greater total postoperative drainage volume.Furthermore,on the first postoperative day,patients in the endoscopic surgery group exhibited lower levels of serum calcium and intact parathyroid hormone(iPTH).The incidence of temporary parathyroid dysfunction was significantly higher in the endoscopic group(51.47%)than in the open surgery group(30.82%),and this difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).No significant differences were found between the two groups regarding preoperative serum iPTH levels,preoperative serum calcium levels,number of dissected lymph nodes,incidence of temporary recurrent laryngeal nerve injury,postoperative hemorrhage,incision infection,or submental sensory loss(P>0.05).Conclusions Compared with traditional open surgery,total thyroidectomy via TOETSMVA under full endoscopy demonstrates comparable efficacy and favorable long-term safety.However,it is associated with a higher risk of transient hypoparathyroidism in the short term,highlighting the necessity for enhanced intraoperative protection of the parathyroid glands.

Objective:To analyze the characteristics of transabdominal bowel ultrasound (TBUS) in immune checkpoint inhibitor-related colitis (IRC) and their correlation with endoscopic manifestations.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted. Clinical data from 10 patients with IRC treated at Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 2022 to January 2024 were collected. The ulcerative colitis endoscopic index of severity (UCEIS) and Limberg classification were used to assess the severity of colonoscopy and TBUS examinations, respectively. Kendall's tau-b method was applied for correlation analysis between UCEIS scores and Limberg classification.Results:All the 10 patients were male with a median age of 65 years (59-74 years). The majority had lung cancer (8 patients) and all were in advanced stages, with 6 patients in stage Ⅲ and 4 in stage Ⅳ. They all received anti-programmed death 1 (PD-1) /anti-programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) combined with chemotherapy, among whom 2 patients were combined with anti-angiogenic drug treatment. The median time from the first immunotherapy to the onset of IRC was 1.50 (0.25-12.00) months; the median time from IRC treatment to clinical symptom relief to G1 was 2.45 (0.50-8.00) weeks. Nine patients were in the active phase, mainly G3 (8 patients) ; 1 was in the remission phase after treatment. TBUS showed that among the 9 active IRC patients, the entire colon was mainly involved (7 patients), with combined small intestine involvement (3 patients) ; the main manifestations were thickening of the bowel wall, with the thickest bowel wall being 7.0 (5.0-8.0) mm, mainly located in the sigmoid colon (3 patients) and descending colon (3 patients) ; increased bowel wall blood flow signals (Limberg classification 2-4) occurred in 7 patients; 3 active patients had perienteric fat wrapping, and 2 had blurred bowel wall stratification. The Kendall's tau-b correlation coefficient r between the entire colon UCEIS scores and Limberg classification was 0.891 ( P = 0.003), and the Kendall's tau-b correlation coefficient r between the colon segment UCEIS scores and Limberg classification was 0.690 ( P < 0.001) . Conclusion:During the active phase, the left colon of IRC is more severe in TBUS, which mainly manifests as the thickening bowel wall and increased blood flow signals, and the TBUS has good correlation with colonoscopy evaluation.

Hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection is worldwide and poses a serious threat to human health.Existing conventional therapeutic drugs(e.g.,interferon-alpha,nucleoside analogs)can inhibit intrahepatic replication of HBV,but it is difficult to remove HBV covalently closed circular DNA(cccDNA)from the nucleus of hepatocytes,resulting in the virus not being easily cleared and the formation of a chronic infection that is difficult to cure.However,the emergence of targeted drugs is expected to destroy cccDNA making a cure for HBV infection possible.To achieve this,in vitro cell models of HBV infection and replication are needed to screen for targeted drugs.In recent years,in vitro cell models for HBV research have made fundamental progress,providing a platform for a better understanding of virus-host interactions,in vitro studies of the HBV life cycle,and the screening and evaluation of novel antiviral drugs.In this review,the research progress of HBV infection and replication cell models,and the characteristics and limitations of different cell models are reviewed,aiming to provide a basis for exploring the mechanism of complex chronic HBV infection,screening targeted drugs and selecting suitable HBV cell models in vitro.

Objective:To explore the effect of self-compassion-based writing on prosocial behavior in college students with different self-construals.Methods:A total of 182 college students were recruited,and the Self-Con-structional Scales were used to determine the self-construal types(independent or interdependent).Participants were then assigned to either a self-compassion-based writing group(n=91)or a non-self-compassion daily writing group(n=91)and completed writing tasks according to the respective instructions.Prosocial behavior was evaluated with the Prosocial Tendencies Measure(PTM),situational judgment tests,and donation amounts.Results:The evaluation results from the PTM showed that prosocial behavior was significantly higher in individuals with interdependent self-construal compared to those with independent self-construal(P＜0.001),the main effect of the group type was not statistically significant(P＞0.05).The evaluation results from situational judgment tests showed that prosocial behavior was significantly higher in individuals with interdependent self-construal compared to those with independ-ent self-construal(P＜0.001),the self-compassion-based writing group demonstrated significantly more prosocial behavior than the non-self-compassion daily writing group(P＜0.05).The evaluation results from donation a-mounts showed that the main effect of self-construal type was not statistically significant(P＞0.05),the self-com-passion-based writing group demonstrated significantly more prosocial behavior than the non-self-compassion daily writing group(P＜0.05).Conclusion:Compared to daily writing,self-compassion-based writing could effectively increase prosocial behavior in college students,regardless of their self-construal type.

Objective:To systematically integrate the qualitative research results on the exercise experience and needs of patients with Parkinson's disease at home and abroad, and to provide a reference for formulating exercise management plans that are in line with the feelings of patients with Parkinson's disease.Methods:Computer retrieval was conducted in databases including China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data, VIP, China Biology Medicine disc, Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Medline, Embase, and ProQuest for qualitative studies on the exercise experience of patients with Parkinson's disease. The retrieval time limit was from the establishment of the databases to August 8, 2024.Results:A total of 14 articles were included, and 34 research results were extracted. Similar research results were grouped into 11 new categories and integrated into 4 integrated results, namely the incentive factors for patients with Parkinson's disease to participate in exercise, the perceived benefits of patients with Parkinson's disease in exercise, the perceived difficulties of patients with Parkinson's disease in exercise, and the needs of patients with Parkinson's disease to participate in exercise.Conclusions:Exercise has a positive effect on improving the physical and mental conditions of patients with Parkinson's disease. Medical staff should fully consider the needs of patients and formulate safe and reasonable exercise plans to improve the motor life ability of patients with Parkinson's disease.

Objective:To summarize ICU acquired weakness (ICU-AW) assessment tools from both domestic and international sources, providing a reference for healthcare providers in evaluating ICU-AW.Methods:Using Arksey and O'Malley's framework for scope reviews, a computer search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database, VIP, and China Biology Medicine disc for relevant information on ICU-AW assessment tools. The search period was from the establishment of the databases to March 31, 2024. Two researchers independently summarized and analyzed the included literature.Results:A total of 14 articles were included, of which seven focused on the development/construction of prediction models, and seven were related to assessment tools, involving 17 different ICU-AW assessment tools.Conclusions:Researchers should develop and construct ICU-AW risk assessment tools with low bias risk and high clinical applicability based on existing ICU-AW assessment tools, providing effective instruments for the precise health management of ICU patients.

Hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection is worldwide and poses a serious threat to human health.Existing conventional therapeutic drugs(e.g.,interferon-alpha,nucleoside analogs)can inhibit intrahepatic replication of HBV,but it is difficult to remove HBV covalently closed circular DNA(cccDNA)from the nucleus of hepatocytes,resulting in the virus not being easily cleared and the formation of a chronic infection that is difficult to cure.However,the emergence of targeted drugs is expected to destroy cccDNA making a cure for HBV infection possible.To achieve this,in vitro cell models of HBV infection and replication are needed to screen for targeted drugs.In recent years,in vitro cell models for HBV research have made fundamental progress,providing a platform for a better understanding of virus-host interactions,in vitro studies of the HBV life cycle,and the screening and evaluation of novel antiviral drugs.In this review,the research progress of HBV infection and replication cell models,and the characteristics and limitations of different cell models are reviewed,aiming to provide a basis for exploring the mechanism of complex chronic HBV infection,screening targeted drugs and selecting suitable HBV cell models in vitro.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)is one of the most common chronic lung diseases,which is characterized by chronic irreversible airway obstruction.Chronic airflow restriction causes a decrease in oxygen supply to the brain,which inevitably leads to a series of changes in brain function and structure.In recent years,many magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)technology has been applied to explore the brain function and structure of COPD.Resting-state functional MRI,voxel-based morphometry,and diffusion tensor imaging are reviewed in this article to discuss the recent research progress of brain function and structure imaging study in COPD.