ObjectiveTo investigate the mechanism of protective effect of ethanol extracts of Hemsleya chinensis （HC-EE） on hydrochloric acid/ethanol （HCl/EtOH）-induced acute gastric ulcer in rats. MethodLipopolysaccharide （LPS）-induced RAW264.7 cells were used to evaluate inhibitory effect of HC-EE on the production of inflammatory mediators in vitro. A rat acute gastric ulcer model induced by HCl/EtOH （60% ethanol in 150 mmol·L^-1 HCl） was used to evaluate protective effect of HC-EE on acute gastric ulcer. Rats were divided into five groups， including normal group， model group， HC-EE low dose （HC-EE 30， 30 mg·kg^-1） group， HC-EE high dose （HC-EE 60， 60 mg·kg^-1） group and ranitidine （35 mg·kg^-1） group. For model and drug-treated groups， vehicle solvent or drugs were orally administered twice daily for 7 consecutive days before the rats were subjected to HCl/EtOH to induce acute gastric ulcer. After being anesthetized， ulcer surface of each rat was obtained and recorded using electronic imaging technology， and the ulcer inhibition rate was calculated by ImageJ 1.8.0. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） and periodic acid-Schiff （PAS） staining were used to observe the pathological histological changes in rats. Content of nitric oxide （NO） in cell culture medium was measured by the Griess method. The levels of interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， IL-6， vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 （VCAM-1） and prostaglandin E₂ （PGE₂） in rat serum （or cell culture medium） were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. The protein expressions of phosphorylation （p）-p38 mitogen activated protein kinase （MAPK）/p38 MAPK and p-nuclear transcription factor-κB （NF-κB） p65/NF-κB p65 in rat gastric tissue were detected by Western blot. ResultIn vitro assay showed HC-EE could significantly down-regulate the expressions of NO， TNF-α， IL-1β， IL-6 and VCAM-1 in LPS-induced cells （P<0.05， P<0.01）. In vivo experimental results showed that， compared with the normal group， gastric tissue of the model group was severely damaged， and the area of gastric ulcer was significantly enlarged， levels of TNF-α， IL-6 were significantly increased （P<0.01）， and the level of PGE₂ was significantly decreased （P<0.01）， the phosphorylation levels of of p38 MAPK， NF-κB p65 in gastric tissue were significantly increased （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， HC-EE dose-dependently improved HCl/EtOH-induced gastric tissue injury and inflammatory cell infiltration， and it could increase ulcer inhibition rate， significantly decreased the release of TNF-α and IL-6 （P<0.01）， HC-EE 60 group could increase the content of PGE₂ （P<0.05）， and significantly inhibit the phosphorylation levels of p38 MAPK and NF-κB p65 （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionHC-EE can exert protective effect on HCl/EtOH-induced acute gastric ulcer in rats， and its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of expression of inflammatory mediators mediated by p38 MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Objective:To investigate the expression level and clinical value of miR-28-5p in patients with aspiration pneumonia.Methods:This was a retrospective controlled study. A total of 60 patients with severe pneumonia in the Intensive Care Unit of Jinshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University were selected as the study group. According to the pathogenic factors, the patients were divided into the aspiration pneumonia group and other infectious pneumonia group. At the same time, 20 healthy physical examination patients in our hospital were selected as the healthy control group. Venous blood was collected from patients in the study group on days 1, 4, and 7. The expression level of miR-28-5p in serum was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and the serum levels of interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) assay. The clinical detection results of C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT) in the study group were collected. Statistical analysis was conducted with SPSS 26.0. Then the diagnostic value of serum miR-28-5p for aspiration pneumonia was analyzed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and the correlation between serum miR-28-5p and IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α, CRP and PCT was analyzed by Pearson method. According to the clinical effect of 10 days of treatment, the patients were divided into the good prognosis and poor prognosis groups, and the relationship between miR-28-5p and the expression levels of various inflammatory factors and prognosis was analyzed.Results:Compared with the healthy control group, the level of serum miR-28-5p in the study group was significantly increased, and the level of serum miR-28-5p in the aspiration pneumonia group was much lower than that in the other infectious pneumonia group ( P<0.05). Compared with day 0, the expression level of serum miR-28-5p in the aspiration pneumonia group was highly increased, with statistical significance ( P<0.05). ROC curve of serum miR-28-5p expression in aspiration pneumonia showed that AUC was 0.871. When the critical value was 1.211, the sensitivity was 76.67% and the specificity was 95%. Pearson correlation analysis showed that miR-28-5p was positively correlated with IL-6 ( P<0.05), and negatively correlated with IL-4 and IL-10 ( P<0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve of age, miR-28-5p, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α, CRP, and PCT were 0.695, 0.813, 0.655, 0.668, 0.724, 0.651, and 0.661, respectively. Conclusions:Serum miR-28-5p has important reference significance for the diagnosis of aspiration pneumonia, and has certain value for distinguishing different types of aspiration pneumonia. The expression of miR-28-5p in serum is expected to be a new biomarker to judge the prognosis of patients with severe pneumonia. Age, TNF-α, IL-8, IL-10, CRP and PCT are correlated to the prognosis of severe pneumonia.

Objective:To understand the current situation and problems of research design in adverse drug reaction (ADR) signal detection study in China.Methods:The literature on ADR signal detection study in SinoMed, CNKI, WanFang Data and VIP databases were retrieved (up to May 30, 2022). The research purpose, research direction (target drug, target ADR), source database of signals, target drug role, reference drug, signal detection algorithm, and bias control of the literature were analyzed descriptively one by one.Results:A total of 165 articles were included, of which 146 (88.5%) were published in core journals. From 2013 to 2022 (January to May, 2022), there were 4, 3, 2, 7, 8, 11, 20, 29, 55, and 26 relevant articles, respectively. Problems in these studies were as follows: research purposes were not clear in 6.7% (11/165) of the literature; target ADRs were selected as non targeted in 80.6% (133/165) of the literature; the domestic database was less utilized [only 9.7% (16/165)]; did the selection range of the target drug role were not mentioned in 33.9% (56/165) of the literature; only a single algorithm for signal detection was used in 36.4% (60/165) of the literature; bias analysis was not conducted in 85.5% (141/165) of the literature.Conclusions:The domestic literature on ADR signal detection has problems of poor standardization in research design, such as unclear research purpose and direction, incomplete research items, etc. Chinese scholars should further improve the quality of research design while strengthening the research on ADR signal detection.

Objective:To understand the problems of data mining in adverse drug reaction (ADR)/adverse event (AE) signal detection study in China.Methods:The literature on ADR/AE signal detection study in SinoMed, CNKI, WanFang Data and VIP databases were retrieved (up to May 30, 2022). The relevant content of the data mining in the literature was investiagted and evaluated from the following 4 dimensions and 9 items: (1) background data, including 1 item; (2) data preprocessing, including 4 items such as drug mapping, AE mapping, missing value processing, and data deduplication; (3) data mining algorithm (DMA), including 3 items such as DMA selection, DMA formula interpretation, and signal threshold; (4) interpretation of the results, including 1 item. According to the relevant specifications and technical requirements of data mining, the reporting/reporting error-free rate of the 4 dimensions and 9 items in the literature was taken as the overall quality evaluation index. Reporting/reporting error-free rate ≥60% was considered to be an excellent level of overall quality.Results:A total of 165 articles were included. On the background data dimension, the reporting/reporting error-free rate of using all the other drug data of the entire database in the literature was 35.2% (58/165), which did not reach an excellent level. On the data preprocessing dimension, the reporting/reporting error-free rates of drug mapping, AE mapping, missing value processing, and data deduplication in the literature were 22.4% (37/165), 73.9% (122/165), 10.3% (17/165), and 55.2% (91/165), respectively. The reporting/reporting error-free rate on this dimension was 40.5% (267/660), which did not reach the excellent level, only the rate of AE mapping reached the excellent level. On the DMA dimension, the reporting/reporting error-free rates of ≥2 DMA, DMA formula interpretation, and signal threshold in the literature were 63.6% (105/165), 78.2% (129/165), and 87.9% (145/165), respectively. The reporting/reporting error-free rate on this dimension was 76.6% (379/495), which reached an excellent level. The reporting/reporting error-free rate was 87.4% (144/165), reaching an excellent level. The signals were interpreted as "positive" or "negative" signals in 7 articles, and the meaning of signals were interpreted as causality in 14 articles. The overall reporting/reporting error-free rate in the 165 literature, analyzed from 9 items on 4 dimensions, was 57.1% (848/1 485), which did not reach the excellent level.Conclusion:The main problems in the domestic literature of ADR/AE signal detection study are the incomplete selection of background data and the lack of data preprocessing, suggesting that the further relevant studies in China should be improved on above 2 dimensions for better quality of ADR/AE signal detection research.

Objective:To understand the current situation and problems of research design in adverse drug reaction (ADR) signal detection study in China.Methods:The literature on ADR signal detection study in SinoMed, CNKI, WanFang Data and VIP databases were retrieved (up to May 30, 2022). The research purpose, research direction (target drug, target ADR), source database of signals, target drug role, reference drug, signal detection algorithm, and bias control of the literature were analyzed descriptively one by one.Results:A total of 165 articles were included, of which 146 (88.5%) were published in core journals. From 2013 to 2022 (January to May, 2022), there were 4, 3, 2, 7, 8, 11, 20, 29, 55, and 26 relevant articles, respectively. Problems in these studies were as follows: research purposes were not clear in 6.7% (11/165) of the literature; target ADRs were selected as non targeted in 80.6% (133/165) of the literature; the domestic database was less utilized [only 9.7% (16/165)]; did the selection range of the target drug role were not mentioned in 33.9% (56/165) of the literature; only a single algorithm for signal detection was used in 36.4% (60/165) of the literature; bias analysis was not conducted in 85.5% (141/165) of the literature.Conclusions:The domestic literature on ADR signal detection has problems of poor standardization in research design, such as unclear research purpose and direction, incomplete research items, etc. Chinese scholars should further improve the quality of research design while strengthening the research on ADR signal detection.

Objective:To understand the problems of data mining in adverse drug reaction (ADR)/adverse event (AE) signal detection study in China.Methods:The literature on ADR/AE signal detection study in SinoMed, CNKI, WanFang Data and VIP databases were retrieved (up to May 30, 2022). The relevant content of the data mining in the literature was investiagted and evaluated from the following 4 dimensions and 9 items: (1) background data, including 1 item; (2) data preprocessing, including 4 items such as drug mapping, AE mapping, missing value processing, and data deduplication; (3) data mining algorithm (DMA), including 3 items such as DMA selection, DMA formula interpretation, and signal threshold; (4) interpretation of the results, including 1 item. According to the relevant specifications and technical requirements of data mining, the reporting/reporting error-free rate of the 4 dimensions and 9 items in the literature was taken as the overall quality evaluation index. Reporting/reporting error-free rate ≥60% was considered to be an excellent level of overall quality.Results:A total of 165 articles were included. On the background data dimension, the reporting/reporting error-free rate of using all the other drug data of the entire database in the literature was 35.2% (58/165), which did not reach an excellent level. On the data preprocessing dimension, the reporting/reporting error-free rates of drug mapping, AE mapping, missing value processing, and data deduplication in the literature were 22.4% (37/165), 73.9% (122/165), 10.3% (17/165), and 55.2% (91/165), respectively. The reporting/reporting error-free rate on this dimension was 40.5% (267/660), which did not reach the excellent level, only the rate of AE mapping reached the excellent level. On the DMA dimension, the reporting/reporting error-free rates of ≥2 DMA, DMA formula interpretation, and signal threshold in the literature were 63.6% (105/165), 78.2% (129/165), and 87.9% (145/165), respectively. The reporting/reporting error-free rate on this dimension was 76.6% (379/495), which reached an excellent level. The reporting/reporting error-free rate was 87.4% (144/165), reaching an excellent level. The signals were interpreted as "positive" or "negative" signals in 7 articles, and the meaning of signals were interpreted as causality in 14 articles. The overall reporting/reporting error-free rate in the 165 literature, analyzed from 9 items on 4 dimensions, was 57.1% (848/1 485), which did not reach the excellent level.Conclusion:The main problems in the domestic literature of ADR/AE signal detection study are the incomplete selection of background data and the lack of data preprocessing, suggesting that the further relevant studies in China should be improved on above 2 dimensions for better quality of ADR/AE signal detection research.

Objective:To explore whether the introduction of the O-PIRTAS (objective, preparation, instructive vedio, review, test, activity, summary) teaching model can help in curriculum learning and improve students' medical humanities literacy.Methods:Taking 118 sophomores of clinical medicine and nursing majors from Xiamen Medical College as control group, and 122 students as experimental group and as control group, the research lasting 8 weeks was carried out around five modules. The control group adopted the traditional teaching mode, while the experimental group used the O-PIRTAS model. After teaching, by comparing the exam results and issuing questionnaires, the teaching effects of the two methods on students' caring ability, empathy, emotional intelligence and supportive communication ability were compared. SPSS 22.0 was used for t test and chi-square test. Results:The average score of the experimental group [(83.61±2.13) points] was higher than that of the control group [(78.03±2.02) points], with significant differences ( t=3.60, P<0.001). As for the statistical analysis of the questionnaire, the students in experimental group scored higher in empathy, emotional intelligence and supportive communication skills than those in control group ( t=-3.20, P=0.002; t=-3.93, P<0.001; t=-4.00, P<0.001). Conclusion:Applying O-PIRTAS flipped classroom teaching model to medical humanities English courses helps to improve students' curriculum learning and medical humanities literacy, improve the effectiveness of the classroom and better play the educational role of the curriculum.

Breast cancer has overtaken lung cancer as the most common malignancy in women. Although the early diagnostic rate has continuously improved, recurrence and metastasis remain a problem to be solved. Therefore, scientists should search for effective prognostic markers for breast cancer patients and adopt individualized programs for different patients. Studies have shown that cancer prognosis, to a certain extent, is related to the nutrition inflammation index. Preoperative prognostic nutritional index (PNI) and controlled nutritional status (CONUT) are indicators that comprehensively reflect the nutritional level and inflammatory state of patients, respectively. Different from other cancers, the incidence of breast cancer is related to nutritional status, and an extremely high or low score is not conducive to the prognosis of breast cancer patients. This paper reviews the research progress of PNI and CONUT in breast cancer.

Objective:To investigate the effect of heat shock protein 60 (HSP60) overexpression on the ability of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and its therapeutic effect on rats with phosgene induced acute lung injury.Methods:HSP60 was transfected into MSCs by adenovirus. Western blot was used to measure the expressions of HSP60 before and after transfection. CCK-8 assay was used to detect the activity of MSCs, flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptotic ability of MSCs, and Transwell assay was used to observe the migration ability of MSCs. Sixty SPF grade male SD rats were randomly divided into control group, phosgene exposure group (inhalation of phosgene for 5 min) , MSCs group (phosgene exposure, MSCs treatment group) and transfected MSCs group (phosgene exposure, overexpression of HSP60 MSCs treatment group) . The pathological changes of lung were observed by lung pathological section, lung wet dry ratio, the degree of pulmonary edema, the total cell count and total protein content of alveolar lavage fluid, the inflammatory changes of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in BALF and serum were observed. The data were analyzed by Graphpad Prism 8.0 software. Paired comparisons were performed by non paired t-test. One way ANOVA was used for comparison between groups. Results:The proliferation ability of MSCs transfected with HSP60[ A= (0.69±0.05) ] was significantly higher than that of MSCs not transfected with HSP60[ A= (0.27±0.02) ] ( P<0.05) . Compared with the phosgene exposure group, the pulmonary edema and inflammatory factor infiltration of MSCs group and MSCs transfected group were reduced. However, compared with MSCs group, the degree of pulmonary edema in MSCs transfected group was significantly improved, the levels of inflammatory factors IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly decreased, and the total protein content and total cell count in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were less ( P<0.05) . Conclusion:MSCs transfected with HSP60 can enhance the ability of proliferation, anti apoptosis, migration and the curative effect in rats with phosgene induced acute lung injury.

Objective:To investigate the effect of heat shock protein 60 (HSP60) overexpression on the ability of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and its therapeutic effect on rats with phosgene induced acute lung injury.Methods:HSP60 was transfected into MSCs by adenovirus. Western blot was used to measure the expressions of HSP60 before and after transfection. CCK-8 assay was used to detect the activity of MSCs, flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptotic ability of MSCs, and Transwell assay was used to observe the migration ability of MSCs. Sixty SPF grade male SD rats were randomly divided into control group, phosgene exposure group (inhalation of phosgene for 5 min) , MSCs group (phosgene exposure, MSCs treatment group) and transfected MSCs group (phosgene exposure, overexpression of HSP60 MSCs treatment group) . The pathological changes of lung were observed by lung pathological section, lung wet dry ratio, the degree of pulmonary edema, the total cell count and total protein content of alveolar lavage fluid, the inflammatory changes of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in BALF and serum were observed. The data were analyzed by Graphpad Prism 8.0 software. Paired comparisons were performed by non paired t-test. One way ANOVA was used for comparison between groups. Results:The proliferation ability of MSCs transfected with HSP60[ A= (0.69±0.05) ] was significantly higher than that of MSCs not transfected with HSP60[ A= (0.27±0.02) ] ( P<0.05) . Compared with the phosgene exposure group, the pulmonary edema and inflammatory factor infiltration of MSCs group and MSCs transfected group were reduced. However, compared with MSCs group, the degree of pulmonary edema in MSCs transfected group was significantly improved, the levels of inflammatory factors IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly decreased, and the total protein content and total cell count in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were less ( P<0.05) . Conclusion:MSCs transfected with HSP60 can enhance the ability of proliferation, anti apoptosis, migration and the curative effect in rats with phosgene induced acute lung injury.