Objective:To analyze the trend of mortality rate and disability-adjusted life year (DALY) of colorectal cancer attributable to dietary risk factors from 1990 to 2019 in China.Methods:Mortality rate and DALY rate of colorectal cancer attributable to dietary risk factors (diet high in processed meat, diet high in red meat, diet low in calcium, diet in low in fiber, diet low in milk, diet low in whole grains, dietary risks) were collected from the Global Burden of Disease study 2019 (GBD2019). Joinpoint regression model was selected to analyze the trend and an age-period-cohort model was used to estimate the effects of age, period and birth cohort.Results:Joinpoint regression analysis showed that the age-standardized mortality rate and age-standardized DALY rate of colorectal cancer attributable to diet high in processed meat, diet high in red meat, diet low in milk, diet low in whole grains and dietary risks showed an upward trend ( P<0.05) from 1990 to 2019, while those attributable to diet low in calcium and diet low in fiber showed a downward trend ( P<0.05). The mortality rate and DALY rate of colorectal cancer attributable to diet high in processed meat, diet high in red meat, diet low in milk, diet low in whole grains and dietary risks in age groups from 65 to 79 years showed a quicker upward trend than those in age groups from 25 to 64 years. The mortality rate and DALY rate attributable to diet low in calcium and diet low in fiber in age groups from 65 to 79 years showed a slower downward trend than those in age groups from 25 to 64 years. The mortality rate and DALY rate of colorectal cancer attributable to diet high in processed meat, diet high in red meat, diet low in calcium, diet low in fiber, diet low in milk, diet low in whole grains, and dietary risks increased with age after adjusting for period effect and cohort effect ( P<0.05). The mortality rate and DALY rate attributable to diet high in processed meat, diet high in red meat, diet low in calcium, diet low in milk, diet low in whole grains and dietary risks increased with period or cohort, while those attributable to diet low in fiber decreased with period or cohort. Period and cohort effect of dietary risk factors in this study were statistically significant ( P<0.001). Conclusions:Disease burden of colorectal cancer attributable to dietary risk factors in China showed an upward trend in general. Elderly population is high at risk and more attention should be paid to science popularization and education on dietary risk factors in prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer.

Objective:To explore the correlations between serum TNF-α, IL-6, hs-CRP levels and body composition in obese children and adolescents.Methods:A total of 105 obese children and adolescents attending the Department of Clinical Nutrition, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from April 2020 to January 2022 were investigated for serum inflammatory factors(TNF-α, IL-6 and hs-CRP)and body composition(waist-to-hip ratio, waist-to-height ratio, BMI, body fat mass, percent body fat, fat free mass, percent of fat free mass, skeletal muscle mass, percent of skeletal muscle mass and obesity degree). And based on serum inflammatory factors, they were divided into elevated TNF-α group( n=49)and normal TNF-α group( n=56), elevated IL-6 group( n=13)and normal IL-6 group( n=92)and elevated hs-CRP group( n=44)and normal hs-CRP group( n=61), respectively. Results:TNF-α was positively correlated with percent body fat( r=0.224, P=0.022), while negatively correlated with percent of fat free mass( r=-0.226, P=0.021). IL-6 was positively correlated with waist-to-hip ratio, waist-to-height ratio, BMI, body fat mass, percent body fat, and obesity degree( r=0.197, 0.370, 0.303, 0.257, 0.325, 0.348, all P<0.05), while negatively correlated with percent of fat free mass and percent of skeletal muscle mass( r=-0.316, -0.223, all P<0.05). And hs-CRP was positively correlated with BMI, body fat mass, and obesity degree( r=0.261, 0.220, 0.244, all P<0.05), while negatively correlated with percent of fat free mass( r=-0.194, P=0.047). Conclusion:Serum TNF-α, IL-6 and hs-CRP may be correlated with body composition in obese children and adolescents.

ObjectiveTo analyze factors related to the suspected allergic reaction of elememe emulsion injection based on hospital information system. MethodData on cases that used elememe emulsion injection were collected from the information systems of 60 first-class hospitals nationwide. The nested case-control design method was adopted. Finally， 30 cases were included in the suspected allergy group and 120 cases in the control group. SAS 9.3 was employed for descriptive analysis of the gender， age， occupation， admission route， conditions of patients at the admission， and the diagnosis with frequency and percentage. The factors affecting the occurrence of suspected allergic reaction were analyzed by conventional logistic regression and propensity score weighted logistic regression. In the case that the number of independent variables was larger than the sample number， MCP （minimax concave penalty） was used to screen the key variables and the conditions of patients at admission， conditions of patients during hospitalization， hospital stay， diagnostic information， and medication information were compared between two groups. ResultThe male-to-female ratio was about 2∶1 in both groups and most of the patients were 46-65 years old. Patients in the control group were mainly "professional and technical personnel"， and the majority in the suspected allergy group were "business and service personnel" and "clerks and related personnel". They were mainly admitted at the outpatient and conditions of patients were average at the admission. Compared with the control group， suspected allergy group showed severe conditions during the hospitalization， short average hospital stay， large proportion with intravenous infusion， and low cure rate and effective rate. The results of logistic regression analysis showed no statistical difference in conditions of patients at admission， hospital stay， combined diseases， medicine dosage， and treatment course. ConclusionThe suspected allergic reaction of elememe emulsion injection mainly occurs in the first administration with rapid onset even with the dose lower than the commonly used one. The occurrence is related to the intravenous infusion and the severe conditions of patients during hospitalization and has nothing to do with the conditions of patients at admission， hospital stay， treatment course， use of other medicines， and diagnostic information. In summary， it is mainly related to the constitution and immune status of patients.

Breastfeeding plays a crucial role in the early and even later health of offspring.Epidermal growth factor(EGF)in breast milk is one of growth factor family members, which can regulate energy balance and is closely related to the growth and development of infants.In recent years, researchers at home and abroad have paid close attention to the research of EGF in breast milk.The paper summarizes the basic situation of EGF, and the content, the influencing factors, the main functions of EGF in breast milk and the risk relationship between EGF in breast milk and diseases, in order to point out the direction for further research of EGF in breast milk.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of wax therapy for diabetic peripheral neuropathy, in order to provide suggestions for treatment and prevention.Methods Cochrane Library, JBI, PubMed, EMbase, CBM, CNKI, WANFANG DATA, VIP were searched by computer from inception to October, 2016 for randomized control trails in wax therapy for diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Two researchers searched and selected articles independently and the quality was assessed in accordance with Cochrane Manual. The articles were analyzed with Review Manager 5.3, and the evidence quality was assessed with GRADE profiler 3.6.1 software.Results A total of 8 randomized controlled trials were included. The number of literature quality grade A of original research is 3, while the number of literature quality grade B of original research is 4,and the number of literature quality grade C of original research is 1. Meta-analysis showed that the sensory nervus peronaeus conduction velocities improved by wax therapy for diabetic peripheral neuropathy patients,[MD=2.51, 95%CI(1.35,3.66), P<0.01]. By the GRADE system grading, the evidence quality is moderate.Conclusions The effect of wax therapy for diabetic peripheral neuropathy can improve the sensory nurve conduction velocities and speed of blood circle, so as to prevent ulcer of diabetic feet. Therefore, the clinical curative effects of the therapy require large-sample and high quality studies to confirm.

Objective To investigate the association between activity energy expenditure ( AEE ) and body composition in school-age children.Methods A total of 62 students ( Grades 3 and 4, aged 8 -10 years) from a primary school in Shanghai were enrolled in this study .AEE was estimated with a metabolic cart (energy metabolism determination system ).Body composition (body mass, body mass index, fat percentage, fat mass, fat-free mass, fat mass index, fat-free mass index, obesity degree) was evaluated by bioelectrical im-pedance analysis .The above indicators were compared between obese and non-obese students .Results There were no statistically significant differences in exercise time , total AEE and relative AEE between obese and non-obese boys [ (9.70 ±1.91) min vs.(10.00 ±1.97) min, t=0.336, P=0.739; (198.74 ±53.33) kJ vs.(171.54 ±41.75) kJ, t =-1.422, P =0.165; (0.46 ±0.09) kJ/(min· kg) vs.(0.51 ± 0.04) kJ/(min· kg), t=2.043, P=0.051], while obese boys had higher absolute AEE than non-obese boys [(20.06 ±3.14) kJ/min vs.(16.93 ±1.85) kJ/min, t=-2.910, P=0.007].Obese girls had shor-ter exercise time and lower relative AEE than non-obese girls [ (7.35 ±3.05) min vs.(9.98 ±1.82) min, t=2.509, P=0.027;(0.41 ±0.09) kJ/(min· kg) vs.(0.51 ±0.07) kJ/(min· kg), t=3.244, P=0.003 ] , whereas there were no statistically significant differences in total AEE and absolute AEE between obese and non-obese girls [ (129.29 ±71.13) kJ vs.(161.50 ±35.38) kJ, t =1.351, P =0.203; (16.82 ± 3.26) kJ/min vs.(16.17 ±2.00) kJ/min, t=-0.676, P=0.504].After controlling for age and gender, absolute AEE was significantly positively correlated with body mass index ( P=0.015 ) , obesity degree ( P=0.010), fat mass (P=0.047), fat-free mass (P=0.010), and fat-free mass index (P=0.003) in boys, but not in girls.Relative AEE was significantly negatively correlated with body mass index ( boys: P =0.000, girls: P=0.000), obesity degree (boys: P=0.002, girls: P=0.000), fat percentage (boys:P=0.000, girls:P=0.001), fat mass (boys:P=0.000, girls:P=0.000), fat-free mass (boys: P=0.002 , girls: P=0.022 ) , and fat mass index ( boys: P=0.000 , girls: P =0.000 ) in both boys and girls.Conclusions In obese children, AEE is correlated with body composition, with relative AEE reducing as obesity degree increasing.There may be complex relationships among body size , body composition, and energy metabolism in children.

Objective To survey the nutritional status and nutritional knowledge,attitude and practice (KAP) of primary and middle school teachers in Shanghai,and to study the possible correlation of nutritional KAP with overweight/obesity and obesity-related complications.Method Using stratified cluster random sampling,a questionnaire survey was conducted among 544 hygiene teachers and 150 non-hygiene teachers selected from all primary and middle schools in all districts in Shanghai,investigating the nutritional status and nutritional KAP in this population.Results The prevalence of overweight/obesity and obesity-related complications were significantly lower in hygiene teachers than in non-hygiene teachers (19.81％ vs.38.15％,t =22.303,P=0.000; 18.6％ vs.26.39％,t =4.156,P=0.047).The attitude score was the highest among the 3 surveyed parts,significantly higher than the lowest,which was practice score (hygiece teachers:91.76 ±13.66 vs.74.42±11.61,t=14.595,P=0.000; non-hygiene teachers:85.67 ±18.77 vs.69.88 ±13.30,t =25.400,P =0.000).Hygiene teachers scored significantly higher than non-hygiene teachers in all the 3 parts of KAP (knowledge:84.43 ± 11.98 vs.75.73 ± 16.82,t =5.822,P =0.000; attitude:91.76 ± 13.66 vs.85.67±18.77,t =3.640,P=0.000; practice:74.42 ±11.61 vs.69.88 ±13.30,t =4.030,P=0.000).There was no correlation between the teachers' body mass index and KAP scores,nor between obesityrelated complications and knowledge or attitude scores,while obesity-related complications was found correlated with practice score and KAP score (t =-0.146,P =0.005 ; t =-0.105,P =0.043).Conclusions The nutritional status of teachers in Shanghai primary and middle schools is associated with their nutritional KAP.There is a correlation between obesity-related complications and practice score.Hygiene teachers have better nutritional KAP compared with non-hygiene teachers.

Objective To describe aerobic capacity and body composition of school-aged children in Shanghai and explore the potential relationship between body composition and aerobic capacity.Methods Totally 63 school-aged children in Shanghai were measured for height,weight,fat percentage (FAT％),and fat-free mass (FFM).Body composition was estimated from bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA).Body mass index (BMI),fat mass index (FMI),and fat-free mass index (FFMI) were calculated.Aerobic capacity (VO2max and the maximum oxygen pulse) were measured using the COSMED fitmate metabolic systems (combined heart rate and cycling test).Results The boys who were obese or overweight had both higher absolute value of VO2max and lower relative values of VO2max than other boys [(1 038.50 ± 157.93) ml/min vs (923.90±82.03) ml/min,F=4.812,P=0.005; (23.62±4.22) ml/ (kg· min) vs (27.75 ±2.41) ml/ (kg · min),F =5.633,P =0.002].The girls who were obese or overweight tended to have higher absolute value of VO2max [(966.70 ± 131.22) ml/min vs (892.55 ± 108.71) ml/min] and lower relative values of VO2 max [(23.84 ± 4.30) ml/ (kg · min) vs (28.09 ± 4.52) ml/ (kg · min)] than other girls.After controlling for age,the relative VO2max values were negatively associated with body mass index (BMI),degree of obesity,FAT％,FM,FFM,FMI,FFMI (boys:r =-0.675,P ＜ 0.000 1 ; r =-0.634,P＜0.000 1; r=-0.667,P＜0.000 1; r=-0.726,P＜0.000 1; r=-0.594,P＜0.000 1;r=-0.686,P＜0.000 1; r=-0.456,P=0.010; girls:r=-0.651,P ＜0.000 1; r=-0.552,P=0.002; r=-0.527,P=0.003; r=-0.633,P＜0.000 1; r=-0.520,P=0.004; r=-0.579,P=0.001 ; r =-0.597,P =0.001).In boys,the maximum oxygen pulse was positively correlated with BMI,FFM,and FFMI (r =0.358,P=0.048; r =0.543,P=0.002; r =0.554,P=0.001); in girls,the maximum oxygen pulse was positively correlated with FFM and FFMI (r =0.378,P =0.043 ; r =0.449,P =0.014).Conclusions Aerobic capacity is associated with body composition in school-aged children.Higher degree of obesity is associated with poorer aerobic capacity.Maximum oxygen pulse is also associated with FFM.

OBJECTIVETo develop a GC method to determine the content of caryophyllene in Eupatorium fortune.

METHODThe samples were determined on a DB-1701 (0.32 mm x 30 m, 0.25 microm) quartz capillary column. And the sample was extracted with ethanol by the ultrasonic assisted extraction.

RESULTThe calibration curve of caryophyllene is liner over the range of 0.002-2.0 g x L (-1) (R2 = 1). The recovery was from 96.76% to 104.15%.

CONCLUSIONThe method is accurate, simple with a good reproducibility. It can be used to control the quality of E. fortune.