Cemental tear is a rare and indetectable condition unless obvious clinical signs present with the involvement of surrounding periodontal and periapical tissues. Due to its clinical manifestations similar to common dental issues, such as vertical root fracture, primary endodontic diseases, and periodontal diseases, as well as the low awareness of cemental tear for clinicians, misdiagnosis often occurs. The critical principle for cemental tear treatment is to remove torn fragments, and overlooking fragments leads to futile therapy, which could deteriorate the conditions of the affected teeth. Therefore, accurate diagnosis and subsequent appropriate interventions are vital for managing cemental tear. Novel diagnostic tools, including cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), microscopes, and enamel matrix derivatives, have improved early detection and management, enhancing tooth retention. The implementation of standardized diagnostic criteria and treatment protocols, combined with improved clinical awareness among dental professionals, serves to mitigate risks of diagnostic errors and suboptimal therapeutic interventions. This expert consensus reviewed the epidemiology, pathogenesis, potential predisposing factors, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of cemental tear, aiming to provide a clinical guideline and facilitate clinicians to have a better understanding of cemental tear.
Humans ; Dental Cementum/injuries* ; Consensus ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography ; Tooth Fractures/therapy*

Objective To investigate the feasibility,safety and efficacy of transcatheter drug-loaded microsphere embolization(DLME)in treating patients with advanced bladder cancer with bleeding(ABCB).Methods A total of 26 ABCB patients who underwent DLME for tumor supply arteries were retrospectively selected.The postoperative efficacy and related complications were observed.The recurrence of hematuria and survival situation were followed up.Results All 26 surgeries achieved success with a technical success rate of 100.0％.There were 21 cases(80.8％)of bilateral bladder artery embolism and 5 cases(19.2％)of unilateral bladder artery embolism.Three days after the operation,24 patients(92.3％)had hematuria remission.And the other two patients(7.7％)had no hematuria remission,they were relieved after interventional embolization again.Compared with that before operation,the blood transfusion rate,blood transfusion volume,hematocrit and hemoglobin at one week after operation were significantly improved(P＜0.05).One month after the last intervention,there were 2 cases of complete response,19 cases of partial response,3 cases of stable disease,and 2 cases of progressive disease.The objective remission rate was 80.8％,and the disease control rate was 92.3％.Compared with that before operation,the T stage was significantly improved at one month after operation(P＜0.05).No patients had severe complications such as ectopic embolism.After follow-up for 3-36 months,5 cases(19.2％)had a recurrence of hematuria.Conclusion Transcatheter DLME is feasible,safe,and effective in the treatment of patients with ABCB.It is an optional,minimally invasive palliative measure.

Objective To explore the clinical effect of endovascular stent-graft exclusion in the treatment of acute Stanford B-type aortic dissection(AD)with distal left subclavian artery(LSA)rupture accompanied by arch intramural hematoma.Methods A total of 12 patients with acute AD treated by the endovascular stent-graft exclusion alone were retrospectively selected.All patients had primary rupture at the distal end of LSA with arch intramural hematoma and received endovascular treatment after 2 to 3 weeks of conservative treatment.The technique success rate and related complications were observed.Postoperative computed tomography angiography(CTA)of the aorta was reviewed to evaluate the remodeling of the true and false lumen,the absorption of the arch intramural hematoma,to observe whether there was a new rupture and endoleak,and to understand the position and shape of the stent and the blood supply of the branch arteries.Results All patients completed the operation with a technical success rate of 100％.Two patients partially blocked the opening of LSA,and one patient had type Ⅰ internal leakage after the operation,but the amount of internal leakage was small and was not treated.Other patients did not had serious complications such as aortic rupture,new rupture,paraplegia,stent displacement,stroke,upper limb ischemia or vertebral artery ischemia,internal leakage,and abdominal organ ischemia during and after the operation.The patients were followed up for 19 to 66 months,with an average follow-up of(36.7±13.9)months.During the follow-up period,no patient died.The aortic remodeling was satisfactory in all patients,the arch intramural hematoma was absorbed,and there were no new rupture,internal leakage,upper limb ischemia or vertebral artery ischemia,or other serious complications.One patient with type Ⅰ internal leakage showed no significant change in internal leakage after regular postoperative reexamination.Conclusion Endovascular stent-graft exclusion is safe and feasible in the treatment of acute AD patients with distal LSA rupture accompanied by arch intramural hematoma,and it is worth promoting and applying clinically.

The incidence of diabetes mellitus tends to increase, and clinical treatment is extremely challenging. Although drugs exert certain therapeutic effect on reducing blood glucose level, it remains impossible to achieve clinical cure of type 1 diabetes mellitus with a risk of blood glucose fluctuations. Islet cell transplantation is one of the efficacious methods to solve the problem of blood glucose fluctuation caused by insulin injection. However, there are several problems in the clinical practice of islet cell transplantation, including long time use of immunosuppressants in recipients and massive loss of pancreatic islet cells after transplantation, which limit its wide application in clinical practice. Islet cell encapsulation technology can reduce the loss of islet cells and decrease or eliminate the rejection, which is a key link to improve the survival of islet cells. In this article, the development course of islet cell encapsulation technology was briefly reviewed, the challenges in different islet cell encapsulation technologies were analyzed and subsequent research on this technology was projected, aiming to provide reference for promoting the development of islet cell.

Objective:To explore the effect of cholesterol on the expression of genes for matrix synthesis and degradation of human meniscal fibrochondrocytes and its mechanism.Methods:Meniscal tissue was taken from patients undergoing arthroscopic surgery to extract fibrochondrocytes. The cells were divided into a control group in which the normal cells were not processed, a positive control group in which interleukin-1 β was used to create a degeneration model, and 2 treatment groups which were subjected to treatment with 15 and 30 μg/mL cholesterol respectively. Safranin O staining, β-galactosidase staining and enzymic kits were used to detect the morphology and total cholesterol (TCH) content of meniscal fibrochondrocytes in the 4 groups. Immunofluorescence and western blot were used to detect the protein expression of type Ⅰcollagen precursor α1 (COL1A1) and type Ⅱ collagen precursor α1 (COL2A1). RT-qPCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of COL1A1, COL2A1, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 3, MMP9, MMP13, and genes related to cholesterol efflux pathways [like liver X receptor α (LXR α), ATP binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) and ABCG1]. Results:There was no significant difference between the control and the positive control groups in the TCH content in human meniscal fibrochondrocytes ( P>0.05). The treatments with 15 and 30 μg/mL cholesterol resulted in significantly increased TCH contents in human meniscal fibrochondrocytes in the treatment groups ( P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the mRNA expression of LXR α, ABCA1 and ABCG1 was significantly decreased in the treatment groups ( P<0.05), and the meniscal fibrochondrocytes in the positive group and the treatment groups presented with a lower density, chaotic distribution and obvious signs of degradation. Compared with the control groups, the mRNA expression of matrix synthesis genes (COL1A1 and COL2A1) in the meniscal fibrochondrocytes was significantly inhibited while the mRNA expression of matrix degradation metalloenzymes (MMP3, MMP9 and MMP13) was significantly promoted ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Cholesterol may inhibit the cholesterol efflux pathways of meniscal fibrochondrocytes, and thus cause accumulation of cholesterol in the meniscal fibrochondrocytes, eventually leading to degeneration of meniscus.

In order to verify the correlation between Polygonum multiflorum-induced liver injury and HLA-B*35 : 01 alleles, six hospitalized patients diagnosed with Polygonum multiflorum-induced liver injury (PM-DILI) were selected, and their clinicopathological data were collected. Simultaneously, blood HLA-B* 35 : 01 allele detection was performed. Among the six PM-DILI cases, 4 were male, aged 38.83 ± 10.13 years old. The types of liver injury were hepatocellular injury types in all, and the severity of liver injury in five cases was grade 3. The histological presentations were acute hepatitis and acute cholestatic hepatitis. PM-DILI cases were all HLA-B*35:01 carriers, with a carrier rate of 100%. This finding indicates that PM-DILI is significantly correlated with HLA-B*35:01 alleles. Therefore, HLA-B*35 : 01 alleles can be used as an important predictive indicator for PM-DILI.

Objective:To analyze the correlation between serum ferritin (SF), perilipin, leptin and the outcome of patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).Methods:From October 2017 to December 2019, 126 patients with GDM who underwent maternity checkups in Baoding Fourth Central Hospital and gave birth were selected as the GDM group, and 82 normal pregnant women during the same period were selected as the control group for retrospective analysis. The levels of serum SF, perilipin, and leptin in the GDM group and the control group were measured and compared, and the expressions of serum indexes of patients with different blood glucose control and different pregnancy outcomes in the GDM group were measured. Pearson correlation analysis was used to explore the correlation between the expression of serum indexes in GDM patients and fasting blood glucose (FPG), 2 h postprandial blood glucose (2 h PG), and insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR). Logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between the expression of serum indicators and adverse pregnancy outcomes in GDM patients. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to observe the value of single serum indexes and to predict the pregnancy outcome of GDM patients.Results:The levels of SF, perilipin and leptin in GDM group were higher than those in control group: (152.48 ± 37.64) μg/L vs. (109.27 ± 32.16) μg/L, (857.06 ± 192.35) ng/L vs. (262.83 ± 104.7) ng/L, (23.54 ± 2.28) μg/L vs.(14.62 ± 1.83) μg/L, the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). The levels of SF, perilipin and leptin in patients with good blood glucose control in GDM group were lower than those in patients with poor blood glucose control: (132.10 ± 36.52) μg/L vs. (176.37 ± 40.06) μg/L, (176.37 ± 40.06) ng/L vs. (946.42 ± 205.37) ng/L, (21.49 ± 2.16) μg/L vs. (25.94 ± 2.40) μg/L, the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). The levels of serum SF, perilipin and leptin in GDM patients were positively correlated with FPG, 2 h PG and HOMA-IR levels ( P<0.05). The levels of serum SF, perilipin and leptin in GDM patients with adverse pregnancy outcomes were higher than those in patients without occurrence: (182.86 ± 42.29) μg/L vs. (138.86 ± 35.47) μg/L, (1 013.35 ± 216.07) ng/L vs. (787.00 ± 183.49) ng/L, (27.04 ± 2.5) μg/L vs. (21.97 ± 2.07) μg/L, the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that serum SF, perilipin and leptin were closely related to the adverse pregnancy outcomes in GDM patients ( P<0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that the sensitivity and the specificity of SF, perilipin, leptin combined detection to predict GDM patients with adverse pregnancy outcomes was 76.92% and 83.91%. Conclusions:The serum SF, perilipin and leptin are abnormally high expression in GDM patients, and it is positively correlated with blood glucose level and HOMA-IR. Joint detection can improve the predictive value of adverse pregnancy outcomes and provide a basis for early intervention.

Objective:To explore the efficacy of mecobalamin combined with insulin in the treatment of patients with gestational diabetes (GDM) and its effect on Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) signaling pathway and maternal and infant outcomes.Methods:A total of 132 patients with GDM in the Fourth Central Hospital of Baoding City were selected and they were randomly grouped according to the principles of stratified random design and controlled design trials, with 66 cases in each group. The control group was treated with insulin, and the observation group was treated with mecobalamin combined with insulin. The curative effect, fasting blood glucose (FBG) and 2 h postprandial blood glucose (2 h PBG), TLR4, MyD88, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), white blood cells interleukin 1β (IL-1β) before and after treatment and infant outcomes were compared between the two groups.Results:The total effective rate in the observation group was higher than that in the control group: 95.45%(63/66) vs. 84.85%(56/66), and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2 = 4.181, P<0.05). After 1, 2, 3 weeks of treatment, the levels of FBG and 2 h PBG in the observation group were lower than those in the control group: after 1week of treatment, the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). After 1, 2, 3 weeks of treatment, the levels of serum TLR4, MyD88, TNF-α, IL-1β in the observation group were lower than those in the control group: after 1 week of treatment, the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). The incidence of cesarean section, polyhydramnios, macrosomia and premature birth in the observation group were lower than those in the control group: 7.58%(5/66) vs. 21.21%(14/66), 4.55%(3/66) vs. 16.67%(11/66), 1.52%(1/66) vs. 13.64%(9/66), 3.03%(2/66) vs. 7.58%(5/66), the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Mecobalamin combined with insulin can regulate the TLR4/MyD88 signaling pathway, which can help to control blood sugar and improve the maternal and infant outcomes.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of imatinib on growth impairment in children with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML-CP) in the chronic phase.Methods:From July 2018 to July 2019, questionnaires were distributed to CML children aged <18 years at the time of diagnosis who were receiving imatinib for at least 3 months or to their parents in China. The height-for-age standard deviation score (HtSDS) and the difference of standard deviation integral (△HtSDS) were used to explore the change in height with imatinib therapy.Results:The data of 238 respondents were included; 138 (58.0% ) respondents were men. The median age at the first diagnosis of CML was 11.0 years (range, 1.4-17.9 years) , and 93 (39.0% ) respondents were at the prepuberty stage. At the time of completing the questionnaires, the median age was 15.0 years (range, 2.0-34.0 years) . The median duration of imatinib therapy was 28 months (range, 3-213 months) . Among all the respondents, the mean HtSDS when completing the questionnaires (-0.063±1.361) was significantly lower than that at the time of starting imatinib treatment (0.391±1.244) ( P<0.001) . Total 71.0% respondents showed growth impairment that was more common in those starting imatinib therapy at prepubertal age than in those starting at pubertal age. Multivariate analysis showed that younger at the start of imatinib therapy ( P<0.001) and longer duration of imatinib therapy ( P<0.001) were significantly associated with severe growth impairment on imatinib therapy. Conclusions:Imatinib induced growth impairment in children with CML-CP. Younger the age of initiation and longer the duration of imatinib therapy, more obvious the effect of imatinib on growth impairment.

Objective To investigate pregnancy outcomes and neurodevelopment in fetuses with ventriculomegaly. Methods This was a cohort study of 173 gravidas with singleton pregnancy who were diagnosed with fetal ventriculomegaly by ultrasound in Prenatal Diagnostic Center of Nanfang Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University from March 2010 to July 2016. Thirty normal gravidas who received antenatal care in the same hospital and at the same period were selected as control. Clinical data were collected. Gravidas who had chosen to continue their pregnancy were followed up to monitor the variations of fetal ventricular. Fetal mild and moderate ventriculomegaly were respectively defined as a ventricular atrial width of 10-12 mm and >12 mm but <15 mm. Isolated ventriculomegaly (IVM) indicated those without any other ultrasound abnormalities, otherwise the case would be defined as non-isolated ventriculomegaly (NIVM). Among the 173 gravidas, 54 cases were mild IVM, 53 mild NIVM, 26 moderate IVM and 40 moderate NIVM. Fetuses with chromosome abnormalities were excluded from the study. Neonatal behavioral neurological assessment (NBNA) was used to analyze the neonatal neurodevelopment at the age of 7 days, and Bayley scales of infant development was used to evaluate the development of nervous system at the age of 6 months through analyzing their mental development index (MDI) and psychomotor development index (PDI). Statistical methods included t test, χ2 test (or Fisher's exact test), nonparametric test, Mann-Whitney test and multiple Kruskal-Wallis H test. Results (1) Among the 107 fetuses with mild ventriculomegaly, 72.9％ (78), 23.4％ (25) and 3.7％ (4) of them regressed, stabilized and progressed,respectively; however, among the 66 moderate cases, the figures were 45.4％ (30), 37.9％ (25) and 16.7％ (11) respectively (χ2=15.769, P<0.001). For those in the IVM and NIVM subgroups within the moderate ventriculomegaly group, significant difference was shown [17(65.4％), 8(30.8％) and 1(3.8％) vs 13(32.5％), 17(42.5％) and 10(25.0％), χ2=8.552, P=0.014], but not within the mild groups (χ2=2.412, P=0.299). (2) There were 164 gravidas who continued their pregnancy and delivered. Significant differences in NBNA score were observed between the ventriculomegaly group and the control (37.70±1.80 vs 38.53±1.38, t= - 2.424, P<0.05). Numbers of neonates with NBNA score < 36 and ≥ 36 points were 5(4.7％) and 101(95.3％) in the mild group, and 8(13.8％) and 50(86.2％) in the moderate group (χ2=4.231, P=0.004). There was significant difference in NBNA score between the IVM and NIVM subgroup within neither mild nor moderate group (χ2 were 0.210 and 0.201, P were 1.000 and 0.720). (3) Totally, 137 cases completed the assessment of nervous system development at the age of 6 months. There was significant difference in PDI score between the ventriculomegaly group and the control (90.50±10.85 vs 95.80±9.65, t= - 2.471, P=0.014), but not in MDI score (95.42+11.20 vs 99.50+12.00, t= - 1.786, P=0.076). (4) The comparison of the proportion of excellent, average and poor PDI scores: Significant differences were found between the IVM and NIVM subgroup within the moderate ventriculamegaly group and in the different intrauterine outcome groups [IVM vs NIVM groups: 3(15.0％), 16(80.0％) and 1(5.0％) vs 1(3.1％), 24(75.0％) and 7(21.9％),Z= - 2.097, P=0.036;intrauterine regression, stable and progress group: 9(10.6％), 75(88.2％) and 1(1.2％);3(6.5％), 37(80.4％) and 6(13.1％) vs 0, 2(2/6) and 4(4/6), χ2=19.808, P<0.001], but not between the mild and moderate vetriculamegaly group, or between the subgroups within the mild ones (Z were - 1.869 and - 1.946, P were 0.062 and 0.052). (5) The comparison of the proportion of excellent, average and poor scores of MDI: Significant difference was only found among the different intrauterine outcome groups[13(15.3％), 71(83.5％), 1(1.2％); 2(4.4％), 41(89.1％), 3(6.5％) vs 0, 5(5/6), 1(1/6); χ2=7.980, P=0.018], but not in any other comparisons (all P>0.05). Conclusions Prognosis of fetal ventriculomegaly is affected by co-existed abnormalities and intrauterine progression. Fetus with mild ventriculomegaly can also have risk of abnormal neural development, suggesting that we should pay much attention to such cases and a regular follow-up is required.