Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease has become a common chronic liver disease with changes in lifestyle and the increasing prevalence rate of overweight and obesity in adults and even children. The liver synthesizes bile acids via cholesterol metabolism, which are important signaling molecules that modulate and regulate host glucose, lipid metabolism, and immunity. Abnormal bile acid metabolism closely correlates with the occurrence and progression of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease. This article systematically organizes the research of bile acid metabolism in children and adults with metabolic-associated fatty liver disease from the perspective of analyzing bile acid profiles by mass spectrometry detection, and compares the characteristics of bile acid metabolic disorders across different age groups and different developmental stages of disease so as to provide a reference for subsequent research.

Objective:To investigate the effect of exosomes released from triple-negative breast cancer cells (TNBC) on immune cells after radiotherapy.Methods:When TNBC (3 types: MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-453, MDA-MB-468) reached 70% confluence, cells were irradiated with a dose of 8 Gy in one group and no intervention was given in the control group. The supernatants were collected at 48 h after irradiation. Subsequently, these supernatants were co-cultured with lymphocytes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and the uptake of exosomes by T cells was confirmed by fluorescence microscopy. Meanwhile, the expression of regulatory T cells (Treg) in the cells was detected using flow cytometry. Differences in Treg cell differentiation between two groups were compared by t-test (expressed as Treg cell positivity rate). Results:Transmission electron microscopy scanning and nanoparticle analysis showed that the extracellular vesicles extracted in the experiment were exosomes. Lymphocytes phagocytosed the exosomes and the exosomes were mainly concentrated in the cytoplasm after phagocytosis. Following the co-culture of 3 kinds of lymphocytes with exosomes from TNBC, there was an increase in Treg cell differentiation compared to control group (1.07%, 0.60%, 0.63% vs. 0.30%, P<0.01). In addition, exosomes released from TNBC further increased the differentiation of Treg cells after radiotherapy (MDA-MB-231 cells: 1.07% vs. 1.81%, P<0.01; MDA-MB-453 cells: 0.60% vs. 0.93%, P<0.05). Conclusions:In summary, exosomes released from TNBC can promote the differentiation of Treg cells. In addition, radiotherapy-induced exosomes released by TNBC further exacerbate the differentiation of Treg cell.

Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease has become a common chronic liver disease with changes in lifestyle and the increasing prevalence rate of overweight and obesity in adults and even children. The liver synthesizes bile acids via cholesterol metabolism, which are important signaling molecules that modulate and regulate host glucose, lipid metabolism, and immunity. Abnormal bile acid metabolism closely correlates with the occurrence and progression of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease. This article systematically organizes the research of bile acid metabolism in children and adults with metabolic-associated fatty liver disease from the perspective of analyzing bile acid profiles by mass spectrometry detection, and compares the characteristics of bile acid metabolic disorders across different age groups and different developmental stages of disease so as to provide a reference for subsequent research.

Objective:To investigate the effect of exosomes released from triple-negative breast cancer cells (TNBC) on immune cells after radiotherapy.Methods:When TNBC (3 types: MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-453, MDA-MB-468) reached 70% confluence, cells were irradiated with a dose of 8 Gy in one group and no intervention was given in the control group. The supernatants were collected at 48 h after irradiation. Subsequently, these supernatants were co-cultured with lymphocytes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and the uptake of exosomes by T cells was confirmed by fluorescence microscopy. Meanwhile, the expression of regulatory T cells (Treg) in the cells was detected using flow cytometry. Differences in Treg cell differentiation between two groups were compared by t-test (expressed as Treg cell positivity rate). Results:Transmission electron microscopy scanning and nanoparticle analysis showed that the extracellular vesicles extracted in the experiment were exosomes. Lymphocytes phagocytosed the exosomes and the exosomes were mainly concentrated in the cytoplasm after phagocytosis. Following the co-culture of 3 kinds of lymphocytes with exosomes from TNBC, there was an increase in Treg cell differentiation compared to control group (1.07%, 0.60%, 0.63% vs. 0.30%, P<0.01). In addition, exosomes released from TNBC further increased the differentiation of Treg cells after radiotherapy (MDA-MB-231 cells: 1.07% vs. 1.81%, P<0.01; MDA-MB-453 cells: 0.60% vs. 0.93%, P<0.05). Conclusions:In summary, exosomes released from TNBC can promote the differentiation of Treg cells. In addition, radiotherapy-induced exosomes released by TNBC further exacerbate the differentiation of Treg cell.

Breast cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in women and the second leading cause of death in female cancer patients. In recent years, the incidence of breast cancer has been increasing in China year by year, and the age of breast cancer patients becomes younger and younger. The pathogenesis of breast cancer is complex and related to many factors, such as age, family history and genetic variation. With the development of epigenetics, DNA modification plays an important role in the occurrence and development of breast cancer. This article reviews the research of DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation in breast cancer.

OBJECTIVE: To detect potential variant in an ethical Han Chinese pedigree affected with breast cancer. METHODS: The proband and her relatives were subjected to next-generation sequencing using a target capture sequencing kit containing 121 cancer-related genes. Candidate variants were selected by analysis of their type, frequency in population, and segregation with the phenotype. Candidate variant was verified by Sanger sequencing and TA cloning. RESULTS: A c.2013_2014ins GT variant was detected in the BRCA1 gene among all breast cancer patients from this pedigree but not among healthy females. The variant was not recorded in the 1000 Genome Project database or the Exome Aggregation Consortium (ExAC) database. The frameshifting insertion was predicted to form an premature stop codon in gene transcript and can give rise to a truncated protein. CONCLUSION The BRCA1 c.2013_2014ins GT variant probably underlies the pathogenesis of breast cancer in this Chinese pedigree.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; BRCA1 Protein ; genetics ; Breast Neoplasms ; genetics ; Exome ; Female ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ; Humans ; Pedigree ; Phenotype

English for medical laboratory is an instrumental course,which aims to develop students'competency in reading English literature,writing English scientific papers and conducting international academic exchanges in English.With the continuous expansion and deepening of international exchange and cooperation in laboratory medicine and the demands for training international talents in higher education in China,higher requirements have been put forward for the teaching quality of this course.According to the post competency requirements for professionals of medical laboratory,this paper mainly discusses the teaching mode of English for medical laboratory from the aspectsof educational concept,teaching material construction,teaching mode,assessment mechanism and teachers,hoping to play an active role in the teaching reform of English for medical laboratory at the undergraduate level.

Objective To evaluate the value of MSCT and MRI in diagnosis of early postoperative complications of inguinal hernia repair (IHR).Methods Imaging and clinical data in 1 6 patients with early complications of IHR were analyzed retrospectively.Re-sults Among the complications,postoperative infection in 2 was found including incision infection in 1 and groin cellulitis in other 1. CT showed swelling abdominal wall and heterogeneous enhancement for incision infection,and inguinal mass,deep inguinal ring thickening,edema of residual sac with fluid and air collections for groin cellulitis.Seroma was found in 8,and CT and MRI demon-strated residual sac effusion,spermatic cord thickening and spermatic vascular tortuosity.Residual sac edema was found in 4,and CT and MRI showed thickening spermatic cord without effusion in residual sac or scrotum.Effusions between patch and anterior abdom-inal wall were detected by MRI in 2,one of which was accompanied by patch shrinking.Conclusion With specific clinical background for early complications of IHR,MSCT and MRI provide more anatomical information of inguinal region,which may contribute to di-agnosis and treatment of early postoperative complications.

A modified dye test with microplate was to be established to detect Toxoplasma antibodies with cell-cultured Toxoplasma gondii. Numbers of stained and unstained tachyzoites were estimated in every 100 tachyzoites in each well after dyeing with methylene blue. The dilution with 50% tachyzoites stained was used as final dilution. Better results of the microplate dye test has been received when the concentration of tachyzoites in suspension reaches 109/ml with 1% sodium citrate as accessory factor.