Objective To investigate the neuroprotective effect of TGP on PS rats and determine the impact on the Ste20-like proline/alanine-rich kinase/Na+-K+-Cl cotransport(SPAK/NKCC1)signaling pathway.Methods After PS model was successfully established in 60 male SD rats(7 weeks old),they were randomly divided into model group,low-and high-dose TGP groups,high-dose TGP+negative control group,and high-dose TGP+WNK3 overexpression group,with 12 rats in each group.Another 12 healthy rats served as the control group.After modeling,50 or 200 mg/kg TGP was given to the rats of corresponding groups intragastrically,the overexpression plasmids of WNK3 were given to the rats from the high-dose TGP+WNK3 overexpression group through tail vein injection,and same volume of normal saline was given to the control group.All of these agents were administrated once per day for 7 consecutive days.ELISA was applied to de-tect serum levels of IL-6,IL-1β,MDA and SOD.HE staining was applied to detect the pathological morphology of the substantia nigra region in brain tissue.TUNEL staining was used to observe neuronal apoptosis.Immunohistochemistry was conducted to measure the expression of α-synucle-in(α-syn),and Western blotting for the expression of Bax,Bcl-2 and SPAK/NKCC1 signaling pathway related proteins(WNK3,p-SPAK,SPAK,p-NKCC1 and NKCC1).Results Compared with the model group,the pathological damage of neurons in substantia nigra was reduced in low-and high dose TGP groups,reduced contents of IL-6,IL-1β and MDA,lower neuronal apoptotic rate,and declined expression of Bax,α-syn,WNK3,p-SPAK/SPAK,and p-NKCC1/NKCC1,but raised SOD content and Bcl-2 expression level(88.39±8.96 U/mg,119.57±12.01 U/mg vs 60.28±6.14 U/mg,P＜0.05;0.57±0.06,0.82±0.09 vs 0.38±0.04,P＜0.05).The intervention with WNK3 overexpression resulted in more severe pathological damage to neurons in the sub-stantia nigra,increased contents of IL-6,IL-1β and MDA,higher neuronal apoptotic rate,enhanced expression of Bax,α-syn,WNK3,p-SPAK/SPAK,and p-NKCC1/NKCC1,and reduced SOD con-tent and Bcl-2 expression level when compared with the high-dose TGP+negative control group(P＜0.05).Conclusion TGP exerts neuroprotective effects on PS rats,and its mechanism is re-lated to the inhibition of the SPAK/NKCC1 signaling pathway.

Objective To investigate the neuroprotective effect of TGP on PS rats and determine the impact on the Ste20-like proline/alanine-rich kinase/Na+-K+-Cl cotransport(SPAK/NKCC1)signaling pathway.Methods After PS model was successfully established in 60 male SD rats(7 weeks old),they were randomly divided into model group,low-and high-dose TGP groups,high-dose TGP+negative control group,and high-dose TGP+WNK3 overexpression group,with 12 rats in each group.Another 12 healthy rats served as the control group.After modeling,50 or 200 mg/kg TGP was given to the rats of corresponding groups intragastrically,the overexpression plasmids of WNK3 were given to the rats from the high-dose TGP+WNK3 overexpression group through tail vein injection,and same volume of normal saline was given to the control group.All of these agents were administrated once per day for 7 consecutive days.ELISA was applied to de-tect serum levels of IL-6,IL-1β,MDA and SOD.HE staining was applied to detect the pathological morphology of the substantia nigra region in brain tissue.TUNEL staining was used to observe neuronal apoptosis.Immunohistochemistry was conducted to measure the expression of α-synucle-in(α-syn),and Western blotting for the expression of Bax,Bcl-2 and SPAK/NKCC1 signaling pathway related proteins(WNK3,p-SPAK,SPAK,p-NKCC1 and NKCC1).Results Compared with the model group,the pathological damage of neurons in substantia nigra was reduced in low-and high dose TGP groups,reduced contents of IL-6,IL-1β and MDA,lower neuronal apoptotic rate,and declined expression of Bax,α-syn,WNK3,p-SPAK/SPAK,and p-NKCC1/NKCC1,but raised SOD content and Bcl-2 expression level(88.39±8.96 U/mg,119.57±12.01 U/mg vs 60.28±6.14 U/mg,P＜0.05;0.57±0.06,0.82±0.09 vs 0.38±0.04,P＜0.05).The intervention with WNK3 overexpression resulted in more severe pathological damage to neurons in the sub-stantia nigra,increased contents of IL-6,IL-1β and MDA,higher neuronal apoptotic rate,enhanced expression of Bax,α-syn,WNK3,p-SPAK/SPAK,and p-NKCC1/NKCC1,and reduced SOD con-tent and Bcl-2 expression level when compared with the high-dose TGP+negative control group(P＜0.05).Conclusion TGP exerts neuroprotective effects on PS rats,and its mechanism is re-lated to the inhibition of the SPAK/NKCC1 signaling pathway.

Objective To study the effect and mechanism of Shenshaoruangan Decoction on liver fibrosis in rats.Methods Seventy-two male Wistar rats were selected and normally fed for 1 week.Then they divided into the control group(n=12) and model constructing group(n=60).The model constructing group was subcutaneously and intraperitoneally injected by 40％ CCl4 olive oil for constructing fibrosis rat model.After successfully constructing model,which was divided into the model group(equivalent normal saline gavage),positive control group(colchicines 0.154 mg · kg-1 · d-1),low-dose group(2 mL per 100 g body mass,containing Shenshaoruangan Decoction crude drug 0.23 g/mL),medium-dose group(2 mL per 100 g body mass,containing Shenshaoruangan Decoction crude drug 0.46 g/mL) and high-dose group(100 g/2 mL,containing Shenshaoruangan Decoction crude drug 0.69 g/mL),12 cases in each group.The differences of related indicators rat hepatic fibrosis after 8-weeks treatment were observed.Results The control group was the stage 0 standard,the liver fibrosis degree in the positive control group was significantly better than that in the model group(P＜0.05);the liver fibrosis degree in the low-dose group,medium-dose group and high-dose group was gradually alleviated;the liver fibrosis degree in the high-dose group was significantly slighter than that in the model group and-dose group(P＜0.05).The detection values of PC-Ⅲ,LN,Ⅳ-C and HA in the model group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P＜0.05),and the detection values of PC-Ⅲ,LN,Ⅳ-C and HA in the positive control group,lowdose group,medium-dose group and high-dose group were significantly lower than those in the model group(P＜0.05).Serum SOD detection value of the model group was significantly lower than that in the control group(P＜0.05),the serum MDA level in the model group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P＜0.05);serum SOD level in the positive control group,low dose group,medium-dose group and high-dose group was significantly higher than that in the model group(P＜0.05),while serum MDA level in those group was significantly lower than that in the model group(P＜0.05).Conclusion Shenshaoruangan Decoction can effectively alleviate the liver fibrosis degree,and its mechanism is to reduce the levels of liver fibrosis indicators,inhibit the prodmotion of peroxides and alleviate the damage of free radicals on liver cells.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of modified Wendan Decoction combined with amlodipine tablets in treating hypertensive patients with phlegm-damp constitution, and the impact on patients' constitution and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Methods Totally 126 patients were randomly divided into two groups, 63 cases in each group. The treatment group was given modified Wendan Decoction combined with amlodipine tablets, while the control group received amlodipine tablets, for 12 weeks. The blood pressures, TCM phlegm-damp scores, and serum VEGF levels in both groups were observed before and after treatment. Antihypertensive effect between the two groups was compared. Results TCM phlegm-damp scores decreased significantly in the treatment group after treatment (P<0.01), while that was not significant in the control group (P>0.05). The treatment group was superior to the control group (P<0.01). The systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and serum VEGF level significantly decreased after treatment (P<0.01), and the indicators of treatment group were better than those of the control group (P<0.05). The total efficiency of treatment group and control group were 92.1%(58/63) and 76.2%(48/63), respectively, the difference was significant (P<0.05). Conclusion Modified Wendan Decoction combined with amlodipine tablets can significantly improve biased constitution in hypertension patients with phlegm-damp constitution, lower serum VEGF level, and improve endothelial function, with good antihypertensive effect.

To explore the synergistic action of Kangshen Tablet (KT), which has the functions of nourishing kidney, invigorating spleen, eliminating stasis and turbidity, in maintenance hemodialysis for chronic renal failure (CRF).Eighty cases of CRF were randomly allocated to Group A (maintenance hemodialysis alone) and Group B (KT combined with maintenance hemodialysis).Serum creatine (SCr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels, average times of hemodialysis per week, adequacy of hemodialysis, nutrition status, cellular immune function, survival rate and serum electrolyte levels were observed.After treatment, SCr and BUN levels were decreased, average times of hemodialysis per week reduced, adequacy of hemodialysis raised, nutrition status improved, cellular immune function promoted, survival rate increased and hyperphospheremia decreased in Group B (P