Objective: To analyze the unregistered treatment situation and its influencing factors among pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Quzhou City, Zhejiang Province from 2017 to 2023, so as to provide a basis for promoting the management of tuberculosis patients and optimizing disease prevention and control strategies. Methods: Data of pulmonary tuberculosis patients including demographic information, etiological results, and mortality status were collected through the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System Infectious Disease Reporting and Surveillance System and the Tuberculosis Management Information System. Pulmonary tuberculosis patients not matched in the Tuberculosis Management Information System were defined as unregistered treatment patients, and the unregistered treatment rate was analyzed. Factors affecting unregistered treatment among pulmonary tuberculosis patients were analyzed using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: A total of 10 779 pulmonary tuberculosis patients were reported in Quzhou City from 2017 to 2023, including 7 700 males (71.44%) and 3 079 females (28.56%). There were 5 484 cases aged <65 years, accounting for 50.88%. Among them, 630 cases were unregistered treatment, with an unregistered treatment rate of 5.84% (95%CI: 5.42%-6.38%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed pulmonary tuberculosis patients aged ≥65 years (OR=1.829, 95%CI: 1.512-2.212) had a higher risk of being unregistered treatment than those aged <65 years; patients with non-local household registration (OR=5.710, 95%CI: 4.724-6.901) had a higher risk than local patients; and patients engaged in housework/unemployed (OR=2.001, 95%CI: 1.421-2.818) or other occupations (OR=2.396, 95%CI: 1.789-3.137) had a higher risk than farmers. The mortality of unregistered treatment pulmonary tuberculosis patients was higher than the registered treatment patients (26.67% vs. 5.02%),with a significantly elevated mortality risk (OR=7.147, 95%CI: 5.738-8.902). Conclusions The unregistered treatment rate among pulmonary tuberculosis patients was well controlled in Quzhou City from 2017 to 2023, but the elderly, patients with non-local household registration, and those engaged in housework/unemployed had a higher risk of unregistered treatment. It is recommended to improve medical and social security policies, strengthen health education on tuberculosis prevention, enhance treatment adherence, and reduce mortality risk.

Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) is a noninvasive MR post-processing technique that can quantitatively analyze tissue magnetic susceptibility, which has important value in early diagnosis and assessment of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD). In recent years, QSM has gradually been applied in clinical neuroimaging both domestically and internationally, becoming a new hotspot. This review focuses on the principle and classification of QSM, application of QSM in the gray matter microstructure, white matter microstructure, venous oxygen saturation assessment, cerebral microhemorrhage and cognitive function assessment of CSVD, so as to provide new perspective for its neuroimaging evaluation.

Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is a clinical condition resulting from lesions in the small blood vessels within the brain. Cause and mechanism of CSVD are intricate, and early diagnosis and specific treatment are currently lacking in clinical practice. This paper presents a synthesis of recent methodologies for creating animal models of CSVD, as well as a compilation of imaging and biological markers for CSVD early diagnosis. Additionally, the article reviews intervention strategies that target crucial pathways in the development of CSVD, aiming to offer novel insights into early diagnosis and intervention techniques for CSVD.

Stroke has become the leading cause of disability and death in China. At present, intravenous thrombolysis is one of the most effective treatment for acute ischemic stroke, but not all patients can benefit from intravenous thrombolysis. In recent years, the exploration of predictive models for the outcomes after intravenous thrombolysis in patients with acute ischemic stroke has attracted increasing attention. This article systematically reviews the scoring models for predicting the functional outcome, death and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage after intravenous thrombolysis in patients with acute ischemic stroke, with the aim of screening the scoring system suitable for clinical application and providing reference for the clinical diagnosis, evaluation and treatment of acute ischemic stroke.

ObjectiveFocused on the laboratory animal domestication and breeding of domestic cats, to explore the feeding management methods and breeding techniques of experimental cats. MethodsSeven Chinese garden cats from three litters were introduced from the rural suburbs of Guangzhou, and a breeding seed colony was established. The cats were domesticated in captivity, bred, closed breeding and transmission according to the feeding and management methods of laboratory animal. The population reproduction, the number of pregnancies per year, the litter season, the birth and weaning quality of the cats, and the survival rate of weaning were statistically collected. ResultsThe young breeding cats were able to adapt to the cage feeding management. In the transmission breeding and the expanded breeding colony, the number of female cats pregnant with one, two or three litters a year accounted for 63.2%, 26.3% and 10.5%, respectively. The proportions of litters born from the 1st to the 4th quarters were 20.7%, 20.7%, 27.6%, and 31.0%. A total of 29 pregnancies and 101 kittens were got from 19 female cats, with an average of (3.5±1.33) kittens per litter. The birth weights of female and male cats were (89.31±13.69) g and (93.47±15.12) g, respectively. Sixty-seven kittens survived from weaning. The average survival rate was 60.86%, and the weaning weights of female and male cats were (361.62±82.77) g and (376.0±91.71) g, respectively. ConclusionDomestic Chinese garden cats can adapt to laboratory animal feeding and breeding rules, and have strong fertility. They can normally pregnant and breeding throughout the year. The kittens grow to 5-6 months of age can meet the weight requirements for the examination of pharmaceutical hypotensive substances, and can be used as experimental cats for pharmaceutical examination with clear origin.

Arterial spin labeling imaging (ASL) is a noninvasive, quantitative magnetic resonance perfusion imaging technique with unique values in early diagnosis, lesion assessment, and prognoses of cerebral small vessel diseases. This paper reviews the principle and classification of ASL, characteristics and essential parameters of ASL, new techniques of ASL, and application of ASL in evaluating, treating and prognosing cerebral small vessel diseases, to evaluate and prevent cerebral small vessel diseases.

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of No ha la hu(Mongolian medicine abdominal massage)combined with Ni ru ha(Mongolian medicine enema)in the treatment of incomplete intestinal obstruction.Methods A total of 80 patients with incomplete intestinal obstruction admitted to the department of emergency and critical care medicine of Inner Mongolia International Mongolian Hospital from April 2020 to April 2022 were selected as the study objects,they were randomly divided into control group and observation group,40 cases in each group.The control group was treated with routine modern medicine,and the observation group was treated with mongolian medicine No ha la hu combined with Ni ru ha on the basis of routine treatment.Specific methods:the patient supine position,both lower limbs flexion,natural calm breathing,the doctor stands on the patient's right side,applies a little butter to the palm of his hand,rub hands,massages the abdomen with the middle finger and ring finger at acupoints such as ileocecal point,small intestine point,small intestine point,small intestine point and lower clockwise direction point.Massage the abdomen with the palm for about 20 minutes,once a day for 3 days.No ha la hu was given after the treatment of Ni ru ha(Rhubarb 250 g,Cold water stone 150 g,Sanai 100 g,Facial alkali 100 g,Hyacinth 50 g,Terminalia chebula 50 g),the patients should lie on the left side,raise the buttocks about 10 cm,insert the enema into the rectum 15-20 cm,take the Mongolian medicine Liuweian powder 12 g and warm water 50-100 mL for enema,once a day for 3 days.The difference of relieving time of abdominal pain and distension,time of exhaustion,time of fasting,and time of hospital stay between the two groups were compared,and the clinical effect was observed.Results Relieving time of abdominal pain,abdominal distension,time of exhaust and time of hospital stay in the observation group were significantly shorter than those in the control group[abdominal pain relief time(hours):5.3±1.8 vs.8.1±1.6,abdominal distension relief time(hours):3.2±1.5 vs.6.5±1.9,time of exhaust(days):2.6±1.7 vs.4.1±2.1,hospital stay(days):8.3±2.9 vs.10.1±2.1,all P<0.05],time of fasting in the observation group were shorter than those in the control group(days:2.9±0.5 vs.3.1±0.6,the difference was not statistically significant(all P>0.05).The effective rate of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group[92.5％(37/40)vs.75.0％(30/40),P<0.05].Conclusion On the basis of routine treatment of western medicine,the treatment of incomplete intestinal obstruction by Mongolian medicine No ha la hu combined with Ni ru ha is more effective,which can effectively restore gastrointestinal function,relieve abdominal pain and other symptoms,and shorten the time of exhaust.

Objective:To investigate the key factors of renal damage in patients with primary Sj?gren′s syndrome (pSS), to construct a risk prediction model.Methods:Clinical data of 419 pSS inpatients in the Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital from 2017 to 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were randomly divided into the model group (315 cases) and the validation group (104 cases) in a 3∶1 ratio by R software randomized package. T test was used in accordance with the normal measurement data, Chi square test was used for counting data, and Kruskal-Wallis H and Mann-Whitney U test were used for non-normal distributed data. A nomogram model was created based on independent factors of renal damage by using LASSO Cox regression analysis, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, calibration curve and decision curve analysis (DCA) were applied to evaluate the sensitivity, accuracy and clinical practicability of the model. Results:Renal impairment occurred in 127 (30.3%)pSS patients, including 89 (70.1%) cases with renal insufficiency, 86 cases with hematuria (67.7%), 107 cases with proteinuria (84.2%) and 49 cases with renal tubular acidosis. Compared with those without renal damage, patients with renal damage had a longer course of disease [3.00 (1.00, 8.00) years vs 1.00 (0.30, 5.00) years; Z=2.33, P=0.005], presence of fatigue [35.1% (33/94) vs 23.5% (52/221), Z=4.49, P=0.038], decreased blood cells count [white blood cell 4.50(3.30, 6.75)×10 9/L vs 5.40(3.70, 8.05)×10 9/L, Z=2.02, P=0.043; hemoglobin 99.00(79.00, 111.00)g/L vs 120.00 (109.00, 128.00)g/L, Z=6.59, P<0.001; platelet 152.00 (89.25, 204.25)×10 9/L vs 188.00 (117.99, 241.00)×10 9/L, Z=2.61, P=0.009], stronger inflammatory reactions [ESR 48.50 (29.75, 86.25)mm/1 h vs 26.00 (11.00, 52.00)mm/1 h, Z=5.83, P<0.001; CRP 5.80 (3.40, 18.45)mg/L vs 4.40 (2.60, 11.40) mg/L, Z=2.33, P=0.020] and higher positive rate for anti-SSA/B antibodies [79.79%(75/94) vs 61.99%(137/221), χ2=9.49, P=0.002; 37.23%(35/94) vs 18.10%(40/221), χ2=13.31, P<0.001], but relatively less pulmonary involvement [20.2%(19/94) vs 33.9%(75/221), χ2=5.93, P=0.016], the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). Lasso binary logistics regression analysis showed that EULAR Sj?gren′s syndrome disease activity index score >9[ OR(95% CI)=9.019(3.294, 24.689), P<0.001], dry eye[ OR(95% CI)=2.853(1.502, 5.422), P=0.011], anemia[ OR(95% CI)=3.819(1.913, 7.626), P<0.001], low complement C3 level[ OR(95% CI)=2.453(1.233, 4.879), P=0.011]and hypoalbuminemia [ OR(95% CI) =6.898 (3.007, 15.821), P<0.001] as well as C-reactive protein [ OR (95% CI)=2.168 (1.136, 4.139), P=0.019] were significant related factors of renal impairment. The AUC (95% CI) of the prediction group and the validation group were 0.851 (0.806, 0.896) and 0.832 (0.742, 0.922), respectively, and the model plot and DCA showed that the model had good specificity and clinical efficacy. Conclusion:We propose a new nomogram model with good differentiation and calibration to assist in clinical screening of renal damage in pSS.

Objective To explore the relationship between optic nerve tissue thickness and enlarged perivascular space(EPVS)in patients with recent small subcortical infarct(RSSI).Methods A total of 72 RSSI patients admitted to Department of Neurology of Changzhou Second People's Hospital affiliated to Nanjing Medical University from November 2021 to December 2022 were re-cruited in this study.All patients underwent cranial MRI,optical coherence tomography(OCT)and fundus photography.The thickness of retinal nerve fiber layer(RNFL)and ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer(GCL-IPL)were measured by software semi-automatic segmentation,and fundus lesions such as fundus hemorrhage and exudation were observed through fundus photography.The severity of EPVS was graded by visual quantitative evaluation,and then the patients were divided into no to mild EPVS group(32 cases)and moderate to severe EPVS group(40 cases).Basal gan-glia EPVS(BG-EPVS)and semioval center EPVS(CSO-EPVS)were further graded and grouped into no to mild BG-EPVS group(31 cases)and moderate and severe BG-EPVS group(41 cases),and no to mild CSO-EPVS group(39 cases)and moderate and severe CSO-EPVS group(33 cases).The clinical data of each group were compared separately.Results There were statistical differences in age,ratio of hypertension and thicknesses of RNFL and GCL-IPL between the no to mild EPVS group and the moderate to severe EPVS group(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),between the no to mild BG-EPVS and the moderate to severe BG-EPVS group(P＜0.01).Multivariate logistic re-gression analysis showed that age(OR=1.207,95％CI:1.028-1.416,P=0.021),hypertension(OR=7.264,95％CI:1.079-11.929,P=0.042),RNFL thickness(OR=0.753,95％CI:0.617-0.915,P=0.004)and GCL-IPL thickness(OR=0.848,95％CI:0.758-0.949,P=0.004)were independent factors of BG-EPVS grade.Spearman correlation analysis indicated that the thicknes-ses of RNFL and GCL-IPL were negatively correlated with BG-EPVS grade(r=-0.571,r=-0.649,P＜0.01).Conclusion RNFL and GCL-IPL thicknesses are independent factors for BG-EPVS grade and negatively correlated with BG-EPVS grade.OCT has important clinical value in assessing the severity of EPVS lesions in RSSI patients.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between osteoarthritis and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)/depression among rural middle-aged and elderly people in Bayannur, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.Methods:From 2016 to 2018, a one-to-one interview questionnaire survey was conducted among 832 rural middle-aged and elderly people aged 45 or above in Bayannur. Logistic regression model was used to explore the relationship between osteoarthritis and GAD/depression.Results:Of 832 rural middle-aged and elderly participants, 28.73% (239/832) were diagnosed with osteoarthritis. The risk of GAD and depression increased by 71% [adjusted odds ratio ( AOR): 1.71, 95% confidence interval ( CI): 1.12 - 2.60] and 68% ( AOR: 1.68, 95% CI: 1.10 - 2.58), respectively, in patients with osteoarthritis compared with those without osteoarthritis. Conclusions:The prevalence of osteoarthritis is high among the middle-aged and elderly people in Bayannur, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Osteoarthritis may increase the risk of GAD/depression. It is necessary to take corresponding intervention measures to prevent the occurrence of osteoarthritis to reduce GAD/depression.