Objective To observe hierarchical differences in brain functional networks in unilateral mesial temporal lobe epilepsy(mTLE)patients with different outcomes after surgery.Methods A total of 69 unilateral mTLE patients who underwent resection of epileptogenic lesion on the affected side were retrospectively enrolled.Based on Engel classification 1 year after surgery,the patients were divided into seizure free(SF)group and non-seizure free(NSF)group.Functional connectivity gradient analysis was employed to extract principal gradient explaining the highest variance on preoperative resting-state functional MRI(rs-fMRI),then the whole-brain gradient characteristics and principal gradient values within specific functional networks were compared between groups.Results Principal gradient connected default mode network(DMN)with sensorimotor network(SMN)along a continuous axis.Compared to SF group,NSF group showed a contracted gradient range at both ends(DMN and SMN)of the functional network and weakened hierarchical differentiation,and principal gradient value of DMN was higher,while that of SMN was lower than those in SF group(both P＜0.05).Conclusion Hierarchical differences in brain functional networks in unilateral mTLE patients with different outcomes after surgery mainly present as enhanced DMN and weakened SMN in NSF ones,and the latter two might serve as important neuroimaging markers for evaluating postoperative seizure recurrence.

Placenta，fetal heart and brain affect each other in the process of fetal growth. They are influenced by genetic，environmental，epigenetic and hemodynamic factors，and share several key developmental pathways. Fetal heart defect in ongenital heart disease（CHD）is associated with abnormal development of placenta and brain. One-stop-shop ‘heart-brain-placenta’ imaging is of great value in prenatal diagnosis of CHD fetuses. This review discusses the current research on the one-stop-shop ‘heart-brain-placenta’ imaging of CHD fetuses.

Objective To investigate the factors that influence ocular surface biology and visual acuity in individuals with diabetic dry eye(DDE)and analyze how these factors contribute to changes in visual quality.Methods Based on the disease duration,fasting blood glucose(FBG),and glycated hemoglobin(HbA1c)levels of patients with type 2 diabe-tes mellitus(T2DM),the DDE patients were divided into different groups.Logistic regression analysis was used to identify influencing factors related to ocular surface biology and visual quality in each group of DDE patients.Tear film stability was evaluated based on the tear film rupture time(BUT),Schirmer I test(SIt),and ocular surface disease index(OSDI).Lip-iview? Surface interferometers were used to measure tear film lipid layer thickness(LLT),meibomian gland loss rate(MGP),meibomian gland opening number(MGYLS),and meibomian gland secretion score(MGYSS).Wavefront aber-rometry was used to measure corneal wavefront aberration values at 4 mm and 6 mm pupil diameters.Ocular response ana-lyzer(ORA)was adopted to analyze corneal hysteresis(CH)and corneal resistance factor(CRF).Moreover,ELISA ex-periment to evaluate the trend of changes in inflammatory factors in tears.Results Logistic regression analysis revealed that T2DM duration,smoking history,FBG,HbA1c,total cholesterol(TC),triglycerides(TG),OSDI score,LLT,BUT,SIt,MGP,MGYLS,MGYSS,total higher-order aberrations,spherical aberration,coma aberration,trefoil aberration,tumor necrosis factor-α,interleukin-6,matrix metalloproteinase-9,receptor for advanced glycation end products,and insu-lin were all influencing factors for the risk of DDE(all P＜0.05).As the T2DM course prolonged and FBG or HbA1 c levels rose,tear film-related indicators(LLT,BUT,and SIt)and meibomian gland-related indicators(MGYLS and MGYSS)inpa-tients gradually decreased,while OSDI scores and MGP gradually increased(all P＜0.05).As the T2DM course prolonged and FBG or HbA1c levels rose,the total higher-order aberrations,spherical aberration,coma aberration,and trefoil aber-ration in DDE patients under 4 mm and 6 mm pupil diameters gradually increased;Meanwhile,best corrected visual acuity,corneal hysteresis,and corneal resistance factor gradually decreased;The contents of tumor necrosis factor-α,interleukin-6,matrix metalloproteinase-9,receptor for advanced glycation end products,and insulin in tears all gradually increased,while mucin-5AC gradually decreased(all P＜0.05).Conclusion With the prolongation of T2DM duration and the in-crease of FBG or HbA1c,the ocular surface inflammatory response in DDE patients gradually worsens,corneal biological function decreases,and visual quality deteriorates.Timely systemic and local interventions are of great significance for im-proving dry eye symptoms and visual quality in DDE patients.

High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), when released extracellularly, plays a pivotal role in the development of spinal cord synapses and exacerbates autoimmune diseases within the central nervous system. In experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a condition that models multiple sclerosis, the levels of extracellular HMGB1 and interleukin-33 (IL-33) have been found to be inversely correlated. However, the mechanism by which IL-33 deficiency enhances HMGB1 release during EAE remains elusive. Our study elucidates a potential signaling pathway whereby the absence of IL-33 leads to increased binding of P300/CBP-associated factor with HMGB1 in the nuclei of astrocytes, upregulating HMGB1 acetylation and promoting its release from astrocyte nuclei in the spinal cord of EAE mice. Conversely, the addition of IL-33 counteracts the TNF-α-induced increase in HMGB1 and acetylated HMGB1 levels in primary astrocytes. These findings underscore the potential of IL-33-associated signaling pathways as a therapeutic target for EAE treatment.
Animals ; Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/metabolism* ; Astrocytes/metabolism* ; Interleukin-33/metabolism* ; HMGB1 Protein/metabolism* ; Acetylation ; Mice, Knockout ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; p300-CBP Transcription Factors/metabolism* ; Mice ; Spinal Cord/metabolism* ; Cells, Cultured ; Female ; Signal Transduction

Objective To investigate the factors that influence ocular surface biology and visual acuity in individuals with diabetic dry eye(DDE)and analyze how these factors contribute to changes in visual quality.Methods Based on the disease duration,fasting blood glucose(FBG),and glycated hemoglobin(HbA1c)levels of patients with type 2 diabe-tes mellitus(T2DM),the DDE patients were divided into different groups.Logistic regression analysis was used to identify influencing factors related to ocular surface biology and visual quality in each group of DDE patients.Tear film stability was evaluated based on the tear film rupture time(BUT),Schirmer I test(SIt),and ocular surface disease index(OSDI).Lip-iview? Surface interferometers were used to measure tear film lipid layer thickness(LLT),meibomian gland loss rate(MGP),meibomian gland opening number(MGYLS),and meibomian gland secretion score(MGYSS).Wavefront aber-rometry was used to measure corneal wavefront aberration values at 4 mm and 6 mm pupil diameters.Ocular response ana-lyzer(ORA)was adopted to analyze corneal hysteresis(CH)and corneal resistance factor(CRF).Moreover,ELISA ex-periment to evaluate the trend of changes in inflammatory factors in tears.Results Logistic regression analysis revealed that T2DM duration,smoking history,FBG,HbA1c,total cholesterol(TC),triglycerides(TG),OSDI score,LLT,BUT,SIt,MGP,MGYLS,MGYSS,total higher-order aberrations,spherical aberration,coma aberration,trefoil aberration,tumor necrosis factor-α,interleukin-6,matrix metalloproteinase-9,receptor for advanced glycation end products,and insu-lin were all influencing factors for the risk of DDE(all P＜0.05).As the T2DM course prolonged and FBG or HbA1 c levels rose,tear film-related indicators(LLT,BUT,and SIt)and meibomian gland-related indicators(MGYLS and MGYSS)inpa-tients gradually decreased,while OSDI scores and MGP gradually increased(all P＜0.05).As the T2DM course prolonged and FBG or HbA1c levels rose,the total higher-order aberrations,spherical aberration,coma aberration,and trefoil aber-ration in DDE patients under 4 mm and 6 mm pupil diameters gradually increased;Meanwhile,best corrected visual acuity,corneal hysteresis,and corneal resistance factor gradually decreased;The contents of tumor necrosis factor-α,interleukin-6,matrix metalloproteinase-9,receptor for advanced glycation end products,and insulin in tears all gradually increased,while mucin-5AC gradually decreased(all P＜0.05).Conclusion With the prolongation of T2DM duration and the in-crease of FBG or HbA1c,the ocular surface inflammatory response in DDE patients gradually worsens,corneal biological function decreases,and visual quality deteriorates.Timely systemic and local interventions are of great significance for im-proving dry eye symptoms and visual quality in DDE patients.

Objective To observe hierarchical differences in brain functional networks in unilateral mesial temporal lobe epilepsy(mTLE)patients with different outcomes after surgery.Methods A total of 69 unilateral mTLE patients who underwent resection of epileptogenic lesion on the affected side were retrospectively enrolled.Based on Engel classification 1 year after surgery,the patients were divided into seizure free(SF)group and non-seizure free(NSF)group.Functional connectivity gradient analysis was employed to extract principal gradient explaining the highest variance on preoperative resting-state functional MRI(rs-fMRI),then the whole-brain gradient characteristics and principal gradient values within specific functional networks were compared between groups.Results Principal gradient connected default mode network(DMN)with sensorimotor network(SMN)along a continuous axis.Compared to SF group,NSF group showed a contracted gradient range at both ends(DMN and SMN)of the functional network and weakened hierarchical differentiation,and principal gradient value of DMN was higher,while that of SMN was lower than those in SF group(both P＜0.05).Conclusion Hierarchical differences in brain functional networks in unilateral mTLE patients with different outcomes after surgery mainly present as enhanced DMN and weakened SMN in NSF ones,and the latter two might serve as important neuroimaging markers for evaluating postoperative seizure recurrence.

Placenta，fetal heart and brain affect each other in the process of fetal growth. They are influenced by genetic，environmental，epigenetic and hemodynamic factors，and share several key developmental pathways. Fetal heart defect in ongenital heart disease（CHD）is associated with abnormal development of placenta and brain. One-stop-shop ‘heart-brain-placenta’ imaging is of great value in prenatal diagnosis of CHD fetuses. This review discusses the current research on the one-stop-shop ‘heart-brain-placenta’ imaging of CHD fetuses.

Objective:To investigate the clinical and chest computed tomography (CT) findings of children with drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis (DR-PTB) and drug-sensitive pulmonary tuberculosis (DS-PTB) in Sichuan region.Methods:Active pulmonary tuberculosis children with positive sputum Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture were collected and divided into the drug-resistant and drug-sensitive groups according to the results of the drug susceptibility test who admitted to the Public Health Clinical Center of Chengdu from January 2020 to October 2024. The general data such as age, ethnic, gender, initial or retreatment regimens, body mass index (BMI), clinical symptoms such as cough, sputum, fever, and chest CT features were compared between the two groups. Non-parametric rank sum test, chi-square test or Fisher′s exact probability method were used for comparison between groups. The CT risk factors for the development of DR-PTB were analyzed using binary logistic regression. Results:A total of 110 children were enrolled, including 44(40.00%) males and 66(60.00%) females, with the age of 13.00(12.00, 14.00) years (range from 5.00 to 14.00 years). There were 28 cases in drug-resistant group and 82 in drug-sensitive group. Comparison of the clinical data between the two groups showed that the percentages of retreated patients (25.00%(7/28)) and ethnic minorities (78.57%(22/28)) in the drug-resistant group were higher than those in the drug-sensitive group (1.22%(1/82) and 57.32%(47/82)), which were both statistically significant (Fisher′s exact probability method and χ2=4.03, respectively, both P<0.05). The age of the children in the drug-resistant group was 13.00 (12.00, 13.50) years, which was younger than the age of 13.00 (12.00, 14.00) years in the drug-sensitive group ( U=828.00, P=0.021). There were no statistically differences of gender, BMI, history of bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination, history of exposure to tuberculosis patients, positive immunological diagnostic tests, and the incidences of cough, sputum, fever, wheezing, shortness of breath and chest pain between the two groups (all P>0.05). Chest CT signs showed that lung lesions involving both right and left lobes accounted for 53.57%(15/28) in the drug-resistant group, and the incidence of solid pulmonary parenchyma (including wall-less cavities) was 92.86%(26/28), which were both higher than those in the drug-sensitive group (15.85%(13/82) and 70.73%(58/82)), and the differences were statistically significant ( χ2=6.95 and 5.66, respectively, both P<0.05). The incidence of small nodules/tree-in-bud pattern in the drug-sensitive group was higher than that in the drug-resistant group (98.78%(81/82) vs 82.14%(23/28)), and the difference was statistically significant (Fisher′s exact probability method, P=0.004). Binary logistic regression showed that bilateral lung involvement and solid pulmonary parenchyma (including wall-less cavities) were positively correlated with DR-PTB in children (odds ratio ( OR)=4.487, 95% confidence internal ( CI) 1.561 to 12.897, P=0.005 and OR=9.670, 95% CI 1.626 to 57.529, P=0.013, respectively). The occurence of small nodules/tree-in-bud was negatively correlated with DR-PTB in children ( OR=0.058, 95% CI 0.006 to 0.584, P=0.016). Conclusions:Among pulmonary tuberculosis children in Sichuan region, ethnic minorities and retreatment patients with DR-PTB are more common than thoses with DS-PTB. Chest CT findings of DR-PTB mainly show multiple solid pulmonary parenchyma with wall-less cavities, and the lesions often involve right and left lung lobes, whereas DS-PTB CT findings mainly show small nodules/tree-in-bud predominantly.

Objective:To investigate the clinical and chest computed tomography (CT) findings of children with drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis (DR-PTB) and drug-sensitive pulmonary tuberculosis (DS-PTB) in Sichuan region.Methods:Active pulmonary tuberculosis children with positive sputum Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture were collected and divided into the drug-resistant and drug-sensitive groups according to the results of the drug susceptibility test who admitted to the Public Health Clinical Center of Chengdu from January 2020 to October 2024. The general data such as age, ethnic, gender, initial or retreatment regimens, body mass index (BMI), clinical symptoms such as cough, sputum, fever, and chest CT features were compared between the two groups. Non-parametric rank sum test, chi-square test or Fisher′s exact probability method were used for comparison between groups. The CT risk factors for the development of DR-PTB were analyzed using binary logistic regression. Results:A total of 110 children were enrolled, including 44(40.00%) males and 66(60.00%) females, with the age of 13.00(12.00, 14.00) years (range from 5.00 to 14.00 years). There were 28 cases in drug-resistant group and 82 in drug-sensitive group. Comparison of the clinical data between the two groups showed that the percentages of retreated patients (25.00%(7/28)) and ethnic minorities (78.57%(22/28)) in the drug-resistant group were higher than those in the drug-sensitive group (1.22%(1/82) and 57.32%(47/82)), which were both statistically significant (Fisher′s exact probability method and χ2=4.03, respectively, both P<0.05). The age of the children in the drug-resistant group was 13.00 (12.00, 13.50) years, which was younger than the age of 13.00 (12.00, 14.00) years in the drug-sensitive group ( U=828.00, P=0.021). There were no statistically differences of gender, BMI, history of bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination, history of exposure to tuberculosis patients, positive immunological diagnostic tests, and the incidences of cough, sputum, fever, wheezing, shortness of breath and chest pain between the two groups (all P>0.05). Chest CT signs showed that lung lesions involving both right and left lobes accounted for 53.57%(15/28) in the drug-resistant group, and the incidence of solid pulmonary parenchyma (including wall-less cavities) was 92.86%(26/28), which were both higher than those in the drug-sensitive group (15.85%(13/82) and 70.73%(58/82)), and the differences were statistically significant ( χ2=6.95 and 5.66, respectively, both P<0.05). The incidence of small nodules/tree-in-bud pattern in the drug-sensitive group was higher than that in the drug-resistant group (98.78%(81/82) vs 82.14%(23/28)), and the difference was statistically significant (Fisher′s exact probability method, P=0.004). Binary logistic regression showed that bilateral lung involvement and solid pulmonary parenchyma (including wall-less cavities) were positively correlated with DR-PTB in children (odds ratio ( OR)=4.487, 95% confidence internal ( CI) 1.561 to 12.897, P=0.005 and OR=9.670, 95% CI 1.626 to 57.529, P=0.013, respectively). The occurence of small nodules/tree-in-bud was negatively correlated with DR-PTB in children ( OR=0.058, 95% CI 0.006 to 0.584, P=0.016). Conclusions:Among pulmonary tuberculosis children in Sichuan region, ethnic minorities and retreatment patients with DR-PTB are more common than thoses with DS-PTB. Chest CT findings of DR-PTB mainly show multiple solid pulmonary parenchyma with wall-less cavities, and the lesions often involve right and left lung lobes, whereas DS-PTB CT findings mainly show small nodules/tree-in-bud predominantly.

Objective:To investigate the correlation between time within the glucose target range(TIR) and hyperuricemia(HUA) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Methods:A total of 215 patients with T2DM in the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College from June 2021 to May 2022 were selected and divided into HUA group and non-HUA group according to serum uric acid level. The clinical characteristics and biochemical indicators of the patients were collected. The association of 72 h glucose monitoring system(FGMS) related indicators TIR, mean blood glucose fluctuation range(MAGE), blood glucose variability(CV), blood glucose standard deviation(SDBG), and mean blood glucose(MBG) with serum uric acid level was analyzed. The influencing factors of T2DM combined with HUA were analyzed with binary logistic regression, and receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve was drawn to evaluate their predictive values.Results:TIR of HUA group was significantly decreased compared with non-HUA group, while HbA 1C, MAGE, CV, SDBG, and MBG were increased( P<0.001). Spearman correlation analysis showed that serum uric acid levels were negatively correlated with TIR, but positively correlated with MAGE, CV, SDBG, and MBG( P<0.001). After dichotomous logistic regression analysis, TIR was found to be an independent protective factor for T2DM with HUA. The ROC curve results showed that the area under the curve(AUC) of TIR for predicting HUA in T2DM was 0.856(95% CI 0.803-0.909, P<0.001), with the best cut-off value being 64.5%, the sensitivity being 76.8%, and the specificity being 90.3%. Conclusion:TIR in patients with T2DM combined with HUA was significantly decreased. TIR is an independent protective factor for T2DM combined with HUA, and TIR shows a certain predictive value for T2DM combined with HUA.