Background: The genetic basis for hyperglycaemia in pregnancy remain unclear. This study aimed to uncover the genetic determinants of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and investigate their applications. Methods: We performed a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for GDM in Chinese women (464 cases and 1,217 controls), followed by de novo replications in an independent Chinese cohort (564 cases and 572 controls) and in silico replication in European (12,332 cases and 131,109 controls) and multi-ethnic populations (5,485 cases and 347,856 controls). A polygenic risk score (PRS) was derived based on the identified variants. Results: Using the genome-wide scan and candidate gene approaches, we identified four susceptibility loci for GDM. These included three previously reported loci for GDM and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) at MTNR1B (rs7945617, odds ratio [OR], 1.64; 95% confidence interval [CI],1.38 to 1.96]), CDKAL1 (rs7754840, OR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.13 to 1.58), and INS-IGF2-KCNQ1 (rs2237897, OR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.23 to 1.79), as well as a novel genome-wide significant locus near TBR1-SLC4A10 (rs117781972, OR, 2.05; 95% CI, 1.61 to 2.62; Pmeta=7.6×10-9), which has not been previously reported in GWAS for T2DM or glycaemic traits. Moreover, we found that women with a high PRS (top quintile) had over threefold (95% CI, 2.30 to 4.09; Pmeta=3.1×10-14) and 71% (95% CI, 1.08 to 2.71; P=0.0220) higher risk for GDM and abnormal glucose tolerance post-pregnancy, respectively, compared to other individuals. Conclusion Our results indicate that the genetic architecture of glucose metabolism exhibits both similarities and differences between the pregnant and non-pregnant states. Integrating genetic information can facilitate identification of pregnant women at a higher risk of developing GDM or later diabetes.

Background: The genetic basis for hyperglycaemia in pregnancy remain unclear. This study aimed to uncover the genetic determinants of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and investigate their applications. Methods: We performed a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for GDM in Chinese women (464 cases and 1,217 controls), followed by de novo replications in an independent Chinese cohort (564 cases and 572 controls) and in silico replication in European (12,332 cases and 131,109 controls) and multi-ethnic populations (5,485 cases and 347,856 controls). A polygenic risk score (PRS) was derived based on the identified variants. Results: Using the genome-wide scan and candidate gene approaches, we identified four susceptibility loci for GDM. These included three previously reported loci for GDM and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) at MTNR1B (rs7945617, odds ratio [OR], 1.64; 95% confidence interval [CI],1.38 to 1.96]), CDKAL1 (rs7754840, OR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.13 to 1.58), and INS-IGF2-KCNQ1 (rs2237897, OR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.23 to 1.79), as well as a novel genome-wide significant locus near TBR1-SLC4A10 (rs117781972, OR, 2.05; 95% CI, 1.61 to 2.62; Pmeta=7.6×10-9), which has not been previously reported in GWAS for T2DM or glycaemic traits. Moreover, we found that women with a high PRS (top quintile) had over threefold (95% CI, 2.30 to 4.09; Pmeta=3.1×10-14) and 71% (95% CI, 1.08 to 2.71; P=0.0220) higher risk for GDM and abnormal glucose tolerance post-pregnancy, respectively, compared to other individuals. Conclusion Our results indicate that the genetic architecture of glucose metabolism exhibits both similarities and differences between the pregnant and non-pregnant states. Integrating genetic information can facilitate identification of pregnant women at a higher risk of developing GDM or later diabetes.

Background: The genetic basis for hyperglycaemia in pregnancy remain unclear. This study aimed to uncover the genetic determinants of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and investigate their applications. Methods: We performed a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for GDM in Chinese women (464 cases and 1,217 controls), followed by de novo replications in an independent Chinese cohort (564 cases and 572 controls) and in silico replication in European (12,332 cases and 131,109 controls) and multi-ethnic populations (5,485 cases and 347,856 controls). A polygenic risk score (PRS) was derived based on the identified variants. Results: Using the genome-wide scan and candidate gene approaches, we identified four susceptibility loci for GDM. These included three previously reported loci for GDM and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) at MTNR1B (rs7945617, odds ratio [OR], 1.64; 95% confidence interval [CI],1.38 to 1.96]), CDKAL1 (rs7754840, OR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.13 to 1.58), and INS-IGF2-KCNQ1 (rs2237897, OR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.23 to 1.79), as well as a novel genome-wide significant locus near TBR1-SLC4A10 (rs117781972, OR, 2.05; 95% CI, 1.61 to 2.62; Pmeta=7.6×10-9), which has not been previously reported in GWAS for T2DM or glycaemic traits. Moreover, we found that women with a high PRS (top quintile) had over threefold (95% CI, 2.30 to 4.09; Pmeta=3.1×10-14) and 71% (95% CI, 1.08 to 2.71; P=0.0220) higher risk for GDM and abnormal glucose tolerance post-pregnancy, respectively, compared to other individuals. Conclusion Our results indicate that the genetic architecture of glucose metabolism exhibits both similarities and differences between the pregnant and non-pregnant states. Integrating genetic information can facilitate identification of pregnant women at a higher risk of developing GDM or later diabetes.

BackgroundAggressive behavior in schizophrenic patients could result in legal disputes and public safety concerns. In patients with illness episodes of different numbers， there may exist differences in the association between levels of novel inflammatory indicators and aggressivity. ObjectiveTo investigate the differences in the correlation between levels of novel inflammatory indicators and aggressivity in patients with first-episode and recurrent schizophrenia， in order to search for inflammatory biomarkers to assess aggression level in schizophrenic patients. MethodsA total of 168 schizophrenic patients were selected as subjects， who were hospitalized for acute disease onset in Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University from October 2022 to April 2024 as well as met the diagnostic criteria of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders， fifth edition （DSM-5）. Patients were divided into first-episode group （n=58） and recurrent group （n=110）. Meanwhile， 110 healthy controls from community who matched in age and gender with the patient group were recruited. All patients were evaluated with Modified Overt Aggression Scale （MOAS） and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale （PANSS）. All subjects went through examination of the levels of novel inflammatory indicators， including neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio （NLR）， monocyte/lymphocyte ratio （MLR）， platelet/lymphocyte ratio （PLR）， neutrophil/high-density lipoprotein ratio （NHR）， monocyte/high-density lipoprotein ratio （MHR） and platelet/high-density lipoprotein ratio （PHR）. Spearman correlation analysis was adopted to investigate the correlation between levels of novel inflammatory indicators and the total score of MOAS in patients with first-episode and recurrent schizophrenia. ResultsThe levels of NLR， MLR， PLR， NHR， MHR and PHR in first-episode group were higher than those in control group （adjusted P<0.01）. The levels of NLR， MLR， NHR， MHR and PHR in recurrent group were higher than those in control group （adjusted P<0.01）. No significant difference was observed in the comparison in the levels of six novel inflammatory indicators between first-episode group and recurrent group （adjusted P>0.05）. Spearman correlation analysis showed， the MOAS total score of recurrent group was positively correlated with the levels of NLR， MLR and PLR （r=0.234， 0.192， 0.243， P<0.05）. There was no statistical significance in the correlation between MOAS total score and levels of six novel inflammatory indicators in first-episode group （P>0.05）. ConclusionAmong patients with first-episode and recurrent schizophrenia， the correlation between levels of novel inflammatory indicators and aggressivity could differ. NLR， MLR and PLR might be the biomarkers for assessing aggression level in recurrent schizophrenic patients. ［Funded by Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation （number， 2108085MH275）］

Background: The genetic basis for hyperglycaemia in pregnancy remain unclear. This study aimed to uncover the genetic determinants of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and investigate their applications. Methods: We performed a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for GDM in Chinese women (464 cases and 1,217 controls), followed by de novo replications in an independent Chinese cohort (564 cases and 572 controls) and in silico replication in European (12,332 cases and 131,109 controls) and multi-ethnic populations (5,485 cases and 347,856 controls). A polygenic risk score (PRS) was derived based on the identified variants. Results: Using the genome-wide scan and candidate gene approaches, we identified four susceptibility loci for GDM. These included three previously reported loci for GDM and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) at MTNR1B (rs7945617, odds ratio [OR], 1.64; 95% confidence interval [CI],1.38 to 1.96]), CDKAL1 (rs7754840, OR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.13 to 1.58), and INS-IGF2-KCNQ1 (rs2237897, OR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.23 to 1.79), as well as a novel genome-wide significant locus near TBR1-SLC4A10 (rs117781972, OR, 2.05; 95% CI, 1.61 to 2.62; Pmeta=7.6×10-9), which has not been previously reported in GWAS for T2DM or glycaemic traits. Moreover, we found that women with a high PRS (top quintile) had over threefold (95% CI, 2.30 to 4.09; Pmeta=3.1×10-14) and 71% (95% CI, 1.08 to 2.71; P=0.0220) higher risk for GDM and abnormal glucose tolerance post-pregnancy, respectively, compared to other individuals. Conclusion Our results indicate that the genetic architecture of glucose metabolism exhibits both similarities and differences between the pregnant and non-pregnant states. Integrating genetic information can facilitate identification of pregnant women at a higher risk of developing GDM or later diabetes.

Objective To investigate the occupational health status of the radiation workers in Xiamen, China, and provide direction and basis for improvement of occupational health surveillance. Methods After excluding duplicate records, a total of 7000 individuals who underwent occupational health examinations due to radiation exposure in Xiamen City from 2022 to 2023 were selected. Among them, 2499 individuals underwent examinations before employment, 4090 during employment, and 411 at the time of job separation. The results were analyzed. Results A total of 6979 (99.7%) individuals were deemed fit to engage (or continue engaging) in radiation work or to leave the position, while 21 (0.3%) individuals were found unfit. In the routine medical examinations of different genders, the items with relatively high abnormal rates included overweight and obesity (35.22%, χ² = 43.29, P < 0.01), abnormal liver function (33.74%, χ² = 153.53, P < 0.01), abnormal renal function (25.83%, χ² = 195.22, P < 0.01), and hyperuricemia (24.53%, χ² = 267.78, P < 0.01). For all of these items, the abnormality rates were significantly higher in males than in females. The abnormal rates of examination items related to radiation hazard factors were generally higher for females than for males. Statistically significant gender differences were observed in lens abnormality rate (χ² = 11.38, P < 0.001), the decrease rate of white blood cells (χ² = 12.04, P < 0.001), the abnormal rate of red blood cells (χ² = 25.47, P < 0.01), the abnormal rate of platelets (χ² = 88.07, P < 0.01), and the micronucleus rate of peripheral blood lymphocytes (χ² = 6.98，P = 0.008). The difference in micronucleus rate of peripheral blood lymphocytes among groups with different years of radiation exposure was statistically significant, and the rate increased with increasing exposure years. Conclusion Long-term exposure to radiation has a certain impact on the health of radiation workers. Radiation workers should enhance radiation protection measures, increase the awareness of protection, and reduce radiation-related damage.

Objective To systematically review the efficacy of anti-inflammatory drugs in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy(DN).Methods Databases including PubMed,The Cochrane Library,EMbase,Web of Science,Scopus,Ovid,ProQuest,CBM,CNKI,WanFang Data,VIP and Duxiu data were electronically searched to collect randomized controlled trials(RCTs)of anti-inflammatory drugs for DN from inception to April 5,2022.Two reviewers independently screened the literature,extracted data,and assessed the risk of bias of the included studies.RevMan 5.4 software were then used to perform Meta-analysis.Results A total of 29 literature and 26 RCTs involving 4 095 patients were included.The results of Meta-analysis showed that compared with conventional treatment,conventional treatment combined with anti-inflammatory drugs could effectively reduce urinary albumin to creatinine ratio[SMD=-0.17,95％CI(-0.31,-0.03),P=0.02],urinary albumin excretion rate[SMD=-0.37,95％CI(-0.56,-0.18),P=0.000 1],urinary protein excretion rate[SMD=-0.97,95％CI(-1.29,-0.64),P=0.000 01],and glycosylated hemoglobin[SMD=-0.17,95％CI(-0.27,-0.08),P=0.000 4],while there was no significant difference in reducing serum creatinine[SMD=-0.04,95％CI(-0.19,0.1),P=0.57],urea nitrogen[MD=-0.23,95％CI(-0.50,0.04),P=0.09]and fasting blood glucose[SMD=-0.15,95％CI(-0.32,0.02),P=0.08].There was no statistically significant difference in changing glomerular filtration rate(GFR)[SMD=-0.04,95％CI(-0.15,0.07),P=0.47]with multiple drugs,except for a few drugs.Conclusion Conventional treatment combined with anti-inflammatory drugs can better improve the level of proteinuria in patients with DN,but the improvement of renal function is not obvious.Due to the limitations of the number of included studies and the duration of treatment,the above conclusion needs to be verified by more high-quality studies.

Objective:To investigate the efficacy of primary closure versus T-tube drainage in patients with common bile duct stones after laparoscopic common bile duct exploration and stone extraction. Methods:Fifty-two patients with common bile duct stones who received treatment at The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University between February 2021 and February 2023 were included in this study. All patients underwent laparoscopic common bile duct exploration and stone extraction and then were divided into two groups ( n = 26 per group) using a randomized controlled trial design with allocation based on a random number table. The control group received T-tube drainage postoperatively, whereas the observation group underwent primary suture treatment. Both groups were observed for 3 days postoperatively to compare various postoperative clinical indicators, including serum levels of cortisol, adrenaline, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, direct bilirubin, total bile acid, alkaline phosphatase, and gamma-glutamyl transferase, and the occurrence of postoperative complications. Results:The operative time in the observation group was significantly shorter than that in the control group [(105.30 ± 5.89) minutes vs. (121.36 ± 5.86) minutes, t = 9.86, P < 0.001]. The intraoperative blood loss in the observation group was significantly less than that in the control group [(40.31 ± 4.53) mL vs. (45.20 ± 4.76) mL, t = 3.80, P < 0.001]. The length of hospital stay in the observation group was significantly shorter than that in the control group [(12.01 ± 2.86) days vs. (14.32 ± 2.73) days, t = 2.98, P = 0.005]. The gastrointestinal function recovery time in the observation group was shorter than that in the control group [(31.42 ± 2.59) days vs. (37.62 ± 2.63) days, t = 8.57, P < 0.001]. The bile drainage volume in the observation group was less than that in the control group [(168.69 ± 15.41) mL vs. (275.62 ± 15.32) mL, t = 25.09, P < 0.001]. The serum level of cortisol in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group [(469.63 ± 20.62) mmol/L vs. (359.65 ± 19.87) mmol/L, t = 19.58, P < 0.001]. The serum level of adrenaline in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group [(274.62 ± 20.21) ng/L vs. (198.64 ± 20.16) ng/L, t = 13.57, P < 0.001]. The serum level of C-reactive protein in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group [(3.42 ± 0.37) mg/L vs. (2.74 ± 0.25) mg/L, t = 7.77, P < 0.001]. The serum level of interleukin-6 in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group [(112.36 ± 8.94) μg/L vs. (87.62 ± 8.63) μg/L, t = 10.15, P < 0.001]. The serum level of direct bilirubin in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group [(24.52 ± 4.62) μmol/L vs. (35.62 ± 4.87) μmol/L, t = 8.43, P < 0.001]. The serum level of total bile acid in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group [(10.62 ± 4.21) U/L vs. (17.64 ± 4.16) U/L, t = 6.05, P < 0.001]. The serum level of alkaline phosphatase in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group [(100.21 ± 10.24) mg/L vs. (112.74 ± 11.25) mg/L, t = 4.20, P < 0.001]. The serum level of gamma-glutamyl transferase in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group [(122.36 ± 8.94) μg/L vs. (142.62 ± 5.63) μg/L, t = 9.78, P < 0.001]. The incidence of complications in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group [7.69% (2/26) vs. 30.77% (8/26), χ2 = 4.46, P = 0.035]. Conclusion:Compared with T-tube drainage, primary closure following laparoscopic common bile duct exploration and stone extraction can reduce patient stress responses, improve liver function, shorten postoperative recovery time, and result in a lower incidence of complications.

Objective To investigate the distribution and antimicrobial resistance of clinical isolates in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University in 2022 for rational use of antibiotics in clinical practice.Methods Nonduplicate clinical isolates were collected from January 1,2022 to December 31,2022.Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out using Kirby-Bauer method and automated systems.The data were analyzed using WHONET 5.6 software and interpreted according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI)breakpoints(2021 Edition).Results Of the 8 638 clinical isolates,gram negative bacteria and gram positive bacteria accounted for 60.8％(5 253/8 638)and 39.2％(3 385/8 638),respectively.The prevalence of methicillin-resistant strains was 33.0％in S.aureus(MRSA),75.8％in S.epidermidis(MRSE),and 51.9％in other coagulase-negative Staphylococcus(MRCNS).No staphylococcal strains were found resistant to vancomycin.The prevalence of vancomycin-resistant E.faecium was 0.6％,and no vancomycin-resistant E.faecalis was found.E.faecalis strains showed higher resistance rate to linezolid(5.2％)than E.faecium(0.7％).The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales(CRE)was 7.9％,specifically 12.1％for carbapenem-resistant K.pneumoniae(CRKP)and 1.6％for carbapenem-resistant E.coli(CREC).The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant P.aeruginosa(CRPA)and carbapenem-resistant A.baumannii(CRAB)was 30.9％and 77.0％,respectively.Conclusions Clinical microbiology laboratories should strengthen the collection and testing of clinical specimens from the sites of infection in order to improve pathogenic diagnosis and antimicrobial resistance surveillance.This is conducive to the rational use of antibiotics and reduce the further spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria.

Statins have been widely used for their cholesterol-lowering properties.Recent studies have shown that they increase survival in human infectious diseases by promoting host defense and inhibiting pathological inflammation.Infectious diseases caused by viruses have been a major challenge to public health.This review discusses potential use of statins to treat viral infection.