Research indicates that microbe activity within the human body significantly influences health by being closely linked to various diseases. Accurately predicting microbe-disease interactions (MDIs) offers critical insights for disease intervention and pharmaceutical research. Current advanced AI-based technologies automatically generate robust representations of microbes and diseases, enabling effective MDI predictions. However, these models continue to face significant challenges. A major issue is their reliance on complex feature extractors and classifiers, which substantially diminishes the models' generalizability. To address this, we introduce a novel graph autoencoder framework that utilizes decoupled representation learning and multi-scale information fusion strategies to efficiently infer potential MDIs. Initially, we randomly mask portions of the input microbe-disease graph based on Bernoulli distribution to boost self-supervised training and minimize noise-related performance degradation. Secondly, we employ decoupled representation learning technology, compelling the graph neural network (GNN) to independently learn the weights for each feature subspace, thus enhancing its expressive power. Finally, we implement multi-scale information fusion technology to amalgamate the multi-layer outputs of GNN, reducing information loss due to occlusion. Extensive experiments on public datasets demonstrate that our model significantly surpasses existing top MDI prediction models. This indicates that our model can accurately predict unknown MDIs and is likely to aid in disease discovery and precision pharmaceutical research. Code and data are accessible at: https://github.com/shmildsj/MDI-IFDRL.

Objective To investigate the clinical features,etiology,diagnosis and treatment of acute auditory agnosia.Methods We studied the clinical manifestation,diagnosis and treatment of acute auditory agnosia in a patient in our hospital.Results A 28 year oldyoung woman visited our department because she suffered from the tinnitus for 7 days and she could not distinguish the semantics for 1 day.There were no other abnormal symptoms in the central and peripheral nervous system on admission.Audiological testing showed normal,language testing showed that the speech discrimination score was zero.MRI showed extensive damage to temporal lope.MR spectroscopy revealed increased lactate and reduced N-acetyl aspartate.Acute auditory agnosia resulted from mitochondrial myopathy was considered.After symptomatic treatment,the symptoms were significantly improved.Molecular genetics examination showed the A3243G mtDNA mutation,further confirmed the diagnosis of mitochondrial encephalomyopathy with lactic acidosis and stroke like episodes (MELAS) syndrome.Conclusion Acute auditory agnosia and acute tinnitus can be the first symptoms in MELAS,thus,MELAS should be suspected in patients with acute auditory agnosia,acute tinnitus,sudden hearing loss in children and youth.Imaging examination plays an important role in the etiological diagnosis of acute auditory agnosia.

To study the effects of ouabain on the inner ear glial cells, and to lay the foundation for the study of stem cell transplantation in the treatment of sensorineural hearing loss.Methods Sixty adult female SPF grade CBA / J mice were randomly divided into experimental group and control group, with 30 mice in each group.Animals in the experimental group received 3mM ouabain via the round window membrane, while mice in control group received normal saline.The mice were sacrificed at 7 days, 14 days and 30 days after the administration,respectively.Immunofluorescence histochemical staining was used to detect the inner ear glial cells in spiral ganglion.Results Some inner ear glial cells survived in the spiral ganglion of the experimental group, while with decreased numbers and disorganized structure compared to those of in the control group.Comparing to those of in the control group, the number and density of inner ear glial cells in the experimental group were significantly decreased from 7 days afterouabain administration,further decreased at 14 days and reduced to the lowest at 30 days after ouabain administration, the differences between the 2 groups were statistically significant (P < 0.05).Among the experimental group, the number of inner ear glial cells at 30 days was significantly decreased when compared to those of at 7 days and 14 days, respectively.Conclusion Application of ouabain to mouse inner ear via the round window membrane leads to an acute and progressive direct damage to the inner ear glial cells in the spiral ganglion.

Eosine Yellowish-(YS) ; Frozen Sections ; Hematoxylin ; Humans ; Staining and Labeling

Objective To explore the expression of growth associated protein-43(GAP-43)in the inferior colliculus in rats following bilateral cochlear ablation.Methods 35 healthy adult SD rats were randomly divided into 7 groups:3,7,14,21,28,90 days following bilateral cochlear ablation and the sham operation group as the control group.The immunohistochemistry was used to observe the expression of GAP-43 after bilateral cochlear ablation in each group.Results GAP-43 was expressed in each group.The GAP-43 expression in bilateral cochlear ablation group were higher than that in the control group.The expression increased at 3 days,followed by a constant increase at 7 to 14 days with the peak on day 14.On day 21 the GAP-43 expression began to decrease.The mean gray level of GAP-43 in all the staining of groups had statistic significance compared to the control group except the group of day 90.However,in all the 7 groups,the mean gray level between the left and right ears had no statistic significance.Conclusion The change of GAP-43 expression in the inferior colliculus following bilateral cochlear ablation reflects synaptic plasticity in inferior colliculus the neurons.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the changes of GABA and GABAergic neurons in rat inferior colliculus following unilateral cochlear damage and explore the function and significance of GABA in reorganization of auditory center after deafferentation. METHOD: Twenty sprague dawley rats were divided into four groups randomly. The technique of direct anti-GABA immunocytochemistry (SP) was used in this study. The quantity of GABA was measured by 835-50 type Amino Acid Automatism Analyzer and compared at one week, two weeks and one month after unilateral cochlear ablation, respectively. RESULT: Compared with controlled groups, the quantity levels of GABA decreased and the number of GABAergic neurons also reduced one week after unilateral cochlear damage and there was a significant difference in GABA between two groups( P <0. 05); after one month, the quantity of GABA and the number of GABAergic neurons almost reached the normal level, the differences were no significant. CONCLUSION The dynamic change of GABA in rat inferior colliculus reflected the neuronal activity, which implied that GABA may play an important role in reorganization of auditory center after unilateral cochlear damage.
Animals ; Cochlea ; metabolism ; pathology ; Inferior Colliculi ; metabolism ; Neurons ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid ; metabolism

OBJECTIVE To d e f i n e t h e microsurgical anatomy and exposure obtained by the maxillary swing approach. METHODS Ten adult cadaver specimens fixed by formalin solution were dissected under 5 to 20 times magnification. The microsurgical anatomy and measurement were performed by mimicking the maxillary swing approach. The anatomic relationship of the muscles, arteries,veins,nerves were carefully recorded. RESULTS The maxillary swing approach provides wide exposure extending from the central base to the lateral cranial base,including turkish saddle,the ipsilateral cavernous sinus,the clivus and C1,the nasopharynx,the pterygopalatine and infratemporal fossa,and the parapharyngeal space,etc. CONCLUSION The maxillary swing approach provides a suitable route for accessing lesions involving both the central and lateral cranial base. The sphenoid pterygoid process,the Eustachian tube,and the lateral pharyngeal wall separates the central cranial base from the lateral cranial base and limits anterolateral access to the central cranial base. Removing the pterygoid process provides exposure extending from the central to the lateral cranial base and allows for wide anterolateral access to the clivus and upper cervical spine. The maxillary swing approach is difficult and limited to reach the poststyloid compartment of the parapharyngeal space,the lateral region of styloid process,the horizontal segment of the petrous carotid.

OBJECTIVE To observe the changes of GABA and Glu in rat inferior colliculus following unilateral cochlear ablation and explore the function and significance of GABA and Glu in reorganization of auditory center after deafferentation. METHODS Twenty-five Sprangue Dawley (SD) rats were divided randomly into 5 groups. The content of GABA and Glu were measured by 835-50 type Amino Acid Automatism Analyzer and compared at 1 week, 2 week and 1 month after unilateral cochlear ablation respectively. RESULTS Compared with sham operated groups, the content levels of GABA decreased (from 78.00?7.50 to 51.65?10.36, about decreasing 33.6 %)1 week after unilateral cochlear ablation and there was a significant difference in GABA levels between 2 groups(P0.05). CONCLUSION The dynamic change of GABA and Glu in rat inferior colliculus reflected the neuronal activity, which implied both GABA and Glu may play an important role in reorganization of auditory center after unilateral cochlea ablation.