Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of pre fenestration vs left common carotid-left subclavian artery(LCCA-LSA) bypass for left subclavian artery (LSA) reconstruction in Stanford B aortic dissection patients undergoing thoracic endovascular repair(TEVAR).Methods:The clinical and follow-up data of 120 patients with Stanford type B aortic dissection who were treated with TEVAR and reconstructed by pre fenestration or LCCA-LSA bypass from Jul 2009 to Aug 2023 at the Department of Vascular surgery of Provincial Hospital, Shandong First Medical University were analyzed retrospectively.Results:Patients were retrospectively divided into pre fenestration group (40 cases) and hybrid repair (bypass) group (80 cases). The average operation time [(146.9±37.6) vs.(332.4±106.2)min, P<0.001] and hospital stay [(15.8±5.6) vs. (22.9±9.0)d P<0.001] in the pre fenestration group were lower than those in the hybrid repair group, and the preoperative complications in the pre fenestration group were slightly higher than that in hybrid repair group (97.5% vs. 91.3%). One patient in the pre fenestration group failed the surgery, and the technical success rate was 97.5%. The postoperative complications in the pre fenestration group were lower than hybrid repair group (22.5% vs. 26.3%). There was one experiencing secondary intervention in the pre fenestration group and 6 in the hybrid repair group. Two patients died postoperatively, all in hybrid repair group. Conclusion:Both pre fenestration and left common carotid-left subclavian artery(LCCA-LSA) bypass(hybrid procedure) are safe and feasible methods for reconstruction of LSA in Stanford B aortic dissection patients undergoing TEVAR.

In recent years, botulinum toxin type-A (BTX-A) combined with cosmetic injections and radiofrequency lasers have been widely implemented to achieve better tissue repair. Among these therapies, platelet-rich plasma (PRP), rich in growth factors, has demonstrated notable efficacy in promoting tissue regeneration and repair. However, there is some controversy regarding the combined use of these two biomaterials in the treatment of various diseases. This review summarizes the current status of their combined application in peripheral neuropathic pain, seborrheic alopecia, and facial rejuvenation, also analyzes the advantages, interactions, and influencing factors of the combined application. Although the effectiveness and safety of PRP combined with BTX-A injection therapy in many of the above diseases are relatively high, the conclusion should still be carried out in the future multi-center, large-sample clinical studies to improve the credibility and representativeness of the results.

In recent years, hybrid brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) have gained significant attention due to their demonstrated advantages in increasing the number of targets and enhancing robustness of the systems. However, Existing studies usually construct BCI systems using intense auditory stimulation and strong central visual stimulation, which lead to poor user experience and indicate a need for improving system comfort. Studies have proved that the use of peripheral visual stimulation and lower intensity of auditory stimulation can effectively boost the user's comfort. Therefore, this study used high-frequency peripheral visual stimulation and 40-dB weak auditory stimulation to elicit steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) and auditory steady-state response (ASSR) signals, building a high-comfort hybrid BCI based on weak audio-visual evoked responses. This system coded 40 targets via 20 high-frequency visual stimulation frequencies and two auditory stimulation frequencies, improving the coding efficiency of BCI systems. Results showed that the hybrid system's averaged classification accuracy was (78.00 ± 12.18) %, and the information transfer rate (ITR) could reached 27.47 bits/min. This study offers new ideas for the design of hybrid BCI paradigm based on imperceptible stimulation.
Brain-Computer Interfaces ; Humans ; Evoked Potentials, Visual/physiology* ; Acoustic Stimulation ; Photic Stimulation ; Electroencephalography ; Evoked Potentials, Auditory/physiology* ; Adult

Traumatic aortic injury (TAI) is an acute, critical, and severe disease, and then combined with multiple organ damage, it is even more dangerous. TAI progresses very rapidly, with a pre-hospital mortality rate of 57%-80%, and even when arriving at the hospital, more than one-third of the patients die within 4 h, and it is the 2nd leading cause of death in individuals aged 4-34 years. In addition, the incidence of TAI combined with injury was 81.4%. Therefore, early diagnosis, expeditious surgery, and timely and effective multidisciplinary cooperation are essential for successful rescue. The authors report 2 patients with acute traumatic aortic dissection combined with multiple organ injuries and treated with emergency endovascular surgery to discuss their clinical characteristics and treatment experience, and to provide experience in the diagnosis and treatment of such patients.
Humans ; Aortic Dissection/surgery* ; Endovascular Procedures ; Multiple Trauma/surgery*

In recent years, botulinum toxin type-A (BTX-A) combined with cosmetic injections and radiofrequency lasers have been widely implemented to achieve better tissue repair. Among these therapies, platelet-rich plasma (PRP), rich in growth factors, has demonstrated notable efficacy in promoting tissue regeneration and repair. However, there is some controversy regarding the combined use of these two biomaterials in the treatment of various diseases. This review summarizes the current status of their combined application in peripheral neuropathic pain, seborrheic alopecia, and facial rejuvenation, also analyzes the advantages, interactions, and influencing factors of the combined application. Although the effectiveness and safety of PRP combined with BTX-A injection therapy in many of the above diseases are relatively high, the conclusion should still be carried out in the future multi-center, large-sample clinical studies to improve the credibility and representativeness of the results.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of pre fenestration vs left common carotid-left subclavian artery(LCCA-LSA) bypass for left subclavian artery (LSA) reconstruction in Stanford B aortic dissection patients undergoing thoracic endovascular repair(TEVAR).Methods:The clinical and follow-up data of 120 patients with Stanford type B aortic dissection who were treated with TEVAR and reconstructed by pre fenestration or LCCA-LSA bypass from Jul 2009 to Aug 2023 at the Department of Vascular surgery of Provincial Hospital, Shandong First Medical University were analyzed retrospectively.Results:Patients were retrospectively divided into pre fenestration group (40 cases) and hybrid repair (bypass) group (80 cases). The average operation time [(146.9±37.6) vs.(332.4±106.2)min, P<0.001] and hospital stay [(15.8±5.6) vs. (22.9±9.0)d P<0.001] in the pre fenestration group were lower than those in the hybrid repair group, and the preoperative complications in the pre fenestration group were slightly higher than that in hybrid repair group (97.5% vs. 91.3%). One patient in the pre fenestration group failed the surgery, and the technical success rate was 97.5%. The postoperative complications in the pre fenestration group were lower than hybrid repair group (22.5% vs. 26.3%). There was one experiencing secondary intervention in the pre fenestration group and 6 in the hybrid repair group. Two patients died postoperatively, all in hybrid repair group. Conclusion:Both pre fenestration and left common carotid-left subclavian artery(LCCA-LSA) bypass(hybrid procedure) are safe and feasible methods for reconstruction of LSA in Stanford B aortic dissection patients undergoing TEVAR.

Gallbladder polypoid lesions (GPLs) refer to any elevated lesion of the mucosal surface of the gallbladder wall, and the prevalence is estimated to be between 0.9% and 12.1%. GPLs include benign polyps and malignant polyps. Benign polyps are further classified as non-neoplastic polyps and neoplastic polyps. Cholesterol polyps are the most common benign polyps and adenocarcinoma is the main type of malignant polyp. Hepatitis B virus infection, liver function abnormalities, dyslipidemia, and obesity are the main risk factors for GPLs. Studies of biological mechanisms have focused on malignant gallbladder polyps, the development of which is regulated by hormone levels in vivo, gut microbiota, inflammation, oxidative stress, Salmonella typhimurium, and related molecules. Diagnostic modalities include chemical examination and imaging examination, with imaging examination currently being the mainstay. Treatment of patients with GPLs is based on the presence or absence of symptoms, age, size of the polyps, tendency of the polyp to increase, and risk factors for symptomatic malignancy to determine whether surgery should be performed.

Febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome(FIRES)is a lethal encephalopathy with refractory status epilepticus as the main manifestation,and the selection of effective antiepileptic drugs(AEDs)is the focus and difficulty of treatment.This review summarises the mechanism of action,drug administration and adverse effects of different anti-inflammatory immunotherapies in the treatment of this disease,and finds that early initiation of ketogenic diet(KD)is one of the most effective treatments at present,and further studies are needed to clarify the adverse effects of the drugs and the effects of the combination of different drugs.

Spontaneous activity in the brain maintains an internal structured pattern that reflects the external environment, which is essential for processing information and developing perception and cognition. An essential prerequisite of spontaneous activity for perception is the ability to reverberate external information, such as by potentiation. Yet its role in the processing of potentiation in mouse superior colliculus (SC) neurons is less studied. Here, we used electrophysiological recording, optogenetics, and drug infusion methods to investigate the mechanism of potentiation in SC neurons. We found that visual experience potentiated SC neurons several minutes later in different developmental stages, and the similarity between spontaneous and visually-evoked activity increased with age. Before eye-opening, activation of retinal ganglion cells that expressed ChR2 also induced the potentiation of spontaneous activity in the mouse SC. Potentiation was dependent on stimulus number and showed feature selectivity for direction and orientation. Optogenetic activation of parvalbumin neurons in the SC attenuated the potentiation induced by visual experience. Furthermore, potentiation in SC neurons was blocked by inhibiting the glutamate transporter GLT1. These results indicated that the potentiation induced by a visual stimulus might play a key role in shaping the internal representation of the environment, and serves as a carrier for short-term memory consolidation.

Objective:To compare the short-term efficacy of Billroth Ⅱ+Braun anasto-mosis versus Roux-en-Y anastomosis in totally three-dimensional (3D) laparoscopic distal gastrectomy.Methods:The retrospective cohort study was conducted. The clinicopathological data of 140 patients with gastric cancer who were admitted to the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital from January 2016 to January 2020 were collected. There were 105 males and 35 females, aged from 23 to 84 years, with a median age of 55 years. Of the 140 patients, 54 patients undergoing totally 3D laparoscopic distal gastrectomy with Billroth Ⅱ+Braun anastomosis were allocated into Billroth Ⅱ+Braun group, and 86 patients undergoing totally 3D laparoscopic distal gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y anastomosis were allocated into Roux-en-Y group, respectively. Observation indicators: (1) surgical situations; (2) postoperative situations; (3) follow-up. Follow-up using outpatient examination and telephone interview was conducted to detect remnant gastritis and its severity, bile reflux, reflux esophagitis in the postoperative 3 months up to April 2020. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean± SD, and comparison between groups was analyzed using the t test. Count data were described as absolute numbers or percentages, and comparison between groups was analyzed using the chi-square test or Fisher exact probability. Comparison of ordinal data was analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test. Results:(1) Surgical situations: 140 patients underwent totally 3D laparoscopic distal gastrectomy. The operation time, cases with volume of intraoperative blood loss <50 mL, 50 to 200 mL or >200 mL, the number of lymph node dissected were (233±39)minutes,15, 35, 4, 30±13 for the Billroth Ⅱ +Braun group , respectively, versus (240±52)minutes,25, 51, 10, 27±10 for the Roux-en-Y group, showing no significant difference between the two groups ( t=0.856， χ2=0.774， t=1.518， P>0.05). (2) Postoperative situations: cases with drainage tube, time to postoperative first flatus, cases with postoperative grade Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ, Ⅴ complications, cases with postoperative complications, cases with postoperative severe complications, duration of postoperative hospital stay, surgery cost and total hospitalization cost of the Billroth Ⅱ+Braun group were 38, (3.5±0.8)days,4, 1, 0, 0, 5, 1, (9.0±5.0)days, (3.8±1.2)×10 4 yuan and (9.7±2.1)×10 4 yuan, respectively. The above indicators of the Roux-en-Y group were 59, (3.7±1.0)days, 9, 1, 0, 1, 11, 2, (9.0±4.0)days, (4.3±1.0)×10 4 yuan and (9.2±2.1)×10 4 yuan, respectively. There was a significant difference in the surgery cost between the two groups ( t=2.453, P<0.05), while there was no significant difference in cases with drainage tube, time to postoperative first flatus, cases with postoperative grade Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ, Ⅴ complications, cases with postoperative complications, duration of postoperative hospital stay or total hospitalization cost between the two groups ( χ2=0.049, t=?1.339, Z=0.000, χ2=0.409, t=0.197, 1.383, P>0.05). There was also no significant difference in cases with postoperative severe complications between the two groups ( P>0.05).(3) Follow-up: 134 of 140 patients received the follow-up, including 52 cases in the Billroth Ⅱ+Braun group and 82 cases in the Roux-en-Y group. Results of follow-up within postoperative 3 months showed that the incidence rates of remnant gastritis, bile reflux, reflux esophagitis were 61.5%(32/52), 38.5%(20/52), 26.9%(14/52) for the Billroth Ⅱ+Braun group, respectively, versus 41.5%(34/82), 22.0%(18/82), 12.2%(10/82) for the Roux-en-Y group, showing significant differences between the two groups ( χ2=5.131, 4.270, 4.695, P<0.05). Cases with grade 0,Ⅰ,Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ residual food were 42, 3, 5, 2,0 for the Billroth Ⅱ+Braun group, versus 67, 9, 1, 5,0 for the Roux-en-Y group, showing no significant difference between the two groups ( Z=?0.156, P>0.05). Cases with minimal lesion, grade A, grade B gastritis (severity of gastritis) were 6, 5, 3 for the Billroth Ⅱ+Braun group, versus 8, 2, 0 for the Roux-en-Y group, showing no significant difference between the two groups ( Z=?1.468, P>0.05). Conclusions:It is safe and feasible to operate Billroth Ⅱ+Braun or Roux-en-Y anastomosis in totally 3D laparoscopic distal gastrectomy. Billroth Ⅱ+Braun anastomosis can reduce the surgical cost. Roux-en-Y anastomosis has advantages in reducing the incidence of reflux esophagitis, bile reflux and reflux gastritis.