ObjectiveHyperlipidemia （HLP） is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by abnormal lipid metabolism and is one of the important risk factors for the occurrence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Its incidence has increased year by year， showing a trend toward younger onset. The overall prevalence of HLP among adults in China is as high as 40.40%. Although existing animal models provide important tools for research on the mechanisms of HLP， they generally show insufficient clinical concordance and lack the combined disease-syndrome characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and Western medicine. This article systematically reviews the research progress of HLP animal models， integrates the clinicopathological characteristics of TCM and Western medicine， and proposes new model construction strategies， aiming to provide an experimental basis for accurately analyzing the pathogenesis of HLP and developing integrated TCM-Western medicine therapies. MethodsBased on literature included in PubMed， CNKI， and Wanfang databases over the past 30 years， the construction methods and evaluation systems of HLP animal models were systematically retrieved and summarized. The concordance of existing animal models was calculated according to the new animal model evaluation method proposed by Professor MIAO Mingsan. ResultsAmong existing Western medicine modeling approaches， genetically modified models showed the highest concordance （72%）， followed by dietary induction （66%） and chemical drug induction （60%）. The dietary induction method is the most widely used in practice because of its simple operation and mature technology. Existing TCM modeling approaches are classified into three types， i.e.， spleen deficiency type， phlegm syndrome type， and liver-kidney yin deficiency type. Among them， the phlegm syndrome type shows a high degree of concordance. However， all three types have the problem of non-objective evaluation indicators and insufficient application of tongue and pulse assessment. ConclusionThe construction of existing HLP disease-syndrome combined animal models is still mainly based on Western medicine modeling methods and lacks adequate reflection of TCM syndromes. In the future， HLP animal models that conform to the clinical disease-syndrome characteristics of both TCM and Western medicine may be constructed through multifactor composite modeling strategies， intelligent tongue image analysis via robot learning， objective pulse detection， the establishment of objective evaluation systems for TCM syndromes through big data computing， and the application of cutting-edge technologies.

Objective To evaluate the application value of F wave by comparison with quantitative sensory testing(QST)and nerve conduction studies(NCS)in diabetes peripheral neuropathy (DPN). Methods Three hundred and fourteen diabetic patients with symptom of DPN were retrospectively analyzed, who were recruited and divided into four groups according the course of diabetes mellitus: ≤ 3 years group, 4-6 years group, 7-9 years group and >9 years group. The abnormal rates of QST, NCS and F wave were analyzed and compared. Results At earlier course of disease (≤ 3 years group, 4- 6 years group), the abnormal rate of QST [76.54%(62/81), 91.67% (88/96)]>F wave[(48.15%(39/81),64.58%(62/96)]>NCS[(32.10%(26/81),47.92%(46/96)], and there were significant differences(P<0.01).The abnormal rate of QST, F wave and NCS at 7-9 years group and>9 years group had no significant differences(P>0.05).The abnormal rate of QST in 4-6 years group[(91.67%(88/96)]was higher than that in≤3 years group[(76.54%(62/81)],and decreased in 7-9 years group and >9 years group. The abnormal rate of NCS was increased with course of disease, and the range was obviously between close together group. The abnormal rate of F wave was increased with course of disease,but in 4-6 years group the range was obvious and the range was slow down.At earlier course of disease (≤3 years group, 4-6 years group), the abnormal rate of only F wave significantly increased the abnormal rate of NCS + F wave from 30.86%(25/81), 44.79% (43/96)to 46.91%(38/81), 61.46%(59/96)respectively, but in 7-9 years group and>9 years group, the abnormal rate of only F wave increased the abnormal rate of NCS + F wave from 69.44%(50/72), 84.61%(55/65)to 72.22% (52/72),86.15%(56/65).Conclusions Although the abnormal rate of F wave is not as high as QST, it is still remarkable. Detection of F wave shows positive correlations with the course of disease, which can reflect the course of disease objectively and reliably.The added F wave detection can distinctly raise the abnormal rates on the base of NCS.

Objective To investigate the effect of curcumin pretreatment on endoplasmic reticulum stress induced by global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) in rats. Methods One hundred forty-four male SD rats weighing 200-250 g were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 36 each): sham operation group (group S) ; I/Rgroup; curcumin group (group Cur) and vehicle control group (group VC). Global cerebral I/R was produced by four-vessel occlusion technique in S, I/R, Cur, VC groups. Bilateral vertebral arteries were cauterized. Bilateral common carotid arteries were occluded by clipping for 15 min. Curcumin 200 mg/kg was injected intraperitoneally (IP) at 1 h before cerebral ischemia. Global cerebral ischemia was confirmed by unconsciousness and disappearance of papillary and righting reflex. Animals were sacrificed at 12 h, 1,3 and 7 d of reperfusion. Neuronal apoptosis in hippocampal CA1 region was detected by TUNEL assay. Apoptosis index (AI) was calculated. The expression of glucose regulated protein 78 (GRP78) ,growth arrest and DNA damage inducible gene 153 (GADD153) and caspase-12 protein in hippocampal region was assessed by Western blot analysis. Results Cerebral I/R significantly increased AI and GRP78 and caspase-12 protein expression in hippocampus as compared with group S( P <0.05) . Curcumin pretreatment significantly decreased AI, increased GRP78 protein expression and decreased caspase-12 protein expression as compared with group I/R ( P < 0.05) . There was no significant difference in the GADD153 protein expression among Cur, VC and I/R groups ( P > 0.05) . Conclusion Curcumin pretreatment can significantly reduce global cerebral I/R-induced neuronal apoptosis in hippocampus by increasing GRP78 expression and decreasing easpase-12 expression in hippocampus.

Objective To explore the expression of growth associated protein-43(GAP-43)in the inferior colliculus in rats following bilateral cochlear ablation.Methods 35 healthy adult SD rats were randomly divided into 7 groups:3,7,14,21,28,90 days following bilateral cochlear ablation and the sham operation group as the control group.The immunohistochemistry was used to observe the expression of GAP-43 after bilateral cochlear ablation in each group.Results GAP-43 was expressed in each group.The GAP-43 expression in bilateral cochlear ablation group were higher than that in the control group.The expression increased at 3 days,followed by a constant increase at 7 to 14 days with the peak on day 14.On day 21 the GAP-43 expression began to decrease.The mean gray level of GAP-43 in all the staining of groups had statistic significance compared to the control group except the group of day 90.However,in all the 7 groups,the mean gray level between the left and right ears had no statistic significance.Conclusion The change of GAP-43 expression in the inferior colliculus following bilateral cochlear ablation reflects synaptic plasticity in inferior colliculus the neurons.