Chinese medicinal materials serve as the material foundation of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） culture. The sustainable development of Chinese medicinal material resources is a focal point in the modernization of TCM. With the increasing scarcity of Chinese medicinal material resources， the expansion of new Chinese medicinal material resources has become a crucial means for the sustainable utilization of these resources. New Chinese medicinal material resources refer to natural resources that have been newly discovered or developed， possessing potential medicinal value or healthcare functions， which fall outside the traditional application scope of herbal medicines. These resources have not yet been widely recognized or applied within the framework of traditional TCM theory. They specifically include artificial substitutes for endangered medicinal materials， new medicinal parts of medicinal plants， medicinal materials with expanded clinical applications， and foreign medicinal resources. The rational compatability and formulation of new Chinese medicinal material resources are essential pathways for integrating them into the TCM system. Due to the weak foundational research on new Chinese medicinal material resources in China， the characteristics of these resources that align with the TCM theory are not yet fully understood， posing numerous constraints on formulating prescriptions based on the traditional compatibility principles of TCM. This paper integrates the traditional formulation theory of TCM with modern data integration methods， proposing four formulation models for new TCM resources： synergistic compatibility， substitutive compatibility， symptom-based compatibility， and efficacy semantic compatibility. These models provide new insights for the application of new Chinese medicinal material resources， not only facilitating their rational use in clinical practice but also offering theoretical support for the development and compatibility research of these resources.

Chinese medicinal materials serve as the material foundation of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） culture. The sustainable development of Chinese medicinal material resources is a focal point in the modernization of TCM. With the increasing scarcity of Chinese medicinal material resources， the expansion of new Chinese medicinal material resources has become a crucial means for the sustainable utilization of these resources. New Chinese medicinal material resources refer to natural resources that have been newly discovered or developed， possessing potential medicinal value or healthcare functions， which fall outside the traditional application scope of herbal medicines. These resources have not yet been widely recognized or applied within the framework of traditional TCM theory. They specifically include artificial substitutes for endangered medicinal materials， new medicinal parts of medicinal plants， medicinal materials with expanded clinical applications， and foreign medicinal resources. The rational compatability and formulation of new Chinese medicinal material resources are essential pathways for integrating them into the TCM system. Due to the weak foundational research on new Chinese medicinal material resources in China， the characteristics of these resources that align with the TCM theory are not yet fully understood， posing numerous constraints on formulating prescriptions based on the traditional compatibility principles of TCM. This paper integrates the traditional formulation theory of TCM with modern data integration methods， proposing four formulation models for new TCM resources： synergistic compatibility， substitutive compatibility， symptom-based compatibility， and efficacy semantic compatibility. These models provide new insights for the application of new Chinese medicinal material resources， not only facilitating their rational use in clinical practice but also offering theoretical support for the development and compatibility research of these resources.

Objective: This study explored whether anxiety and core self-evaluation mediate the relationship between negative life events and depressive symptoms in adolescents of the Yi ethnic minority in China. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a convenience sample of 627 Yi adolescents 10–19 years old (252 males, 40.2%) from primary, middle and high schools in Liangshan Prefecture in China completed the Adolescent Self-Rating Life Events Checklist (ASLEC) to report on negative life events, the Second Edition of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) to report on depressive symptoms, the Core Self-Evaluations Scale (CSES) to describe core self-evaluation, and the Screen for Child Anxiety-Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED) to report anxiety symptoms. Results: In Pearson correlation analysis, total score and dimension subscores on the ASLEC correlated positively with total score and dimension subscores on the SCARED survey as well as with total score on the BDI. Total ASLEC score and dimension subscores correlated negatively with total CSES score. Mediation analysis indicated that negative life events affected depressive symptoms directly, as well as indirectly via core self-evaluation (mediating effect was 0.087; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.063–0.113; p<0.001). The chain-mediated pathway effect was significant (mediating effect was 0.017; 95% CI, 0.011–0.026; p<0.001). Conclusion Yi adolescents in Liangshan Prefecture show certain prevalence of anxiety and depression, and they score relatively low on core self-evaluation. In this ethnic group, negative life events can affect depressive symptoms directly as well as indirectly through chain-mediated effects of anxiety and core self-evaluation.

Background: The genetic basis for hyperglycaemia in pregnancy remain unclear. This study aimed to uncover the genetic determinants of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and investigate their applications. Methods: We performed a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for GDM in Chinese women (464 cases and 1,217 controls), followed by de novo replications in an independent Chinese cohort (564 cases and 572 controls) and in silico replication in European (12,332 cases and 131,109 controls) and multi-ethnic populations (5,485 cases and 347,856 controls). A polygenic risk score (PRS) was derived based on the identified variants. Results: Using the genome-wide scan and candidate gene approaches, we identified four susceptibility loci for GDM. These included three previously reported loci for GDM and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) at MTNR1B (rs7945617, odds ratio [OR], 1.64; 95% confidence interval [CI],1.38 to 1.96]), CDKAL1 (rs7754840, OR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.13 to 1.58), and INS-IGF2-KCNQ1 (rs2237897, OR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.23 to 1.79), as well as a novel genome-wide significant locus near TBR1-SLC4A10 (rs117781972, OR, 2.05; 95% CI, 1.61 to 2.62; Pmeta=7.6×10-9), which has not been previously reported in GWAS for T2DM or glycaemic traits. Moreover, we found that women with a high PRS (top quintile) had over threefold (95% CI, 2.30 to 4.09; Pmeta=3.1×10-14) and 71% (95% CI, 1.08 to 2.71; P=0.0220) higher risk for GDM and abnormal glucose tolerance post-pregnancy, respectively, compared to other individuals. Conclusion Our results indicate that the genetic architecture of glucose metabolism exhibits both similarities and differences between the pregnant and non-pregnant states. Integrating genetic information can facilitate identification of pregnant women at a higher risk of developing GDM or later diabetes.

Background: The genetic basis for hyperglycaemia in pregnancy remain unclear. This study aimed to uncover the genetic determinants of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and investigate their applications. Methods: We performed a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for GDM in Chinese women (464 cases and 1,217 controls), followed by de novo replications in an independent Chinese cohort (564 cases and 572 controls) and in silico replication in European (12,332 cases and 131,109 controls) and multi-ethnic populations (5,485 cases and 347,856 controls). A polygenic risk score (PRS) was derived based on the identified variants. Results: Using the genome-wide scan and candidate gene approaches, we identified four susceptibility loci for GDM. These included three previously reported loci for GDM and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) at MTNR1B (rs7945617, odds ratio [OR], 1.64; 95% confidence interval [CI],1.38 to 1.96]), CDKAL1 (rs7754840, OR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.13 to 1.58), and INS-IGF2-KCNQ1 (rs2237897, OR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.23 to 1.79), as well as a novel genome-wide significant locus near TBR1-SLC4A10 (rs117781972, OR, 2.05; 95% CI, 1.61 to 2.62; Pmeta=7.6×10-9), which has not been previously reported in GWAS for T2DM or glycaemic traits. Moreover, we found that women with a high PRS (top quintile) had over threefold (95% CI, 2.30 to 4.09; Pmeta=3.1×10-14) and 71% (95% CI, 1.08 to 2.71; P=0.0220) higher risk for GDM and abnormal glucose tolerance post-pregnancy, respectively, compared to other individuals. Conclusion Our results indicate that the genetic architecture of glucose metabolism exhibits both similarities and differences between the pregnant and non-pregnant states. Integrating genetic information can facilitate identification of pregnant women at a higher risk of developing GDM or later diabetes.

Background: The genetic basis for hyperglycaemia in pregnancy remain unclear. This study aimed to uncover the genetic determinants of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and investigate their applications. Methods: We performed a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for GDM in Chinese women (464 cases and 1,217 controls), followed by de novo replications in an independent Chinese cohort (564 cases and 572 controls) and in silico replication in European (12,332 cases and 131,109 controls) and multi-ethnic populations (5,485 cases and 347,856 controls). A polygenic risk score (PRS) was derived based on the identified variants. Results: Using the genome-wide scan and candidate gene approaches, we identified four susceptibility loci for GDM. These included three previously reported loci for GDM and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) at MTNR1B (rs7945617, odds ratio [OR], 1.64; 95% confidence interval [CI],1.38 to 1.96]), CDKAL1 (rs7754840, OR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.13 to 1.58), and INS-IGF2-KCNQ1 (rs2237897, OR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.23 to 1.79), as well as a novel genome-wide significant locus near TBR1-SLC4A10 (rs117781972, OR, 2.05; 95% CI, 1.61 to 2.62; Pmeta=7.6×10-9), which has not been previously reported in GWAS for T2DM or glycaemic traits. Moreover, we found that women with a high PRS (top quintile) had over threefold (95% CI, 2.30 to 4.09; Pmeta=3.1×10-14) and 71% (95% CI, 1.08 to 2.71; P=0.0220) higher risk for GDM and abnormal glucose tolerance post-pregnancy, respectively, compared to other individuals. Conclusion Our results indicate that the genetic architecture of glucose metabolism exhibits both similarities and differences between the pregnant and non-pregnant states. Integrating genetic information can facilitate identification of pregnant women at a higher risk of developing GDM or later diabetes.

Background: The genetic basis for hyperglycaemia in pregnancy remain unclear. This study aimed to uncover the genetic determinants of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and investigate their applications. Methods: We performed a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for GDM in Chinese women (464 cases and 1,217 controls), followed by de novo replications in an independent Chinese cohort (564 cases and 572 controls) and in silico replication in European (12,332 cases and 131,109 controls) and multi-ethnic populations (5,485 cases and 347,856 controls). A polygenic risk score (PRS) was derived based on the identified variants. Results: Using the genome-wide scan and candidate gene approaches, we identified four susceptibility loci for GDM. These included three previously reported loci for GDM and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) at MTNR1B (rs7945617, odds ratio [OR], 1.64; 95% confidence interval [CI],1.38 to 1.96]), CDKAL1 (rs7754840, OR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.13 to 1.58), and INS-IGF2-KCNQ1 (rs2237897, OR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.23 to 1.79), as well as a novel genome-wide significant locus near TBR1-SLC4A10 (rs117781972, OR, 2.05; 95% CI, 1.61 to 2.62; Pmeta=7.6×10-9), which has not been previously reported in GWAS for T2DM or glycaemic traits. Moreover, we found that women with a high PRS (top quintile) had over threefold (95% CI, 2.30 to 4.09; Pmeta=3.1×10-14) and 71% (95% CI, 1.08 to 2.71; P=0.0220) higher risk for GDM and abnormal glucose tolerance post-pregnancy, respectively, compared to other individuals. Conclusion Our results indicate that the genetic architecture of glucose metabolism exhibits both similarities and differences between the pregnant and non-pregnant states. Integrating genetic information can facilitate identification of pregnant women at a higher risk of developing GDM or later diabetes.

Immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy is a globally prevalent type of primary glomerulonephritis, characterized by complex symptoms and diverse clinical manifestations. The internationally recognized " multiple hit hypothesis" explains the systemic immune disease features of IgA nephropathy. However, current treatment strategies primarily focus on local pathological changes, inadequately addressing its complex systemic mechanisms. The " qi cycle in round" theory, an integral concept of the academic thought of HUANG Yuanyu, a prominent medical expert from the Qing Dynasty, offers a concise and insightful framework for understanding complex pathologies. For example, this theory provides valuable insights for elucidating the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy and guiding its clinical management by simplifying intricate systemic processes. This study applies the " qi cycle in round" theory to postulate that patients with IgA nephropathy experience disrupted qi flow owing to spleen-stomach qi deficiency and dampness-heat accumulation. These imbalances manifest as internal symptoms, such as diarrhea; external vulnerability to illness; upper body symptoms, like sore throat; and lower body symptoms, such as hematuria and proteinuria. Pathologically, the condition is characterized by immune complex deposition. This article also emphasizes strategies that prioritize tonifying spleen-stomach qi to enhance the pivotal functions of transportation and transformation. Regulating qi and relieving stagnation are emphasized to harmonize ascending and descending dynamics. Additionally, eliminating turbidity and unblocking collaterals are highlighted to promote qi transformation. These approaches aim to restore the harmonious operation of organ qi dynamics and harmonious qi transformation functions. This study aims to provide a reference for syndrome differentiation and IgA nephropathy treatment using traditional Chinese medicine based on the " qi cycle in round" theory.

Objective: This study explored whether anxiety and core self-evaluation mediate the relationship between negative life events and depressive symptoms in adolescents of the Yi ethnic minority in China. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a convenience sample of 627 Yi adolescents 10–19 years old (252 males, 40.2%) from primary, middle and high schools in Liangshan Prefecture in China completed the Adolescent Self-Rating Life Events Checklist (ASLEC) to report on negative life events, the Second Edition of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) to report on depressive symptoms, the Core Self-Evaluations Scale (CSES) to describe core self-evaluation, and the Screen for Child Anxiety-Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED) to report anxiety symptoms. Results: In Pearson correlation analysis, total score and dimension subscores on the ASLEC correlated positively with total score and dimension subscores on the SCARED survey as well as with total score on the BDI. Total ASLEC score and dimension subscores correlated negatively with total CSES score. Mediation analysis indicated that negative life events affected depressive symptoms directly, as well as indirectly via core self-evaluation (mediating effect was 0.087; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.063–0.113; p<0.001). The chain-mediated pathway effect was significant (mediating effect was 0.017; 95% CI, 0.011–0.026; p<0.001). Conclusion Yi adolescents in Liangshan Prefecture show certain prevalence of anxiety and depression, and they score relatively low on core self-evaluation. In this ethnic group, negative life events can affect depressive symptoms directly as well as indirectly through chain-mediated effects of anxiety and core self-evaluation.

Objective: This study explored whether anxiety and core self-evaluation mediate the relationship between negative life events and depressive symptoms in adolescents of the Yi ethnic minority in China. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a convenience sample of 627 Yi adolescents 10–19 years old (252 males, 40.2%) from primary, middle and high schools in Liangshan Prefecture in China completed the Adolescent Self-Rating Life Events Checklist (ASLEC) to report on negative life events, the Second Edition of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) to report on depressive symptoms, the Core Self-Evaluations Scale (CSES) to describe core self-evaluation, and the Screen for Child Anxiety-Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED) to report anxiety symptoms. Results: In Pearson correlation analysis, total score and dimension subscores on the ASLEC correlated positively with total score and dimension subscores on the SCARED survey as well as with total score on the BDI. Total ASLEC score and dimension subscores correlated negatively with total CSES score. Mediation analysis indicated that negative life events affected depressive symptoms directly, as well as indirectly via core self-evaluation (mediating effect was 0.087; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.063–0.113; p<0.001). The chain-mediated pathway effect was significant (mediating effect was 0.017; 95% CI, 0.011–0.026; p<0.001). Conclusion Yi adolescents in Liangshan Prefecture show certain prevalence of anxiety and depression, and they score relatively low on core self-evaluation. In this ethnic group, negative life events can affect depressive symptoms directly as well as indirectly through chain-mediated effects of anxiety and core self-evaluation.