The disturbance of the human microbiota influences the occurrence and progression of many diseases. Live therapeutic bacteria, with their genetic manipulability, anaerobic tendencies, and immunomodulatory properties, are emerging as promising therapeutic agents. However, their clinical applications face challenges in maintaining activity and achieving precise spatiotemporal release, particularly in the harsh gastrointestinal environment. This review highlights the innovative bacterial functionalized encapsulation strategies developed through advances in physicochemical and biological techniques. We comprehensively review how bacterial encapsulation strategies can be used to provide physical barriers and enhanced adhesion properties to live microorganisms, while introducing superior material properties to live bacteria. In addition, this review outlines how bacterial surface coating can facilitate targeted delivery and precise spatiotemporal release of live bacteria. Furthermore, it elucidates their potential applications for treating different diseases, along with critical perspectives on challenges in clinical translation. This review comprehensively analyzes the connection between functionalized bacterial encapsulation and innovative biomedical applications, providing a theoretical reference for the development of next-generation bacterial therapies.

Objective To explore the relationship between baseline urinary protein levels and the onset of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods A questionnaire survey, blood and urine sample collection, physical examination, and pulmonary function test were conducted among permanent residents over 40 years old in Pudong New Area, Shanghai. The subjects were divided into four groups based on the baseline urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) quartiles (0~1.65 mg/g, 1.65~4.89 mg/g, 4.89~10.78 mg/g, and ≥10.78 mg/g). Cox regression analysis was used to explore the relationship between ACR levels and the incidence of COPD in middle-aged and elderly people. Results Among the 3 105 subjects, the median follow-up time was 3.212 years (P25~P75：3.102~3.473). 116 new cases of COPD were observed, with an incidence density of 10.423 per 1000 person-years. The incidence densities for COPD at four ACR levels were 7.922 per 1 000 person-years, 8.300 per 1 000 person-years , 11.419 per 1 000 person-years, and 13.843 per 1 000 person-years, respectively. Cox regression analysis revealed that as the ACR level increased, there was a rising trend in the incidence rate of COPD (χ²=4.396, P=0.036). After adjusting for gender, age, education level, occupational exposure to dust, history of childhood pneumonia, smoking, family history of COPD, central obesity, and hypertension, the risk of developing COPD was 2.499 times higher (95% CI: 1.460~4.276) for ACR levels ≥10.78 mg/g compared to the reference group with a baseline ACR level of 0~1.65 mg/g. Conclusion Elevated ACR levels in middle-aged and elderly population may increase the risk of COPD, and early monitoring of urine protein levels is beneficial for COPD prevention.

By integrating the concept of narrative medicine and relevant models and tools into the Doctor-patient Communication course， this paper expounds the connotation of narrative medicine under the context of “new medicine” and “big health” and the practical significance of the shift to narrative in Doctor-patient Communication course in three aspects： academic frontier， social needs and practical needs. This paper analyzes the four dimensions of innovation that narrative medicine， as the frontier of the discipline， historical accumulation， educational philosophy and professional skills， provides for the Doctor-patient Communication course， and explores the effective path to realize the narrative transformation of the course. It is expected to achieve the purpose of forging students’ humanistic medical skills and literacy through teaching innovation， realizing the coordination of medical education and competency orientation， adapting to the psychological and social increase， the change of people and health， and promoting the reform of the supply side of medical talents.

Objective:To learn about the fasting blood glucose (FBG) level of adults in different water iodine areas in Shanxi Province, and to study the relationship between high iodine intake in drinking water and blood glucose.Methods:The urinary iodine content and FBG of 18-65 years old residents in the high-water iodine area of Gaoche Village, Wenshui County, Shanxi Province in 2016 (iodine content in drinking water > 100 μg/L) and the low-water iodine area of Maxi Village (iodine content in drinking water < 10 μg/L) were retrospectively analyzed, and the urinary iodine content, FBG level and its abnormal rate of adults in different water iodine areas were compared.Results:A total of 598 subjects were included, including 276 in Gaoche Village and 322 in Maxi Village. The difference of median urinary iodine (422.8, 126.5 μg/L) between Gaoche Village and Maxi Village was statistically significant ( Z = 7.81, P < 0.001). The FBG levels of adults in Gaoche Village and Maxi Village [(6.70 ± 1.87), (6.04 ± 1.23) mmol/L] were significantly different ( t = 5.18, P < 0.001). The difference of FBG level in males [(6.82 ± 1.82), (5.99 ± 1.11) mmol/L] between the two regions was statistically significant ( t = 4.45, P < 0.001), the difference of FBG level in females [(6.59 ± 1.91), (6.07 ± 1.30) mmol/L] was statistically significant ( t = 2.96, P = 0.003). In Gaoche Village and Maxi Village, there was no statistically significant difference in FBG level between males and females ( t = 1.04, 0.52, P = 0.308, 0.564). Comparison of FBG levels in 18-< 45 years old group [(6.31 ± 1.57), (5.79 ± 0.89) mmol/L] and 45-65 years old group [(7.00 ± 2.02), (6.18 ± 1.36) mmol/L] between the two regions, the differences were statistically significant ( t = 3.10, 4.60, P = 0.002, P < 0.001). Moreover, in Gaoche Village and Maxi Village, the FBG level of the 45-65 years old group was higher than that of the 18-< 45 years old group in the same area, and the difference was statistically significant ( t = 3.07, 2.74, P = 0.003, 0.006). The abnormal rate of FBG in adults in Gaoche Village and Maxi Village [28.3% (78/276) and 15.5% (50/322)] was statistically significantly different (χ 2 = 14.32, P < 0.001). Conclusion:Long-term intake of high iodine in drinking water may cause abnormal glucose metabolism.

Objective: To analyze the consistency between self-reported oral health and proposed standard in evaluating children oral health status, and to test whether self-reported oral health can be used in children population. Methods: The clinical examination data and questionnaire data were 2 158 children aged 12-year-old in Beijing, China. Child oral health status was measured by self-reported oral health and proposed standard from World Health Organization (WHO), and was classified into "good, general, poor" based on each method. Kappa test was used to evaluate the consistency of two measurements. Using multivariate nonordinal logistic regression to identify the influencing factors of self-reported oral health, and to explore the possible reasons for the consistency differences of two measurements. Results: According to the WHO standard, 25.5%, 65.3% and 9.2% children oral health were rated as good, general and poor, respectively. The proportion was 50.6%, 37.7% and 11.8% respectively based on self-report method. Kappa value for two measurements was 0.04, indicating poor agreement between two methods. Results from regression model show that both the untreated caries (OR=2.47, P<0.01) and toothache (OR=3.54, P<0.01) were associated with self-reported oral health, while not observed in periodontal health (OR=1.34, P=0.18) and oral hygiene status(OR=0.95, P=0.75). Conclusion Self-reported oral health results can reflect caries status to some extents among children, but it failed to reflect other aspects, such as periodontal health status and oral hygiene. Self-reported oral health among children should be considered based on the requirements of assessment content and accuracy in the future work.

Objective To evaluate the role of miR-146a in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells ( BMSCs)-induced reduction of acute lung injury ( ALI ) in rats. Methods A total of 105 clean-grade healthy male Wistar rats, weighing 170-190 g, were divided into 5 groups ( n=21 each) using a random number table method: control group (group C), phosphate buffer solution group (group P), group ALI, BMSC group ( group B) and BMSC plus miR-146a inhibitor group ( group BM) . ALI was induced by intra-peritoneally injecting 5 mg∕kg lipopolysaccharide ( LPS) 0. 5 ml in anesthetized rats. Phosphate buffer solu-tion 0. 5 ml was injected via the tail vein in group P. In group B, 1×104 cells∕ml BMSC 0. 5 ml was injected via the tail vein after establishing the model. In group BM, miR-146a inhibitor 50 mg∕kg was injected via the tail vein after establishing the model, and 2 h later 1×104 cells∕ml BMSC 0. 5 ml was injected via the tail vein. Group C received no treatment. Blood samples were obtained from the abdominal aorta for blood gas a-nalysis at 6, 24 and 48 h after injection of BMSC ( T1-3 ) , the chest was immediately opened, and the lung tissues were obtained for microscopic examination of pathologic changes and for determination of the wet∕dry lung weight ratio ( W∕D ratio) , expression of IRAK-1, nuclear factor kappa B ( NF-κB) and interleukin-6 ( IL-6) ( by Western blot) and expression of miR-146a and IRAK-1 mRNA ( by quantitative real-time poly-merase chain reaction). Results Compared with group C, the pH value and PO2 were significantly de-creased, PCO2 and W∕D ratio were increased, and the expression of IRAK-1, NF-κB, IL-6 and miR-146a was up-regulated at each time point ( P<0. 05) , and the pathological changes of lung tissues were aggrava-ted in ALI, B and BM groups. Compared with group P, the pH value and PO2 were significantly decreased, PCO2 and W∕D ratio were increased, and the expression of IRAK-1, NF-κB, IL-6 and miR-146a was up-regulated at each time point (P<0. 05), and the pathological changes of lung tissues were aggravated in ALI, B and BM groups. Compared with group ALI, the pH value and PO2 were significantly increased, PCO2 and W∕D ratio were decreased, and the expression of IRAK-1, NF-κB, IL-6 and miR-146a was down-regulated at each time point ( P<0. 05 ) , and the pathological changes of lung tissues were attenuated in group B. Compared with group B, the pH value and PO2 were significantly decreased, PCO2 and W∕D ratio were increased, and the expression of IRAK-1, NF-κB, IL-6 and miR-146a was up-regulated at each time point ( P<0. 05) , and the pathological changes of lung tissues were aggravated in group BM. Conclusion miR-146a is involved in BMSCs-induced reduction of ALI in rats.

A 34-year-old female patient presented with itchy nodules on the left posterior ear for 7 years.Skin examination showed clustered light-red or brown-black nodules measuring about 4 cm × 5 cm in size on the left posterior auricle,as well as from the posterior sulcus of the auricle to the anterior border of the hair line on the posterior auricle.Histopathological examination of the skin lesion revealed epidermal hyperkeratosis,proliferation of a lot of small blood vessels in the dermis,swelling vascular endothelial cells with enlarged nuclei and eosinophilic cytoplasm bulging into vascular cavity,and perivascular infiltration of lymphocytes and many eosinophils.The patient was diagnosed with angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia.After extended surgical resection,a skin graft from the left lower abdomen was used to repair the defect.After the surgery,the flap survived well,and the appearance of the auricle was improved.No recurrence was observed during 1 year of follow-up.

Objective: To study the mutational characteristics of KCNT1 and its clinical features in children with early-onset epileptic encephalopathy. Methods: Retrospective analysis of clinical data of 175 children with early onset epilepsy from the Department of Pediatrics at Peking University First Hospital from January 2012 to December 2017. Gene-based analysis was performed on children with targeted capture second-generation sequencing and the source of mutations was verified by PCR-Sanger. The clinical features of children with KCNT1 mutation were summarized. Results: In 175 infants with early-onset epileptic encephalopathy, 6 children were found to have KCNT1 mutations, all of which were new mutations with an overall mutation rate of 3.4% (6/175). All the mutations were missense mutations. The age of onset was from 2 days to 32 days. Five children were diagnosed with epilepsy of infancy with migrating focal seizure, one case was diagnosed with epilepsy, focal seizures, focal seizures with generalization. A total of 6 children were treated with multi-antiepileptic drugs. The disease in 4 patients were partially controlled, while in 2 patients, the disease was not significantly alleviated. One patient died of "severe pneumonia" at one year and 4 months of age. Then, four cases were treated with quinidine. The seizure frequency had no change in 3 cases, the frequency decreased and then relapsed in 1 case. The case once ketogenic diet and failed. Ketogenic diet treatment was applied to 5 cases, no significant effect was achieved. All the 6 patients had severe developmental delay. They could not sit alone, follow the light and objects and had no language. Conclusions The mutation of KCNT1 gene is mainly de novo. The onset of the disease was early, and mostly occurs in neonate and early infancy. The main seizure type was epilepsy of infancy with migrating focal seizure. Patients usually had severe psychomotor developmental delay. Antiepileptic drugs are ineffective. The efficacy of quinidine was not significant. Though, it still need studies on a large sample.

According to the present deficiency existing in contractual community medical service financing mechanism,it analyzed the financing difficulties and mutual interest game from the angle of game analysis of the various stakeholders in the financing process,explored the reasonable optimizing strategies for improving financing mechanism.The purposes aimed as:(1) determine the responsibility of each contractual community health financing body,reduce the fund shortage phenomenon caused by the lack of responsibility;(2) promote the stability and sustainable development of the financing mechanisms,to provide sufficient power to the development of contract services;(3) it was conducive to vigorously promote the contractual community medical service and lay the foundation for the grading system.

Objective To systematically describe and analyze the patient safety culture assessment outcomes of medical workers in China,so as to provide scientific evidence for developing corresponding intervention measures.Methods Such databases as Web of Science,PubMed,Ovid,EBSCO,Google Scholar,CBM,VIP,CNKi and WanFang Data were used to collect studies published before December 2014,on patient safety culture assessment of medical workers in mainland China.Two reviewers independently screened,extracted and cross-checked the data,and the disagreements were resolved by discussion or by consulting a third reviewer.The qualitative synthesis method was used to analyze the study results.Results Of the total 1 721 records,65 studies were included,and most of them were cross-sectional studies.The patient safety culture assessment instruments were foreign scales by the translation and revision for the Chinese version for 52 studies,and self-made questionnaire for the other 13 studies.The main factors influencing the patient safety culture of Chinese medical workers included seniority,department,educational background,experience of patient safety training and so on.Conclusions Many studies have been carried out for patient safety culture,but the research obj ects mostly are nursing staffs,without extensive research on other professional medical workers.Hospitals should strengthen the teams,the patient safety training,and build patient safety culture that is fair and open to safeguard patient safety.