Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of antaitasvir phosphate 100 mg or 200 mg combined with yiqibuvir for 12 weeks in patients with various genotypes of chronic hepatitis C, without cirrhosis or compensated stage cirrhosis.Methods:Patients with chronic hepatitis C (without cirrhosis or compensated stage cirrhosis) were randomly assigned to the antaitasvir phosphate 100 mg+yiqibuvir 600 mg group (100 mg group) or the antaitasvir phosphate 200 mg+yiqibuvir 600 mg group (200 mg group) in a 1∶1 ratio. The drugs were continuously administered once a day for 12 weeks and observed for 24 weeks after drug withdrawal. The drug safety profile was assessed concurrently with the observation of the sustained virological response (SVR12) in the two patient groups 12 weeks following the drug cessation. The intention-to-treat concept was used to define as closely as possible a full analysis set, including all randomized cases who received the experimental drug at least once. The safety set was collected from all subjects who received the experimental drug at least once (regardless of whether they participated in the randomization group) in this study. All efficacy endpoints and safety profile data were summarized using descriptive statistics. The primary efficacy endpoint was SVR12. The primary analysis was performed on a full analysis set. The frequency and proportion of cases were calculated in the experimental drug group (antaitasvir phosphate capsules combined with yiqibuvir tablets) that achieved "HCV RNA

Objective:To investigate the urodynamic characteristics in parkinsonian-type multiple system atrophy (MSA-P) and Parkinson′s disease (PD) patients with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and to identify the differential diagnostic ability of urodynamic study.Methods:Sixty-eight MSA-P patients and 85 PD patients with LUTS who underwent urodynamic studies and were hospitalized in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from February 2017 to December 2020 were reviewed. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the discriminatory power of urodynamic parameters.Results:Compared with PD, patients with MSA-P had shorter disease duration [2.70 (2.05, 3.00) years vs 5.00 (4.00, 6.00) years, Z=-7.44, P<0.001]. In free uroflowmetry (UFM) and pressure-flow study (PFS), patients with MSA-P showed lower maximal flow rate [Qmax; UFM-Qmax 6.00 (3.00, 8.75) ml/s vs 9.00 (6.00, 14.00) ml/s, Z=-4.31, P<0.001; PFS-Qmax[6.00 (3.00, 8.75) ml/s vs 9.00 (6.00, 14.00) ml/s, Z=-4.03, P<0.001] and larger postvoid residual [PVR;UFM-PVR 207.50 (113.75, 280.00) ml vs 45.00 (10.00, 117.50) ml, Z =-6.03, P<0.001; PFS-PVR 269.00 (148.75, 337.50) ml vs 75.00 (20.00, 167.50) ml, Z=-6.55, P<0.001)] with decreased compliance [42.65% (29/68) vs 14.12% (12/85), χ 2=15.68, P<0.001], decreased detrusor pressure at maximun flow rate [PdetQmax; 13.00 (6.00, 27.75) cmH 2O vs 27.00 (15.00, 39.50) cmH 2O, Z=-4.65, P<0.001; 1 cmH 2O=0.098 kPa] and impaired contractility [43.00 (34.00, 59.25) vs 79.00 (46.50, 100.00), Z=-5.44, P<0.001]. Compared with the MSA-P patients, detrusor overactivity (DO) was prominent in PD [54.41% (37/68) vs 78.82% (67/85), χ 2=10.34, P=0.001]. The ROC curve results showed that PFS-PVR had highest area under the curve (AUC), which was 0.81 (95% CI 0.74-0.88, P<0.001), followed by UFM-PVR, bladder contractility index and PdetQmax (0.78, 0.76 and 0.72, respectively). Conclusions:Patients with MSA-P showed lower Qmax and larger PVR with decreased bladder compliance and impaired contractility, while patients with PD had higher incidence of DO. The ROC results showed that PFS-PVR had the highest AUC and specificity in the differential diagnosis of MSA-P and PD,indicating that urodynamic study is a useful tool in differential diagnosis of patients with MSA-P and PD with lower urinary tract symptoms.

Objective:To analyze the urodynamic and clinical features of detrusor underactivity(DU)in elderly men aged 60 years and over.Methods:Five hundred and seventy-three men aged 60 years and over underwent urodynamic measurements due to dysuria were retrospectively analyzed.According to the urodynamic parameters of bladder contractibility index(BCI)and bladder outlet obstruction index(BOOI), they were divided into the three groups: only detrusor underactivity(DU group)(BCI<100 and BOOI<20), only bladder outlet obstruction(BOO group)(BCI≥100 and BOOI≥40), and the combined non-DU and non-BOO group(NDB group)(BCI≥100 and BOOI<20). The urodynamic and clinical features were compared between the three groups.Results:The internalized 323 patients meeting inclusion and exclusion criteria were divided into 3 groups: 75 in the DU, 207 in the BOO and 41 in the NDB.The age was higher in DU and BOO groups than in NDB group( P<0.05). The DU group versus the NDB group showed the higher levels or values in the volume at first desire(FDV)[(279±80)ml vs.(238±72)ml], the proportions of incomplete bladder emptying(41% vs.17%), urine flow interruption(39% vs.15%)and retention(26% vs.7%), and the lower levels in the voiding efficiency(VE)[(61±32)% vs.(110±41)%], (all P<0.05). The DU group vs.the BOO group showed the increased levels or values in the FDV[(279±80)ml vs.(206±67)ml]and maximum cytometric capacity(MCC)(353±113 ml vs.281±94 ml)and the proportions of urine flow interruption(39% vs.22%), TURP(26% vs.6%), and retention(26% vs.14%), and the decreased levels or values in the VE[(61±32)% vs.(78±37%)], the proportions of DO(41% vs.77%), urgency(26% vs.43%)and nocturia(23% vs.39%)(all P<0.05). Conclusions:The main urodynamic and clinical features are manifested as the reduction of bladder sensation and bladder emptying rate, urine flow interruption, urinary retention and having a TURP history in elderly man with detrusor underactivity.The proportions of DU and BOO are increased along with aging.

Objective To analyze the effect of ATAD2 on glioma cell lines.Methods ATAD2 level in U87MG, U251 and normal human astrocytes was detected by RT-PCR and Western blot.U87MG and U251 cells were divided into four groups: control, mock (lipofection control), ATAD2 siRNA (transfected with ATAD2 siRNA) and ATAD2 overexpression (transfected with ATAD2).Cell proliferation, migration and invasion were respectively measured by MTT and Transwell assay.The level of E-cadherin, N-cadherin and Vimentin was measured by Western blot.Results ATAD2 was highly expressed in U87MG and U251 cells.Compared with control, cell proliferation, invasion, migration, N-cadherin and Vimentin expression were decreased by ATAD2 siRNA, while they were promoted by ATAD2 overexpression (P<0.05).E-cadherin expression was upregulated by ATAD2 siRNA and it was inhibited by ATAD2 overexpression (P<0.05).Conclusions ATAD2 participants in human glioma cells metastasis via epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT).

Objective To evaluate the effect of tea polyphenol epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG)on ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced skin pigmentation,transfer and degradation of melanosomes in mice,and to explore the role of autophagy in the mechanism of melanosome degradation.Methods A total of 32 ears from 16 female C57/BL6 mice were randomly and equally divided into 4 groups:acetone control group topically treated with acetone solution daily,EGCG group topically treated with 10 g/L EGCG acetone solution daily,UVB irradiation group irradiated with 500 mJ/cm2 UVB once a day and 2 hours later topically treated with acetone solution,UVB + EGCG group irradiated with 500 mJ/cm2 UVB once a day and 2 hours later topically treated with EGCG acetone solution.Ten days later,all the mice were sacrificed,and skin tissue samples were collected from the ears.Transmission electron microscopy was performed to observe ultrastructural changes of melanosomes and autophagosomes,immunohistochemical study to measure expression of protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) and microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3) in the epidermis,and Western blot analysis to determine the protein expression of PAR2,Rasrelated protein Rab27a and LC3 in the epidermis.Results There was a significant difference in the number of melanosomes and autophagosomes among the acetone control group,EGCG group,UVB irradiation group and UVB + EGCG group (H =12.249,13.888,respectively,both P ＜ 0.05).Compared with the acetone control group,the UVB irradiation group showed significantly increased number of melanosomes (1.85 ± 0.32 vs.1.00 ± 0.41,P ＜ 0.05)and autophagosomes (1.94 ± 0.64 vs.1.00 ± 0.46,P ＜ 0.05) in epidermal keratinocytes in mouse skin.Compared with the UVB irradiation group,the UVB + EGCG group showed significantly decreased number of melanosomes (1.30 ± 0.44,P ＜ 0.05),but significantly increased number of autophagosomes (3.03 ± 0.75,P ＜ 0.05).Immunohistochemical study showed a significant difference in the level of PAR2 in the epidermis among the 4 groups (H =18.700,P ＜ 0.05),and the expression of PAR2 was significantly lower in the UVB + EGCG group than in the UVB irradiation group (7.94 ± 4.57 vs.12.54 ± 3.07,Z =2.143,P ＜ 0.05).However,the 4 groups all showed a low level of LC3,and there was no significant difference among the 4 groups (H =5.051,P ＞ 0.05).Western blot analysis revealed significant differences in the protein expression of PAR2 and Rab27a,as well as in the LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ ratio,among the 4 groups (F =18.739,25.967,24.022,respectively,all P ＜ 0.05).Compared with the UVB irradiation group,the UVB + EGCG group showed significantly decreased expression of PAR2 (0.91 ± 0.54 vs.3.12 ± 0.61,P ＜ 0.05) and Rab27a (0.99 ± 0.16 vs.1.42 ± 0.07,P ＜ 0.05),but significantly increased LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ ratio (1.67 ± 0.08 vs.1.24 ± 0.07,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Topical EGCG treatment can effectively suppress UVB-induced skin pigmentation,which may be related to the inhibition of melanosome transfer and promotion of melanosome autophagy.

OBJECTIVETo understand the prevalence of high risk behaviors and influencing factors among HIV infected persons aged ≥50 years.

METHODSFace to face questionnaire interview was conducted among the HIV infected persons selected in Jianshui, Gejiu and Mengzi counties in Yunnan province through random sampling in June 2015. The sample size was 450.

RESULTSAmong the HIV infected persons surveyed, 41.2% (122/296) had sexual behaviors with their spouses during past year, and the consistent condom use rate was 66.4% (81/122). Among the HIV infected males, 8.9% (28/313) had commercial sexual behaviors during past year, and the consistent condom use rate was 17.9% (5/28). Among the HIV infected females, 0.7% were still engaged in commercial sex service during past year. Among the 450 HIV infected persons, 32 (7.1%) reported having casual sex behaviors during past years, and the consistent condom use rate was 18.7% (6/32). The rate of commercial sexual behavior in urban residents (13.4%, 19/115) was higher than that in rural residents (4.5%, 9/198), the difference was statistically significant (χ(2)=11.715, P=0.001). The risk factors for commercial sex behaviors included lack of family and social support, aged 50-59 years, living in urban area, higher income and being male. The risk factors for using no condom included living in rural area, lower education level, lack of family and social support and higher income.

CONCLUSIONSRisk sex behaviors are still prevalent in HIV infected people aged >50 years, which exacerbated HIV transmission. Further efforts should be focused on the education about AIDS prevention and control and promoting protected sexual behaviors. Additional effort should be done to improve the family and social support for HIV infected people aged >50 years. Moreover, comprehensive intervention for low-paid female sex workers also needs to be strengthened.

China ; epidemiology ; Condoms ; utilization ; Female ; HIV Infections ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Risk-Taking ; Sex Work ; psychology ; statistics & numerical data ; Sexual Behavior ; psychology ; statistics & numerical data ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Objective To investigate the effect of erythropoietin(EPO)on the expression of aquaporin - 2 (AQP2)in the kidney of young SD rats after release of bilateral ureter obstruction(BUO - R). Methods Thirty - two young SD rats were equally divided into 4 groups randomly(BUO group,BUO - R group,BUO - R ﹢ EPO group and Sham group,8 rats in each group). The BUO model was built through bilateral ureteral ligation. EPO(500 U/ kg)was given to BUO - R ﹢ EPO rats at 2 h after release of BUO,and then repeated 6 h,12 h,24 h and 36 h thereafter and the same volume of 9 g/ L saline was simultaneously given to BUO - R rats. The Sham group was prepared in parallel by laparotomy and free dissection of bilateral ureters but not ligated. Both side kidneys were harvested 48 h(72 h for Sham group)after release of BUO to examine the effect of EPO on the expression of AQP2 in inner medulla by immunohisto-chemistry,Real - time PCR and Western blot. The urine samples were collected by using metabolic cage before death. Results The osmotic pressure of BUO - R ﹢ EPO group was higher than that of BUO - R group,but lower than that of Sham group(P ﹤ 0. 05). Immunohistochemistry showed that the collecting duct wall thinned and lumen enlarged. After the pictures were analysized by using Image - Pro Plus software,it showed that the expression of AQP2 in collecting duct in BUO group was significantly down - regulated compared with that in Sham group,whereas,it was slightly weaker in BUO - R group and BUO - R ﹢ EPO group than Sham group(P ﹤ 0. 05). These results were further confirmed by a-dopting Western blot,and the relative quantity of AQP2 in BUO group was also the lowest of the four groups(P ﹤0. 05). Real - time PCR showed that the level of AQP2 mRNA in Sham group was(24. 30 ± 1. 03)folds of BUO group,(10. 60 ± 1. 05)folds of BUO - R group and(5. 70 ± 1. 01)folds of BUO - R ﹢ EPO group,respectively. Conclusion EPO could promote not only the recovery of AQP2 mRNA and protein expression but also the recovery of AQP2 function in young BUO - R rats.

BACKGROUND:Autologous hamstring Rigidfix and Intrafix has been frequently used to fix and reconstruct anterior cruciate ligament. However, it lacks of evaluation of middle and long period of clinical outcomes. OBJECTIVE:To retrospectively evaluate the medium term clinical outcomes of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with hamstring tendon autograft by Rigidfix and Intrafix. METHODS:The 39 cases of anterior cruciate ligament injury were subjected to anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with hamstring tendon autograft by Rigidfix and Intrafix under arthroscope. They were fol owed up for 2 years or more. The clinical outcomes were evaluated using Lyshlom score scale, IKDC2000 and Tegner score scale. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:In the fol ow-up, IKDC2000 score and Lyshlom score were significantly increased fol owing Rigidfix and Intrafix fixation than before treatment (P<0.01). Results indicate satisfactory clinical outcomes of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with hamstring tendon autograft by Rigidfix and Intrafix. However, long-term fol ow up is needed to verify the feasibility of extensive application.

Objective To evaluate MR diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI)and MR perfusion-weighted imaging(PWI) in differentiating benign from malignant soft tissue tumors by comparing the related parameters. Methods Fifty patients with soft tissue tumors verified by pathology( benign 24, malignant 26) underwent DWI and dynamic contrast-enhanced T2 * -weighted PWI. DWI and PWI data of benign and malignant soft tissue tumors were acquired at the workstation and their difference was analyzed with t-test. The diagnostic accordance rate was verified with x2-test. Subjective overall performance of two techniques were evaluated with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Results ADC values of benign and malignant tumors were (2. 03±0. 36) × 10-3 mm2/s, ( 1.52±0. 39) × 10-3 mm2/s,respectively. The signal intensity decrease of them during the first-pass perfusion (SIdecrease ) were ( 13.54 ± 3.37 )%, (47. 57 ± 5. 21 ) % ,respectively. The maximum linearity slope rate of TIC ( SSmax ) of them were ( 5.51 ± 2. 54 ) %, (7.94 ± 3. 33) %, respectively. There were significant differences between benign and malignant tumors of ADC value and SIdecrease ( t = 2. 515,2. 938 ;P < 0. 05 ), while there was no significant difference in SSmax (t = 1. 272,P >0. 05). When the threshold of ADC value was 1. 866 × mm2/s, sensitivity and specificity for determining malignant tumors were 84. 6% (22/26)and 83.3% (20/24). When the threshold of SIdecrease was 40. 33% ,sensitivity and specificity for determining malignant tumors were 88. 5% (23/26)and 75.0% (18/24). In type Ⅰa of TIC,the proportion of benign soft tissue tumor was 3/24 and malignant tumor was 20/26. In type Ⅰb , benign tumor was 14/24 and malignant tumor was 3/26. In type Ⅰc, malignant tumor was 3/26. In type Ⅱ ,benign tumor was 7/24. The diagnostic accordance rate of DWI and PWI were 84. 0% (42/50) and 82. 0% (41/50), respectively. There was no significant difference between them ( x2 = 0. 8, P >0. 05). The accuracies of them were 81.7% , 83. 6% respectively by the area under the ROC curve (AUC). The sensitivity of PWI in diagnosing malignant soft tissue tumors was higher. Conclusions ADC value and SIdecrease are Valllable diagnostic parameters in differentiating benign and malignant soft tissue tumors. The threshold of these parameters for diagnosing malignant soft tissue tumors are 1. 866 × 10-3 mm2/s and 40. 33%, respectively. The type of TIC can help to distinguish malignant tumors from benign tumors, while the SSmax can not. The accuracies of DWI and PWI in the diagnosis of malignant soft tissue tumors are moderate. Compared with DWI, PWI should be selected firstly because of its higher sensitivity in diagnosing malignant tumors.

[Objective]To design a method of in vitro preparation and seperation for metallic wear particles around joint prosthesis and evaluate its feasibility in medical experiments.[Method]Ti-6Al-4V and Co-Gr-Mo alloys were used to make two friction jars respectirely. National inventive patent applied number 03142073.7.Lots of quadrate blocks made of the same materials are put into the jars respectively,which were then.lubri cated by man-made body fluid and vibrated on a bottle shaker.After 21 days the fluid was harvested and centrifuged to get the produced wear particles.The collected particles were studied by using element trace analysis,laser countersizer and scanning electron microscopy.The J774.A1 macrophages cultured together with these particles for 24 hours were observed under inverted phase contrast microscopy and transmission electron microscopy.[Result]A got great amounts of metallic particles with 1?m diameter coned beproduce using this method.The aver age diameter of titanium alloys(Dv90) is 1.011 and that of Co-Gr-Mo is 1.010.Particle size distribution had good consistency in different materials.Under scanning electron microscopy ,the particles had irregular shapes just like those got from revision operations.The particles taken into the J774.A1 macrophages could be seen under inverted p hase contrast microscopy and transmission electron microscopy.[Conclusion]This method is good enough to producl lots of metallic wear particles mosth like those around total joint prosthesis and can be used in further in vivo and in vitro studies about joint prosthesis loosening.