ObjectiveTo investigate the association of the single nucleotide polymorphism （SNP） of the insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 （IGFBP3） gene at rs10225396 （A>G） locus with the susceptibility to hepatocellular carcinoma， as well as its potential molecular regulatory mechanisms， and to provide novel genetic biomarkers and a theoretical basis for early screening and precise targeted therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma. MethodsA total of 192 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who were admitted to The Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University and Yanbian Cancer Hospital from January 2009 to August 2016 were enrolled as experimental group， and 190 healthy individuals who underwent physical examination in Physical Examination Center of Yanbian Hospital during the same period of time were enrolled as control group. Peripheral blood samples were collected from all subjects， and after DNA was extracted from whole blood， the DNA samples meeting quality standards were sent to Beijing Genomics Institute Research Center Co.， Ltd.， for Mass ARRAY mass spectrometry， while genotyping was completed. The independent-samples t test was used for comparison of continuous data between two groups， and the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between two groups. A binary Logistic regression model was used to analyze the association of the SNP of the IGFBP3 gene at rs10225396 locus with the susceptibility to hepatocellular carcinoma， and odds ratio （OR） and 95% confidence interval （CI） were calculated to assess the risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma in individuals carrying different genotypes. ResultsThere were two alleles （G and A） at the rs10225396 locus of the IGFBP3 gene， yielding the three genotypes of AA， AG， and GG， and its genotype distribution was consistent with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium （χ²=0.072， P=0.789）. The stratified genetic analysis showed that carriers of the IGFBP3 rs10225396 AA genotype had a significant increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma among individuals of age <63 years， male sex， smoking history， drinking history， and the Chinese Korean population （all P<0.001）. The binary Logistic regression analysis showed that after adjustment for related risk factors in the codominant model， the population with genotype AG and GG had a significant reduction in the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma compared with the population with genotype AA （P<0.001）， and in the dominant model， the population with genotype AG+GG had a significant reduction in the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma compared with the population with genotype AA （P<0.001）. ConclusionThrough a genotyping analysis of hepatocellular carcinoma patients and healthy individuals in Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture of Jilin Province， China， this study shows that genotype AA at rs10225396 locus of the IGFBP3 gene is significantly associated with the susceptibility to hepatocellular carcinoma， and this genotype can significantly increase the risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma with the presence of specific risk factors， which provides a potential genetic marker for early screening and precise treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.

BACKGROUND:Antioxidants can alleviate cellular damage and matrix degradation caused by oxidative stress,protect the structure and function of intervertebral discs,and thus delay the occurrence and development of intervertebral disc degeneration.OBJECTIVE:To review the research status of antioxidants in the treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration.METHODS:The first author searched the articles included in CNKI and PubMed databases.The literature search time was from inception to June 2024.Chinese search terms were"intervertebral disc degeneration,antioxidants,oxidative stress,signaling pathways."English search terms were"antioxidants,oxidative stresses,oxidative DNA damage,intervertebral disc degenerations,degenerative disc disease*,disc degeneration*,signal pathway."Finally,92 articles that met the criteria were selected for review.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Antioxidants have multiple roles in the treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration,including reducing oxidative stress,inhibiting inflammatory responses,promoting autophagy,inhibiting apoptosis,and protecting the extracellular matrix.Through the combined effect of multiple pathways,antioxidants are expected to become an important means in the treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration.(2)The nano-hydrogel system can quickly and stably target the delivery of antioxidants to the inside of the intervertebral disc and improve the bioavailability of antioxidants.Therefore,the development of new antioxidants and antioxidant combination treatment strategies carried by nano-hydrogel systems will be the focus of future research.

Mastitis,as an important disease that endangers the development of the dairy industry,causes huge economic losses to the breeding industry.Staphylococcus aureus is one of the impor-tant pathogenic bacteria that cause mastitis in dairy cows.Previous studies have found that deoxy-cholic acid(DCA)plays an important role in many diseases,but its effect on mastitis has not been reported yet.In order to investigate the effect and mechanism of DCA on Staphylococcus aureus in-duced mouse mastitis,this study constructed a Staphylococcus aureus induced mouse mastitis model,mice were intraperitoneally injected DCA(0.01,0.02,0.03 mg/g),breast tissue were col-lected,and the protective effect and mechanism of DCA on mastitis were evalued.The results showed that DCA dose dependently reduced the pathological damage of mouse breast tissue in-duced by Staphylococcus aureus;DCA inhibited the expression of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β and MPO activity induced by Staphylococcus aureus;DCA significantly reduced the con-centration of MDA and iron ions,while upregulating the expression of GSH and GPX4,indicating that DCA could inhibit ferroptosis induced by Staphylococcus aureus;Western blot results showed that DCA could upregulate TGR5 receptors,thereby inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway.The above results indicate that DCA inhibits mastitis by regulating the TGR5-NF-κB signaling pathway to inhibit the inflammatory response and ferroptosis induced by Staphylococcus aureus.

BACKGROUND:Antioxidants can alleviate cellular damage and matrix degradation caused by oxidative stress,protect the structure and function of intervertebral discs,and thus delay the occurrence and development of intervertebral disc degeneration.OBJECTIVE:To review the research status of antioxidants in the treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration.METHODS:The first author searched the articles included in CNKI and PubMed databases.The literature search time was from inception to June 2024.Chinese search terms were"intervertebral disc degeneration,antioxidants,oxidative stress,signaling pathways."English search terms were"antioxidants,oxidative stresses,oxidative DNA damage,intervertebral disc degenerations,degenerative disc disease*,disc degeneration*,signal pathway."Finally,92 articles that met the criteria were selected for review.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Antioxidants have multiple roles in the treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration,including reducing oxidative stress,inhibiting inflammatory responses,promoting autophagy,inhibiting apoptosis,and protecting the extracellular matrix.Through the combined effect of multiple pathways,antioxidants are expected to become an important means in the treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration.(2)The nano-hydrogel system can quickly and stably target the delivery of antioxidants to the inside of the intervertebral disc and improve the bioavailability of antioxidants.Therefore,the development of new antioxidants and antioxidant combination treatment strategies carried by nano-hydrogel systems will be the focus of future research.

Objective:To analyze the patterns of change of brain function among civil pilots in prospective memory tasks by using task-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and a cue-based repetitive search task.Methods:A total of 85 subjects were enrolled, including 47 civil pilots (pilot group) and 38 ordinary workers (control group). The task-state fMRI data during the execution of the prospective memory task was analyzed using a general linear model to find out about the activation patterns of brain functions in the 2 groups in the 3 phases of encoding, maintenance, and retrieval of the prospective memory task. The differences in activation patterns between the 2 groups and correlations between regions of interest and the rate of accuracy, reaction time and flying hours were analyzed.Results:The repeated measurement analysis of variance showed that there were no interactions of reaction time or of the rate of accuracy between the task and grouping ( P>0.05), and that the difference in the main effect of grouping was significant ( F=5.67, 15.46, P=0.020, <0.001). The difference in the main effect of grouping on the rate of accuracy was significant ( F=5.42, P=0.022), and the rate of accuracy in the pilot group was higher than in the control group ( P=0.048). In the phase of encoding, the activation in the bilateral cerebellum, bilateral superior frontal gyrus, bilateral fusiform gyrus, and temporal lobe regions decreased in the pilot group compared with the control group ( t=2.68-4.13, all P<0.05), while the activation in the fusiform gyrus and the right parietal superior gyrus increased, and the differences were statistically significant ( t=3.28, 3.35, 3.02, P=0.038, 0.024, 0.042). During the phase of maintenance, the pilot group showed significantly reduced activation in the bilateral cerebellum, bilateral medial superior frontal gyrus, bilateral middle occipital gyri, and the right middle temporal gyrus compared with the control group ( t=2.24-3.36, P<0.05 or 0.01). In the retrieval phase, activation in the right peri-calcarine cortex, bilateral caudate nuclei, and bilateral precentral and postcentral gyri was enhanced in the pilot group compared with the control group ( t=2.57-3.35, all P<0.05), especially in the right middle frontal gyrus ( t=3.12, P=0.007). In the encoding phase, activation was increased in the left fusiform gyrus and right parietal superior gyrus of the pilot group, which was positively correlated with flying hours in the last 3 months ( r=0.347, 0.418, P=0.020, 0.005). Conclusions:Due to long-term flights, the way in which such regions as the frontal lobe, cerebellum, and default mode network are activated in civil pilots is likely to undergo some changes during prospective memory activities, which is why they have higher processing efficiency when performing prospective memory tasks.

With the rapid development of competitive sports, the incidence of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is on the rise. Such injuries may shorten athletes′ career and lead to other long-term adverse consequences. Although athletes generally recover well after ACL reconstruction, many still struggle to return to their pre-injury performance levels. Advances in the understanding of ACL anatomy and injury mechanisms, along with the evolution of surgical techniques and rehabilitation methods, have provided more individualized and tailored options for athletes following ACL injuries. However, there is currently no consensus in China regarding surgical and rehabilitation strategies for competitive athletes aiming to return to sports after ACL injuries. To this end, the Sports Medicine Committee of the Chinese Research Hospital Association and the Editorial Board of the Chinese Journal of Trauma jointly formulated the Expert consensus on surgical treatment and rehabilitation for competitive sports athletes returning to sports after anterior cruciate ligament injury ( version 2025), and presented 14 recommendations covering surgical indications, preoperative rehabilitation, surgical timing, surgical strategies and postoperative rehabilitation strategies, aiming to improve the surgical treatment and rehabilitation system for ACL injuries in competitive athletes and facilitate their return to high-level sports performance after injury.

Digital technologies have become an integral part of complete denture restoration. With advancement in computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM), tools such as intraoral scanning, facial scanning, 3D printing, and numerical control machining are reshaping the workflow of complete denture restoration. Unlike conventional methods that rely heavily on clinical experience and manual techniques, digital technologies offer greater precision, predictability, and efficacy. They also streamline the process by reducing the number of patient visits and improving overall comfort. Despite these improvements, the clinical application of digital complete denture restoration still faces challenges that require further standardization. The major issues include appropriate case selection, establishing consistent digital workflows, and evaluating long-term outcomes. To address these challenges and provide clinical guidance for practitioners, this expert consensus outlines the principles, advantages, and limitations of digital complete denture technology. The aim of this review was to offer practical recommendations on indications, clinical procedures and precautions, evaluation metrics, and outcome assessment to support digital restoration of complete denture in clinical practice.
Humans ; Denture, Complete ; Computer-Aided Design ; Denture Design/methods* ; Consensus ; Printing, Three-Dimensional

Mastitis,as an important disease that endangers the development of the dairy industry,causes huge economic losses to the breeding industry.Staphylococcus aureus is one of the impor-tant pathogenic bacteria that cause mastitis in dairy cows.Previous studies have found that deoxy-cholic acid(DCA)plays an important role in many diseases,but its effect on mastitis has not been reported yet.In order to investigate the effect and mechanism of DCA on Staphylococcus aureus in-duced mouse mastitis,this study constructed a Staphylococcus aureus induced mouse mastitis model,mice were intraperitoneally injected DCA(0.01,0.02,0.03 mg/g),breast tissue were col-lected,and the protective effect and mechanism of DCA on mastitis were evalued.The results showed that DCA dose dependently reduced the pathological damage of mouse breast tissue in-duced by Staphylococcus aureus;DCA inhibited the expression of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β and MPO activity induced by Staphylococcus aureus;DCA significantly reduced the con-centration of MDA and iron ions,while upregulating the expression of GSH and GPX4,indicating that DCA could inhibit ferroptosis induced by Staphylococcus aureus;Western blot results showed that DCA could upregulate TGR5 receptors,thereby inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway.The above results indicate that DCA inhibits mastitis by regulating the TGR5-NF-κB signaling pathway to inhibit the inflammatory response and ferroptosis induced by Staphylococcus aureus.

With the rapid development of competitive sports, the incidence of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is on the rise. Such injuries may shorten athletes′ career and lead to other long-term adverse consequences. Although athletes generally recover well after ACL reconstruction, many still struggle to return to their pre-injury performance levels. Advances in the understanding of ACL anatomy and injury mechanisms, along with the evolution of surgical techniques and rehabilitation methods, have provided more individualized and tailored options for athletes following ACL injuries. However, there is currently no consensus in China regarding surgical and rehabilitation strategies for competitive athletes aiming to return to sports after ACL injuries. To this end, the Sports Medicine Committee of the Chinese Research Hospital Association and the Editorial Board of the Chinese Journal of Trauma jointly formulated the Expert consensus on surgical treatment and rehabilitation for competitive sports athletes returning to sports after anterior cruciate ligament injury ( version 2025), and presented 14 recommendations covering surgical indications, preoperative rehabilitation, surgical timing, surgical strategies and postoperative rehabilitation strategies, aiming to improve the surgical treatment and rehabilitation system for ACL injuries in competitive athletes and facilitate their return to high-level sports performance after injury.

Objective:To analyze the patterns of change of brain function among civil pilots in prospective memory tasks by using task-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and a cue-based repetitive search task.Methods:A total of 85 subjects were enrolled, including 47 civil pilots (pilot group) and 38 ordinary workers (control group). The task-state fMRI data during the execution of the prospective memory task was analyzed using a general linear model to find out about the activation patterns of brain functions in the 2 groups in the 3 phases of encoding, maintenance, and retrieval of the prospective memory task. The differences in activation patterns between the 2 groups and correlations between regions of interest and the rate of accuracy, reaction time and flying hours were analyzed.Results:The repeated measurement analysis of variance showed that there were no interactions of reaction time or of the rate of accuracy between the task and grouping ( P>0.05), and that the difference in the main effect of grouping was significant ( F=5.67, 15.46, P=0.020, <0.001). The difference in the main effect of grouping on the rate of accuracy was significant ( F=5.42, P=0.022), and the rate of accuracy in the pilot group was higher than in the control group ( P=0.048). In the phase of encoding, the activation in the bilateral cerebellum, bilateral superior frontal gyrus, bilateral fusiform gyrus, and temporal lobe regions decreased in the pilot group compared with the control group ( t=2.68-4.13, all P<0.05), while the activation in the fusiform gyrus and the right parietal superior gyrus increased, and the differences were statistically significant ( t=3.28, 3.35, 3.02, P=0.038, 0.024, 0.042). During the phase of maintenance, the pilot group showed significantly reduced activation in the bilateral cerebellum, bilateral medial superior frontal gyrus, bilateral middle occipital gyri, and the right middle temporal gyrus compared with the control group ( t=2.24-3.36, P<0.05 or 0.01). In the retrieval phase, activation in the right peri-calcarine cortex, bilateral caudate nuclei, and bilateral precentral and postcentral gyri was enhanced in the pilot group compared with the control group ( t=2.57-3.35, all P<0.05), especially in the right middle frontal gyrus ( t=3.12, P=0.007). In the encoding phase, activation was increased in the left fusiform gyrus and right parietal superior gyrus of the pilot group, which was positively correlated with flying hours in the last 3 months ( r=0.347, 0.418, P=0.020, 0.005). Conclusions:Due to long-term flights, the way in which such regions as the frontal lobe, cerebellum, and default mode network are activated in civil pilots is likely to undergo some changes during prospective memory activities, which is why they have higher processing efficiency when performing prospective memory tasks.