Small RNAs (sRNAs), the key components of RNA interference (RNAi) or RNA silencing, can mediate cell-autonomous gene silencing and function as signaling molecules across species. Microbe-induced gene silencing (MIGS), which is based on interspecies RNAi, is an effective approach for controlling fungal diseases in crops. The enolase gene VdEno is essential for the growth and development of the fungal pathogen Verticillium dahliae, which causes cotton Verticillium wilt. In this study, we engineered Trichoderma harzianum (Th) to express the double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) targeting VdEno. The engineered strain Th-VdEnoi successfully generated VdEno-specific small interfering RNA (siVdEno). We further confirmed that Th-VdEnoi effectively induced VdEno silencing at the translational level. The results of crop protection assays revealed that the cotton plants co-inoculated with V. dahliae (strain V592) and Th-VdEnoi presented significantly reduced disease severity and lower fungal biomass in their roots than the control plants inoculated with V. dahliae alone or with V. dahliae and Th-GFPi (a control strain expressing GFP-targeting dsRNA). Collectively, our findings demonstrate that VdEno is an effective target for controlling cotton Verticillium wilt and confirm that MIGS is a promising strategy for managing soil-borne fungal pathogens in crops. MIGS provides strong technical support for reducing the application of conventional chemical pesticides, developing eco-friendly biopesticides, and facilitating the sustainable development of agriculture.
Gossypium/microbiology* ; Plant Diseases/prevention & control* ; Gene Silencing ; Ascomycota/genetics* ; RNA Interference ; RNA, Double-Stranded/genetics* ; Hypocreales/genetics* ; RNA, Small Interfering/genetics* ; Verticillium/genetics* ; Fungal Proteins/genetics*

Objective To investigate the relationship between the risk perception and nursing working environment with the mental resilience in the emergency department nurses.Methods The convenience sam-pling method was adopted.A total of 577 emergency department nurses in 45 hospitals of Guangdong Province from October to November 2023 were selected as the respondents.The CD-RISC scale,nursing staff risk per-ception questionnaire and nursing work environment scale were used to conduct the survey.The multiple line-ar regression was adopted to analyze the influencing factors of mental resilience in the emergency department nurses.The Pearson correlation was adopted to analyze the correlation between the risk perception and nursing working environment with the mental resilience.Results The gender,age,specialist nurse or not,post,hospi-tal type and hospital level had the effect on the mental resilience in the emergency department nurses (P<0.05).The scores of mental resilience scale in 577 nurses were (86.07±15.95) points and the scoring rate was 68.86％;the scores of nursing staff risk perception questionnaire were (79.38±16.32) points and the scoring rate was 56.70％;the scores of the nursing work environment scale were (93.51±13.25) points and the scoring rate was 75.41％.The multiple linear regression analysis showed that the post was the influencing factor of mental resilience in the emergency department nurses.The results of Pearson correlation analysis showed that the nursing work environment was positively correlated with the mental resilience (r=0.476),and negatively correlated with the risk perception (r=-0.252).Conclusion The hospital nursing managers should pay attention to the influencing factors of mental resilience in the emergency department nurses and fo-cus on three major types of risks affecting physical function,time and occupational exposure of the emergency department nurses to improve the working environment of emergency nursing.

Objective:To compare the diagnostic value of Copenhagen index (CPH-I), serum carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125), human epididymis protein 4 (HE4), and risk of ovarian malignancy algorithm (ROMA) for diagnosis of ovarian cancer in premenopausal and postmenopausal women.Methods:The clinical data of 239 patients with ovarian tumor treated in People's Hospital of Rizhao in Shandong Province from January 2017 to January 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into ovarian benign disease group (152 cases) and ovarian cancer group (87 cases) according to postoperative pathology. The receiver-operating characteristic curve (ROC) was drawn with surgical pathology as the gold standard; the area under the curve (AUC) and the sensitivity and specificity of CPH-I, CA125, HE4, ROMA were calculated. The diagnostic performance of CA125, HE4, ROMA and CPH-I for diagnosis of ovarian cancer was compared in overall, premenopausal and postmenopausal patients.Results:The CA125 level, HE4 level, ROMA index, and CPH-I predicted probability (PP) values of ovarian cancer group were higher than those of ovarian benign disease group, and the differences were statistically significant (all P < 0.01). The AUC of CA125, HE4, ROMA, and CPH-I in the overall patients was 0.935 (95% CI 0.896-0.963), 0.940 (95% CI 0.901-0.966), 0.964 (95% CI0.932-0.984), 0.964 (95% CI 0.932-0.984); the AUC differences of CA125 and ROMA, CA125 and CPH-I (PP values), HE4 and ROMA, HE4 and CPH-I PP values were statistically significant (P values were 0.036, 0.009, 0.018, 0.019). The AUC of HE4, ROMA, and CPH-I in the premenopausal patients was 0.947 (95% CI 0.896-0.978), 0.949 (95% CI 0.898-0.979), 0.944 (95% CI 0.893-0.976), which were all larger than AUC of CA125 (0.921) (95% CI 0.863-0.960), the differences were statistically significant (P values were 0.036, 0.036, 0.026); AUC of CA125, ROMA, CPH-I PP values in postmenopausal patients was 0.953 (95% CI 0.891-0.986), 0.947 (95% CI 0.882-0.982), 0.943 (95% CI 0.877-0.980), all of which were larger than AUC of HE4 (0.889) (95% CI 0.810-0.944), and the differences were statistically significant (P values were 0.029, 0.014, 0.015). Conclusions:The diagnostic efficacy of CPH-I and ROMA for ovarian cancer is comparable, and regardless of menopause or not, the diagnostic efficacy of CPH-I and ROMA is higher. The diagnostic efficacy of CPH-I and ROMA for ovarian cancer is better than that of CA125 and HE4 in overall patients, the diagnostic efficacy of CA125 is the lowest in premenopausal patients, and the diagnostic efficacy of HE4 is the lowest in postmenopausal patients.

Environmental chemical pollutants are increasing, which brings various harms to human health. Epigenetics may be an important medium between exposure to environmental chemical contaminants and adverse health effects. Many environmental chemical pollutant exposures can regulate gene expression and promote disease occurrence and development through epigenetic mechanisms. This review outlines the mechanisms of epigenetics and the latest research advances in exposure and epigenetics of several environmental chemical substances (heavy metal arsenic, bisphenol A, dioctyl phthalate and benzene). To further understand and study the relationship between environmental chemical pollutant exposures and epigenetics in order to elucidate the mechanisms of disease occurrence and development.

Environmental chemical pollutants are increasing, which brings various harms to human health. Epigenetics may be an important medium between exposure to environmental chemical contaminants and adverse health effects. Many environmental chemical pollutant exposures can regulate gene expression and promote disease occurrence and development through epigenetic mechanisms. This review outlines the mechanisms of epigenetics and the latest research advances in exposure and epigenetics of several environmental chemical substances (heavy metal arsenic, bisphenol A, dioctyl phthalate and benzene). To further understand and study the relationship between environmental chemical pollutant exposures and epigenetics in order to elucidate the mechanisms of disease occurrence and development.

Objective To detect the red blood cell lifespan in patients with polycythemia vera (PV), and explore the influencing factors. Methods From February 2017 to December 2018, 27 patients with PV at Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and 18 normal controls were recruited. Red blood cell lifespan was detected by endogenous carbon monoxide (CO) breath test. The related factors were analyzed. Results The average red blood cell lifespan of 27 PV patients was 80 (range, 35-120) days (d), which was significantly shorter than that of the normal controls [110.5(69-166) d, P<0.05], namely 35.3 d shorter. The red blood cell lifespan of ten newly diagnosed patients and 17 patients who were treated with hydroxyurea and/or interferon were 98 (35-117) d and 69 (45-120) d, respectively, which were both shorter than that of the normal control (P=0.010, 0.000). Correlation analysis showed that red blood cell lifespan of patients with newly diagnosed PV was associated with JAK2 mutation allele burden (r=0.900, P=0.037), peripheral blood lymphocyte count (r=-0.742, P=0.014) and the level of serum vitamin B12 (r=-0.821, P=0.023). Conclusion The lifespan of red blood cells in patients with PV is about one?third shorter than normal, and is related to JAK2 mutation allele burden, absolute lymphocyte count, and serum vitamin B12 level.

Objective: To detect the red blood cell lifespan in patients with polycythemia vera (PV), and explore the influencing factors. Methods: From February 2017 to December 2018, 27 patients with PV at Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and 18 normal controls were recruited. Red blood cell lifespan was detected by endogenous carbon monoxide (CO) breath test. The related factors were analyzed. Results: The average red blood cell lifespan of 27 PV patients was 80 (range, 35-120) days (d), which was significantly shorter than that of the normal controls [110.5(69-166) d, P<0.05], namely 35.3 d shorter. The red blood cell lifespan of ten newly diagnosed patients and 17 patients who were treated with hydroxyurea and/or interferon were 98 (35-117) d and 69 (45-120) d, respectively, which were both shorter than that of the normal control (P=0.010, 0.000). Correlation analysis showed that red blood cell lifespan of patients with newly diagnosed PV was associated with JAK2 mutation allele burden (r=0.900, P=0.037), peripheral blood lymphocyte count (r=-0.742, P=0.014) and the level of serum vitamin B₁₂ (r=-0.821, P=0.023). Conclusion The lifespan of red blood cells in patients with PV is about one-third shorter than normal, and is related to JAK2 mutation allele burden, absolute lymphocyte count, and serum vitamin B₁₂ level.

Objective To investigate the diagnosis value of ROC curve on the serum cystatin C (CysC) of early renal function injury in patients with essential hypertension.Methods 290 cases of essential hypertension persons were divided into two groups by the results of urinary Albumin/Creatinine ratio(ACR).The diagnostic cut-off value was determined by ROC curve.Results When the cut-off value was 1.22,the ROC curve had the largest area under the curve(AUC) of 0.944,the sensitivity was 92％,specificity was 89.36％,the positive predictive value was 90.2％ and the negative predictive value was 91.3％.Conclusion The value of serum Cys C which is higher than 1.22 mg/1 can be used as important indicator for early diagnosis of kidney injury in patients with essential hypertension.

Objective To investigate whether transcatheter renal sympathetic denervation (RSD) by radiofrequency ablation interfere with the development of left ventricular (LV) mechanical dyssynchrony during the progression of heart failure (HF).Methods Nineteen beagles were randomly divided into sham-operated group (six dogs),control group (seven dogs),and RSD group (six dogs).Sham-operated group were implanted with pacemakers without pacing;Control group were implanted with pacemakers and underwent 3 weeks of rapid right ventricular pacing;and RSD group underwent catheter-based RSD bilaterally and were simultaneously implanted with pacemakers.LV dyssynchrony was analyzed via 2D speckle-tracking strain echocardiography to evaluate LV function.Longitudinal dyssynchrony was determined as the standard deviation for time-to-peak speckle-tracking strain on apical 4-and 2-chamber views.Radial and circumferential dyssynchrony was determined as the standard deviation for time-to-peak speckle-tracking strain in mid-and base-LV short-axis views.LV systolic pressure (LVSP) and LV end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) were measured.The LV interstitial fibrosis was determined by histological analysis.Results After 3 weeks,all of the dogs in both the control and RSD groups showed greater LV end-diastolic volume compared with the sham-operated group;however,the dogs in the RSD group had a higher LV ejection fraction (LVEF) than the dogs in the control group (P ＜0.001).The LV systolic strains were higher in the RSD group than in the control group (P ＜0.001 for longitudinal,circumferential and radial strain,respectively).The levels of LV dyssynchrony were lower in the RSD group than in the control group (P ＜ 0.001 for longitudinal,circumferential and radial dyssynchrony,respectively).Compared with control group,RSD group had lower LV end-diastolic pressures and less fibrous tissue.Conclusions RSD inhibites the development of left ventricular mechanical dyssynchrony during the progression of heart failure in dogs.